Isolation and Identification of Fungal strains from Human Foot crack and their Natural Control Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
G Sattanathan ◽  
C Anadhababu ◽  
V Ramasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Foot Crack

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Sodium Fluoroacetate Degrading Bacteria from Caprine Rumen in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Expedito K. A. Camboim ◽  
Arthur P. Almeida ◽  
Michelle Z. Tadra-Sfeir ◽  
Felício G. Junior ◽  
Paulo P. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Orbital Shaker

The objective of this paper was to report the isolation of two fluoroacetate degrading bacteria from the rumen of goats. The animals were adult goats, males, crossbred, with rumen fistula, fed with hay, and native pasture. The rumen fluid was obtained through the rumen fistula and immediately was inoculated 100 μL in mineral medium added with 20 mmol L−1sodium fluoroacetate (SF), incubated at 39°C in an orbital shaker.Pseudomonas fluorescens(strain DSM 8341) was used as positive control for fluoroacetate dehalogenase activity. Two isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing asPigmentiphaga kullae(ECPB08) andAncylobacter dichloromethanicus(ECPB09). These bacteria degraded sodium fluoroacetate, releasing 20 mmol L−1of fluoride ion after 32 hours of incubation in Brunner medium containing 20 mmol L−1of SF. There are no previous reports of fluoroacetate dehalogenase activity forP. kullaeandA. dichloromethanicus. Control measures to prevent plant intoxication, including use of fences, herbicides, or other methods of eliminating poisonous plants, have been unsuccessful to avoid poisoning by fluoroacetate containing plants in Brazil. In this way,P. kullaeandA. dichloromethanicusmay be used to colonize the rumen of susceptible animals to avoid intoxication by fluoroacetate containing plants.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of commercially available poultry feeds sold in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Nigar Sultana ◽  
Md Atiqul Haque ◽  
Md Mostafizer Rahman ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Mst Deloara Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli

The study was conducted aiming at the isolation and identification of pathogens from poultry feed manufactured by four different brands namely A (broiler starter), B (broiler finisher), C (layer starter) and D (layer finisher) sold in retail stores of Rangpur city of Bangladesh. All these samples were collected from four randomly chosen outlets and analyzed by culturing in different culture media such as Nutrient broth (NB), Nutrient agar (NA), Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar, Triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant, Motility, Indole, Urease (MIU) and Saboraud Dextrose agar (SDA) media. The bacterial agents were isolated and examined under light microscope for their gross morphological and conventional biochemical characteristics. The bacteriological analyses were done at the Microbiology Laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of January to June, 2014. Total bacterial colonies of all the samples were counted separately according to the American Public Health Association, using nutrient agar medium for total viable count (TVC), Eosine methylene blue (EMB) agar media for total E. coli count (TEC) and Salmonella-Shigella agar for TSC (total salmonella count). Saboraud Dextrose agar (SDA) media was used for detection of fungus. The virulence effect of the organism present in feed were observed by inoculating the organism in poultry. Recorded result showed that average TVC of feed sample A, B, C and D were 5.45x106, 3.28x105, 5.14x106 and 4.53x105 CFU/gm (colony forming unit per gram) respectively. TEC of feed sample A, B, C and D were recorded 6.25x105, 8.26x103, 5.52x105 and 5.65x104 CFU/gm respectively. TSC of feed sample A, B, C and D were recorded 3.15x104, 2.68x103, 4.46x103 and 1.19x104 CFU/gm respectively. The highest TVC, TEC and TSC were found in broiler starter (feed sample A) and lowest TVC, TEC and TSC were found in broiler finisher (feed sample B). Fungal count was 1.85x105 CFU/ gm in layer finisher (feed sample D) could be as a result of their high pathogenecity as reported by researchers elsewhere. These organisms can cause several poultry and farm animal infections specially mycotoxicosis having public health significance to both human and poultry. The presence of high numbers of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in poultry feed were indicative of poor hygienic practices during manufacture, post process contamination and unsatisfactory transportation and reservation. Therefore reinforce the need for preventive control measures, hygienic handling and processing of feeds to reduce the risk of potential human health hazards.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 52-60

Isolation and Identification of Two New Fungal Strains for Xylanase Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Bakri ◽  
Magali Masson ◽  
Philippe Thonart
Keyword(s):  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Fungal Strains

scholarly journals Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christine M. Mbindyo ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Charles M. Mulei
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples

