Preface to Recent Studies Involving the RMS Titanic

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
William H. Garzke
Keyword(s):  
Remotely Operated Vehicles ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Deep Diving ◽  
Modern Computer

The loss of the RMS Titanic has fascinated the public for nearly a century. When Dr. Robert Ballard discovered the wreck in September 1985, it was determined that the ship had sustained a hull failure and another visit in 1986 found that a portion of the midsection of the ship was missing. Recent use of deep diving Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and modern computer techniques have enabled evidence that has been recovered or seen on the seabed to be analyzed to determine what really caused this magnificent ship to sink and break apart. Yes, the ship did collide with an iceberg, but were there other contributing factors?

High national acceptance for COVID-19 contact tracing technologies in Taiwan (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Garrett ◽  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
Joshua P. White ◽  
Yoshihisa Kashima ◽  
Simon Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Privacy Measures ◽  
Credible Intervals

BACKGROUND Governments worldwide have introduced COVID-19 tracing technologies. Taiwan, a world leader in controlling the virus’ spread, has introduced the Taiwan ‘Social Distancing App’ to facilitate COVID-19 contact tracing. However, for these technologies to be effective, they must be accepted and used by the public. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to determine public acceptance for three hypothetical tracing technologies: a centralized Government App, a decentralized Bluetooth App (e.g., Taiwan’s Social Distancing App), and a Telecommunication tracing technology; and model what factors contributed to their acceptance. METHODS Four nationally representative surveys were conducted in April 2020 sampling 6,000 Taiwanese residents. Perceptions and impacts of COVID-19, government effectiveness, worldviews, and attitudes towards and acceptance of one-of-three hypothetical tracing technologies were assessed. RESULTS Technology acceptance was high across all hypothetical technologies (67% - 73%) and improved with additional privacy measures (82% - 88%). Bayesian modelling (using 95% highest density credible intervals) showed data sensitivity and perceived poor COVID-19 policy compliance inhibited technology acceptance. By contrast, technology benefits (e.g., returning to activities, reducing virus spread, lowering the likelihood of infection), higher education, and perceived technology privacy, security, and trust, were all contributing factors to overall acceptance. Bayesian ordinal probit models revealed higher COVID-19 concern for other people than for one’s self. CONCLUSIONS Taiwan is currently using a range of technologies to minimize the spread of COVID-19 as the country returns to normal economic and social activities. We observed high acceptance for COVID-19 tracing technologies among the Taiwanese public, a promising and necessary finding for the successful introduction of Taiwan’s new ‘Social Distancing App’. Policy makers may capitalize on this acceptance by focusing attention towards the App’s benefits, privacy and security measures, making the App’s privacy measures transparent to the public, and emphasizing App uptake and compliance among the public. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable.

scholarly journals The representation and tenure of female principals in public enterprises in emerging markets: A protracted dearth?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Ralph Marenga
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Reduced Representation ◽  
Female Principals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
Implementation Gaps

The reduced representation and tenure of women as public enterprise (PE) principals in Namibia as an emerging market and developing country are concerning (Mboti, 2014; Menges, 2020). The contributing factors are an element literature fails to address explicitly in the Namibian case. This paper, therefore, aims to consolidate evidence on whether the underrepresentation and limited tenures of female principals in Namibian PEs signal a protracted dearth of women in such positions. Methodically, a desk review is used to analyse the literature. Key findings of this paper identify the absence of top-down hands-on leadership; legal and policy implementation gaps; failure to declare gender diversity as imperative in the public sector; failure to focus on helping women gain broad line experience early on, among others, as contributing factors that have disadvantaged female principals in Namibian PEs. The challenges women face in being appointed or completing their tenure as PE principals over the years signal a protracted dearth of women in positions of PE principals in Namibia. Understanding these dynamics is relevant for enhancing Namibia’s policy efforts to curb the further proliferation of patriarchy as nuanced in the glass ceiling. This paper recommends the robust implementation of existing anti-patriarchy legislation.

User Perception towards Ride hail Service: A case of Nagpur city, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
B. Raghuram Kadali
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
University Campus ◽  
User Perception ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Shared Service

In recent times, there is an increase in the utilization of the ride-hail service (viz., mobile application-based shared service) by the younger generation due to tremendous changes in technology, extensive usage of smartphones, and perceived convenience during travelling. For evaluating ride-hail service further, it is necessary to understand the user perception towards the ride-hail service and public transportation system (viz., bus in this case) to efficiently plan the public transportation services. Hence, the present study analyzes user perception while making trips, using ride-hail service and public transport buses. A long stretch of 3.8 km has been selected in the Nagpur city for the study and the stretch attracts a good number of trips by ride-hailing and public transportation. To perform the analysis, a survey has been conducted in the stretch which includes an online survey (viz., based on the Google form) and an offline survey (viz., at selected bus stops on the route between university campus and shopping complex). A binary logit model has been developed to understand the user perception towards ride-hail service and to identify the significant contributing factors towards the preference of the ride-hail service over the public transport bus. From the model results, it has been noted that age, accessibility, waiting time, travel time, income, and travel cost of the trip are the most significant contributing factors that affect user decision for availing the ride-hail service. It has been concluded from the study that the inferences obtained would be useful in the direction of developing warrants for transport planners and policymakers to improve the service quality of public transport buses (viz., frequency and routes) in cities especially in the Indian context.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1557408
Author(s):  
Amanda Phelan ◽  
Michaela Davis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Nurses ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interactional Processes

