scholarly journals The social axioms of populism: Investigating the relationship between culture and populist attitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-455
Author(s):  
Waleed A. Jami ◽  
Markus Kemmelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Social Flexibility

Populism is on the rise with various movements having electoral breakthroughs. Most social-science research on populism has focused primarily on party tactics and rhetoric, and a definition for the term itself; only recently has populism emerged as a psychological construct. We contribute to this growing literature with two studies (n = 456 and n = 5,837) that investigated the cultural worldviews underpinned in populist attitudes. Using the social axioms model, an etic framework for assessing people’s generalized social expectations, we linked populist attitudes to universal dimensions of culture. We found that higher levels of social cynicism and social flexibility, and to a lesser extent, lower levels of fate control and reward for application predicted populist attitudes. These findings indicate that people who endorse populist attitudes, across a range of contexts, are cynical regarding the social world, believe in alternative solutions to social dilemmas, but may also perceive a world that is difficult to control and potentially unfair. The discussion focuses on the cultural forces that may drive or facilitate populist attitudes across context and time.

Digitalisierung und Nachbarschaft

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

There has hardly been any other development that has changed our everyday lives as significantly as digitalisation, and there is hardly anything as commonplace as neighbourship. Despite the links between these two concepts growing, they have been neglected in social science research in Germany so far. The prevailing sentiment is that the Internet and social media sites have no connection to the real world, but there are countless neighbourship groups on Facebook, Twitter hashtags named after neighbourhoods or entire websites, such as ‘nebenan.de’, which endeavour to strengthen local community bonds through digital means. In short, the social developments in this respect are already considerably more advanced than the knowledge that exists about it. This anthology makes a fundamental contribution to the sociological debate on digitalisation and neighbourship by aiming to provide an overview of the relationship between digitalisation and neighbourship on the one hand, and open up avenues for further research on the other. It therefore examines and systematises attempts to strengthen local community bonds using digital media from different perspectives.

scholarly journals Determinants of the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Piltch-Loeb ◽  
Diana Silver ◽  
Yeerae Kim ◽  
Hope Norris ◽  
Elizabeth McNeill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
United States Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Relationship

Polls report nearly one-third of the United States population is skeptical or opposed to getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Most of these polls, as well as the scientific research that has been conducted on vaccine hesitancy, was done prior to vaccine eligibility opening to all adults. Now that COVID-19 vaccines are widely available, further research is needed to understand the factors contributing to vaccine intentions across the vaccine hesitancy spectrum. This study conducted an online survey using the Social Science Research Solution (SSRS) Opinion Panel web panelists, representative of U.S. adults age 18 and older who use the internet, with an oversample of rural-dwelling and minority populations between April 8 and April 22, 2021- as vaccine eligibility opened to the country. We examined the relationship between COVID-19 exposure and socio-demographics with vaccine intentions [eager-to-take, wait-and-see, undecided, refuse] among the unvaccinated using multinomial logistic regressions [ref: fully/partially vaccinated]. Results showed vaccine intentions varied by demographic characteristics and risk exposures during the period that eligibility for the vaccine was extended to all adults.

Bringing What State Back In? Neo-Marxism and the Origin of the Committee on States and Social Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-726
Author(s):  
Rafael Khachaturian
Keyword(s):  
New Left ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Capitalist State ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the interdisciplinary movement to “bring the state back in,” advanced during the 1980s by the Committee on States and Social Structures. Drawing on the Committee’s archives at the Social Science Research Council, I show that its influential neo-Weberian conception of the state was developed in dialogue with earlier neo-Marxist debates about the capitalist state. However, its interpretation of neo-Marxism as a class reductive and functionalist variant of “grand theory” also created a narrative that marginalized the latter’s contributions to the literature on the state. This displacement had lasting consequences, for while neo-Marxist approaches had provided a critical perspective on the relationship between the social sciences and the state, the Committee’s narrative had a depoliticizing effect on this subject matter. Reconstructing this moment both recovers the forgotten influence of the New Left and neo-Marxist scholarship on postwar political science and sociology, and elaborates on the contested history of the state as a political concept.

scholarly journals Social Axioms of Young and Old People in India: A Survey Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Singh ◽  
Shabana Bano
Keyword(s):  
Social Complexity ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Old People ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Cynicism

Social axioms play a crucial role in the individual’s belief and value systems. The major functions of axioms are to enhance the survival and functioning of people in their social environment. Leung and Bond (2004) proposed five dimensions of social axioms as social cynicism, social complexity, reward for application, fate control and religiosity. The present study was designed to examine the social axioms of younger and older people. The study was conducted with 86 participants (N=51 young and N=35 old) age ranged 20-30 and 50-60 years. They were sampled from various areas of Varanasi City. The social axioms survey (Leung, Bond, Carrasquel, Munoz, Hernandez, Murikami, Yamagushi, Biebrauer&Singelis, 2002) was administered to examine the participants. Result showed that older participants significantly higher on social cynicism, reward for application and religiosity than younger participants. With respect to social complexity and fate control, no significant difference was found. The findings suggest that social axioms are important to understand an individual’s behaviour in a given society.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Goertz ◽  
James Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Mathematical Foundations ◽  
The Relationship