Bovine mastitis continues to be a leading cause of heavy economic losses in the dairy industry and a public health hazard globally. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, etiologies of clinical and subclinical mastitis, and associated predisposing factors in Embu and Kajiado counties in Kenya. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 154 smallholder dairy farmers to collect data on management practices, animal factors, and disease history. A total of 395 dairy cows were initially screened for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT), and milk samples were aseptically collected. Both CMT positive and CMT negative samples were analyzed using conventional bacteriological isolation and identification procedures. In the present study, the overall prevalence of mastitis based on CMT and clinical examination was 80% (316/395), out of which 6.8% (27/395) was clinical mastitis, while 73.1% (289/395) was subclinical mastitis. Based on culture, the overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 51.6% (815/1580), 74.4% (294/395), and 76.6% (118/154) at the quarter, cow, and farm level, respectively. From the 1574 milk samples analyzed by cultured, 1016 bacteria were yielded. The predominant bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), 42.8% (435/1016), and in decreasing order, Streptococcus species, 22.2% (226/1016), Staphylococcus aureus, 15.7% (160/1016), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.1% (52/1016), and the least was Enterobacter species, 0.7% (7/1016), while 23.7% of the sample yielded no bacterial growth. Risk factor analysis revealed that milking mastitic cows last (p=0.002), using a clean udder drying towel for each cow (p=0.033) and previous history of mastitis (p=0.046) were significantly associated with presence of mastitis. The current study has shown a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis with CNS as predominant bacteria. Therefore, control measures are urgently warranted. Management factors such as milking mastitic cows last, using a clean towel for udder drying for each cow, and culling mastitic cows should be considered and included in the Kenyan mastitis control programs.

Isolation and Identification of Major Mastitis Causing Bacteria from Clinical Cases of Bovine Mastitis in Kashmir Valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waseem ◽  
A. Muhee ◽  
H. U. Malik ◽  
Z. A. Akhoon ◽  
Khusheeba Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases of dairy animals causing heavy losses in terms of fall in milk production, decreased milk quality and additional costs for veterinary services. Mastitis is caused by a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and mycoplasma, of which bacteria are the most frequently isolated pathogens. Microbiological testing is necessary for identification of cause of mastitis and adaptation of control measures to prevent the disease. The aim of the presnt study was to isolate and identify major mastitis causing bacteria from clinical mastitic cases presented to Veterinary Clinical complex, FVSc. and AH, Shuhama Kashmir for treatment. Methods: A total of 200 bovine milk samples from CMT confirmed clinical mastitis cases were collected and cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Mac-Conkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Mannitol salt agar and Edwards media for bacterial isolation. The isolates were then subjected to biochemical tests for identification. Result: Upon microbiological testing and biochemical confirmation, the major mastitis causing bacteria isolated from clinical cases of Bovine mastitis were Staphylococcus Spp. showing highest prevalence of 46.4% followed by mixed infection with Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (20.8%), Streptococci Spp. (18.4%) and Escherichia coli (14.4%).

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH COMPOSTING PROCESS OF MUNICIPAL BIOSOLID WASTE

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-770
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Thu Hang ◽  
Le Thi Quynh Tram ◽  
Tran Phuong Anh ◽  
Ho To Thi Khai Mui ◽  
Dang Nguyen Thao Vi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Living Organisms