The public health nurses’ scope of practice explicitly includes child protection within their role, which places them in a prime position to identify child protection concerns. This role compliments that of other professions and voluntary agenices who work with children. Public health nurses are in a privileged position as they form a relationship with the child’s parent(s)/guardian(s) and are able to see the child in its own environment, which many professionals cannot. Child protection in Ireland, while influenced by other countries, has progressed through a distinct pathway that streamlined protocols and procedures. However, despite the above serious failures have occurred in the Irish system, and inquiries over the past 20 years persistently present similar contributing factors, namely, the lack of standardized and comprehensive service responses. Moreover, poor practice is compounded by the lack of recognition of the various interactional processes taking place within and between the different agencies of child protection, leading to psychological barriers in communication. This article will explore the lessons learned for public health nurses practice in safeguarding children in the Republic of Ireland.

Stress, work and mental health: a global perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marten W deVries ◽  
Bill Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
The Media

Background:The United Nations, WHO and the World Bank have called the current prevalence rate of neuro-psychiatric disorder approaches of 1 in 4 individuals worldwide and ‘unheralded public health crisis’. Rates are driven by an early onset, high impairment and high chronicity of these disorders. Most importantly, detection and treatment rates are low, estimated at les than 10% worldwide resulting in 500 million people underserved. The related economic costs soared in 1999 to 120 billion dollars in Europe and North America, with over 60 billion dollars assigned to stress related disorders. Contributing factors are bio-psycho-social and include rapid social change as well as the time compression of modern life resulting in the experience of increased work-life stress that parallels a decade long intensification of activities in the workplace. Coping with the requirements of the new economy of mental performance has lagged behind at many individual and social levels as we cling to adjustments made during the industrial economy of the last century. A climate of transition, and more recently, terror and fear have stressed the landscape of mental health and work already ravaged by the destructive forces of stigma.Aim:This presentation will examine the other side of prosperity from the point of view of stress in the workplace as two global problems converge at this time in history, the escalation of neuro-psychiatric disorders and the increasing dependence on the mental faculties of the world's citizens.In this paper we also discuss how the international community can work together to help reduce the burden of mental disorders worldwide and sketch the implications for research and policy.Conclusions:Ultimately the media will need to be enlisted to educate the public on the value of investments in mental health.

scholarly journals Contributing factors for the underutilization of mobility stations: the case of the "wien mobil station" in vienna

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Maciel Costa da Silva ◽  
Julius Uhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Campaigns

Purpose: Mobility stations are locations in which various mobility options are offered enabling multimodality and intermodality. In Vienna, three public mobility stations were implemented as part of the project “Wien Mobil”. After observing the existing mobility stations and talking to different experts, the system was diagnosed as underutilized. Consequently, this paper aims to point out the reasons why the public mobility stations in Vienna have so far not attracted as many users as expected. Methodology/Approach: The research question is answered with the support of explorative expert interviews, observational research and literature review. Findings: The identified contributing factors for the underutilization of the mobility stations in Vienna are location, weather, lack of interoperability, low affordability, lack of reliability, and lack of publicity and educational campaigns. Research Limitation/implication: The research lacks the perspective and data from the car sharing provider. Moreover, it was conducted during winter, which certainly increased the perception of an underutilized system. Originality/Value of paper: This work is expected to contribute to urban mobility planning by identifying and reaffirming important factors to take into account when planning, implementing and operating mobility stations and by providing a thorough understanding of the reasons for the underutilization of mobility stations.

scholarly journals http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/201

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Hidayat Khan ◽  
◽  
Mumtaz A. Awan
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Forced Marriage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Honour Killing ◽  
The Public Sphere

The honour based violence comprises homicide as well as assault, rape, confinement, acid attacks, forced marriage, and female infanticide. The causal effect to maintain honour is attached to behavior of women that triggers perturbation in existing norms of a society. Therefore, it becomes a subject of domestic domain rather than state quarters, and it is not specific to certain societies. The word ‘honour’ stemmed out from the Latin word ‘honos’, which means worthiness of a person or a group in a society. Later on, it implied adverse assumption of maintaining it through women’s behaviors. The killings are carried out due to eloping and court marriage, rape, premarital sex, sexual association, and adultery etc. The contributing factors of honour killing are attached to social dynamics of a society and significance arises to explore relating key features in the light of Islamic injunctions and global legislations. Such features have been more explicitly addressed by private sector as compared to public sector. The United Nations emphasized upon consideration of honour killing issues under the public sphere for tangible outcomes. In Pakistan, the governmental sectors include Ministry of Women, Ministry of Law, Council of Islamic Ideology, and Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan, while private sectors include NGOs, women right activists, civil societies, media, and public at large. As such, it is outcome of joint efforts that now, there exist innovative laws promulgated in Pakistan, which address honour killing as exclusively punishable phenomenon. The honour killing takes place with regard to three dimensions including honour killing on the pretext of illicit relations, honour killing as punishment for seeking divorce, and honour killing as a result of rape. These dimensions define various parameters causing honour killing depending upon intensity of parameters to account for levels of provocation and accusations.

Applying the Safety and Environmental Risk and Reliability Model (SERM) for Malaysian Langat River Collision Aversion

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-225
Author(s):  
Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju ◽  
Ab Saman Ab Kader
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Risk Quantification ◽  
The Public ◽  
Accident Frequency ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Reliable Design ◽  
Accident Scenarios

Collision accident remains a big threat to coastal water transportation operation. Occurrence of a collision event exposes vessel owners and operators as well as the public to risk. The nature of the threat can be worrisome; it may lead to loss of life, damage to the environment, disruption of operation, and injuries. This makes hybrid analysis of accident frequency and consequence for risk quantification of accident scenarios through stochastic tools very imperative for reliable design and exercise of technocrat stewardship of safety and safeguard of the environmental. The study involves a predictive model for collision risk and mitigation option for aversion of collision incident. Accident frequency and consequence are obtained using probability tools. Validity of the result is checked with reliability tools. Findings of the study were checked with subsystem and uncertainty risk-contributing factors in order to arrive at a sustainable decision support for collision aversion for inland water transportation. This chapter discusses the result and validation of implementation of the Safety and Environmental Risk and Reliability Model (SERM) for aversion of collision accident for vessel navigating for inland waterways.

scholarly journals Fostering interests for teaching: Job satisfaction and motivation fators of Malaysian TVET instructors

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.9) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Muhd Khaizer Omar ◽  
Abdullah Mat Rashid ◽  
Mohd Hazwan Mohd Puad ◽  
Ady Hameme Nor Azman
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Teaching Motivation ◽  
Satisfaction Factors

Often, when the public is asked of what teachers normally do in class, the most common response would be: What else will they do? Teaching students is their core business. In general, the role of teachers in school is restricted to the traditional conception of what teachers should teach. Undoubtedly, the notion of ‘to only teach’ was relevant in the last thirty years unlike now. With respect to this matter, this study explored the reasons why some teachers retain while some leave this noble profession based on previous studies. Also, Adam’s Equity Theory (AET) of motivation was examined. Essentially, the theory served as a guideline for the researchers to ascertain the job satisfaction factors that contributed to the narratives of TVET instructors with regards to their reasoning process. Notably, the research was carried out using a mixed-method design which employs a convergent parallel design. For the purpose of this article, the results were derived from the narrative section through an online survey named Qualtrics. The population of this survey comprised of Malaysian training instructors at the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) educational institutions. In addition, a thematic analysis using the Atlas.ti software was employed to determine the reasons of TVET instructors retaining in the teaching profession and to identify the contributing factors of job satisfaction. Based on the findings, six themes with regards to teaching job satisfaction factors of TVET instructors were identified: conducive working environment, deep interest towards teaching profession, performing tasks well, satisfactory achievement among students, student factor, and students’ understanding during class. Ultimately, the understanding of teaching job satisfaction among TVET instructors can be construed as an eye-opener to enhance teaching motivation in alignment with the overarching advancement of this field. 

Aqueous Alteration of Nuclear Waste Glasses and Metal Package Components

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Wicks ◽  
Alexander R. Lodding ◽  
Martin A. Molecke
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
World War ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
High Level

The United States is at an important crossroads in its management of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). It is presently in the process of changing over from a strategy that was developed during World War II, which involves storing HLW in a relatively mobile liquid form, to a strategy of the 1990s, which involves removing and isolating potentially harmful radionuclides and immobilizing them into solid and inert forms, more specifically, borosilicate glass. The resulting waste glass products will then be permanently disposed of by deep burial, within stable geologic formations, where they become one element of a multibarrier waste-isolation system. This barrier system is designed to retain radionuclides so they can be permanently isolated from the public and from the accessible environment. Important contributing factors to the success of this strategy include the excellent stability and technical performance of waste glass forms and the ability of the glass, as well as waste package materials, to retain radionuclides even when exposed to potential leachants within a repository environment.

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