Organic waste is gradually degraded during composting process, producing carbon dioxide, water, heat, and humus, the relatively stable end product. The degradation process is carried out by living organisms, of which fungi appear to have the most important role since they break down tough debris (cellulose, lignin, and other resistant materials), enabling other microorganisms to continue the decomposition process. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the fungi associated with large scale municipal biosolid waste composting process in Vietnam. In this study, we have isolated 10 morphologically different fungal strains from the composting materials, and classified based on morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA sequences. The results showed that these fungal strains belonged to four different genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Monascus, and Trichoderma. The results would be a useful reference for further studies of diversity, and functions of fungi that involved in municipal biosolid waste composting process in Vietnam environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228
Author(s):  
Mohamed Baali ◽  
Mohamed Lounis ◽  
Hanan Laidouci Al Amir ◽  
Ammar Ayachi ◽  
Ahcen Hakem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Initial Finding ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Aim: The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial profile of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens in Batna, East Algeria, from June 2016 to June 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 960 samples, including 480 cloacal swabs, 240 cecal contents, and 240 neck skin samples collected from 6 poultry farms and 12 slaughterhouses, were included in this study. After isolation and identification, susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by the disk diffusion method. The seasonality of Campylobacter infection at broiler farms was statistically analyzed. Results: The data showed that 65%, 55%, and 70% of the cloacal swab, neck skin, and cecal content samples were contaminated with thermotolerant Campylobacter strains, respectively (p<0.05). Among the isolated campylobacteria, Campylobacter jejuni was the predominant species (73.5%). Sampling season exhibited a significant impact on the prevalence of Campylobacter (p<0.01), with peak occurrence in summer. All of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, while 83.3% of them were resistant to erythromycin. Interestingly, 16 different resistance profiles were noted, with the combination of "ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline" being the most common, identified in 20.7% of isolated strains. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of a high contamination rate of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter in farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria. These findings underscore the need to apply strict control measures to avoid any associated public health hazard among Algerian consumers. This initial finding of the contamination of poultry with this zoonotic pathogen in East Algeria suggests the value of periodic comprehensive evaluation of associated disease in poultry as well as in humans in this region.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Solanum lycopersicum L. (Tomato) Leaves in Alapoti, Ogun State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tolulope S. Ewekeye ◽  
Adegboyega C. Odebode
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Ogun State

Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is an essential vegetable crop consumed worldwide. Major limiting factors in its production include fungal foliar diseases. Therefore, this work was aimed at investigating the fungi associated with diseased tomato leaves. Infected leaf samples (3 per plant, 30 plants per farm) of Kerewa variety were randomly collected at the expression of disease symptoms from 3 farms in Alapoti, Ogun State. Samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar for fungal isolation. All isolates were identified using morphological and microscopic features. Pathogenicity test was conducted based on Koch’s postulates. Identified symptoms on the leaf samples were chlorosis, leaf spot and wilt. Fungi isolated from diseased tomato leaves were Aspergillus aculeatus, A. niger, A. tamarii, A. ustus, A. versicolor, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium oxysporum, Phialophora melinii, Phomopsis sp. and Trichodema asperellum. Fusarium oxysporum and Phomopsis sp. were found to be the causal organisms of the leaf infections. Due to the effect of the leaf diseases of the overall productivity of tomato, it is important to put in place adequate control measures to mitigate the effect of the diseases.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF DAMPING-OFF OF DOUGLAS FIR SEEDLINGS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1954 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Cover Soil ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Nursery Practices ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
And Control

Except in new nurseries, damping-off in British Columbia forest nurseries has remained below serious levels. Modification of nursery practices has served to reduce losses. The use of a suitable, sandy cover soil has been effective. Lowered fertility of the soil, though a problem in itself, appears to decrease incidence of damping-off. The acidity of the soil in coast nurseries may have afforded some natural control of the disease. From investigations on the control of damping-off, there appears to be promise in the use of peat as a planting medium for stratified seed, and, based on experiments with unstratified seed, in the application of fungicides to cover soil. In view of the present low degree of the disease, there would appear to be an opportunity for research directed to the biology and control of fungi known to be capable of causing sudden outbreaks, without the urgent need of finding immediately effective control measures.

scholarly journals Role of staphylococci in mastitis in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia G. C. Vasileiou ◽  
Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos ◽  
Stela Sarrou ◽  
Ilektra A. Fragkou ◽  
Angeliki I. Katsafadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Sources Of Infection

AbstractStaphylococci have been isolated from various sites of the body of healthy sheep, as well as from many infections of those animals, the main one being mastitis. The objective of this review is to appraise the importance and significance of staphylococci in causing mastitis in ewes. The review includes a brief classification and taxonomy of staphylococci and describes the procedures for their isolation and identification, as well as their virulence determinants and the mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial agents. Various staphylococcal species have been implicated in staphylococcal mastitis and the characteristics of isolates are discussed with regards to potential virulence factors. Staphylococcal mastitis is explicitly described, with reference to sources of infection, the course of the disease and the relevant control measures. Finally, the potential significance of staphylococci present in ewes’ milk for public health is discussed briefly.

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