This book investigates the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative research traditions in the social sciences, with a particular focus on political science and sociology. It argues that the two traditions are alternative cultures with distinctive research procedures and practices, each having its own values, beliefs, and norms. The book considers the ways in which the traditions differ in terms of methodology, such as type of research question, mode of data analysis, and method of inference. It suggests that the two traditions draw on alternative mathematical foundations: quantitative research is grounded in inferential statistics (that is, probability and statistical theory), whereas qualitative research is (often implicitly) rooted in logic and set theory. This chapter discusses the book's approach to characterizing and comparing the two cultures of social science research and explains what is distinctive about qualitative research.

A Short Form of Pari to Assess Authoritarian Attitudes toward Child Rearing

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Cross ◽  
George F. Kawash
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Parental Attitude ◽  
Personality Variable ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitude Research ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) was revised and shortened in an attempt to assess authoritarianism and warmth. A factor analysis demonstrated the logic of combining the scales into these two factors. The relationship between these factors and authoritarianism was explored by testing 46 college students with the PARI short form and both forms of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) steropathy scales. Both PARI factors were significantly related to authoritarianism measured as a cluster of attitudes (Form I of the SSRC) but not as a personality variable (Form P of the SSRC). The over-all pattern of results suggests that the new short-form PARI is a useful technique for assessing authoritarian attitudes toward childrearing.

Housing Segregation and School Desegregation

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Armor
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Housing Segregation ◽  
The Relationship

The issue of residential segregation has had a long history in the development of school desegregation laws and policies. Most social scientists and jurists would agree that school segregation is closely associated with racial segregation in housing, particularly in larger school systems. Residential segregation can give rise to school segregation between school systems, such as that existing between a predominantly minority city school system and its predominantly white suburban systems, and within a single school system when a neighborhood school policy reflects segregated residential patterns. The debate over the relationship between housing and school segregation arises, however, not from the mere fact of association, but from the causal interpretations applied to this association. Two major issues have framed the debates over this relationship. One issue concerns the causes of housing segregation itself, whether it arises primarily from discriminatory actions, either public or private, or from a complex set of social, economic, and demographic forces in which discrimination plays only a secondary role. The second issue focuses on the causal connections between school segregation and housing segregation and the direction of the causal relationship: the extent to which a neighborhood school policy actually contributes to housing segregation (rather than simply reflecting it) and the extent to which school desegregation contributes to integrated housing choices. On these points there is sharp disagreement between and within the social science and legal communities. The debates within the social science and legal communities have had reciprocating influences. On the one hand, a considerable amount of research on housing segregation has been generated by school desegregation litigation. On the other, a number of court decisions about the role of housing in school desegregation cases have been influenced by social science research and expert testimony. Thus the relationship between judicial policy and social science research is well illustrated by the housing segregation issue. The role of residential segregation in school desegregation law has itself passed through several stages during the past thirty years of school desegregation litigation.

Social Axioms and Implicit Attitudes About People with Disabilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Ma ◽  
Shuang Chen ◽  
Mingjie Zhou ◽  
Jianxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between social axioms and implicit attitudes toward people with disabilities. Participants were 101 undergraduate students (male = 30, female = 71) from a university in Beijing. Social axioms were assessed using the Social Axioms Survey (Leung et al., 2002) and implicit attitudes were measured using the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). Data analysis showed that the social axiom dimension of fate control was negatively related to implicit attitudes toward people with disabilities. None of the other 4 social axiom dimensions was found to be correlated with implicit attitudes.

General Beliefs about the World as Defensive Mechanisms against Death Anxiety

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Ka-Ying Hui ◽  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Timmy Sze Wing Ng
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Death Attitudes ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Cynicism ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Affective Dimensions

Death ideation and death anxiety represent the cognitive and affective dimensions of death attitudes, respectively. General beliefs about the world are proposed to be useful defensive mechanisms protecting persons against the death anxiety provoked by death ideation. SEM is employed to test the proposed mediation model, using a sample of 133 Hong Kong Chinese university students. Results showed that death ideation was significantly and inversely linked to belief in social cynicism, reward for application, and fate control. Moreover, higher levels of belief in fate control and lower levels of religiosity predicted greater death anxiety. Only belief in fate control partially mediated the relationship between death ideation and death anxiety. Discussion focused on how social axioms serve as useful defensive mechanisms against death anxiety.

scholarly journals Connection between the psychological sovereignty and social beliefs: personal boundaries in the social world

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
S.K. Nartova-Bochaver
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Just World ◽  
Social Beliefs ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Fate Control ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Personal Boundaries ◽  
The Social

Connections between the psychological sovereignty and social beliefs: belief in a just world, religiosity, reward application, fate control were exanimated. 288 respondents (Mage = 23,7), 66 males participated in the survey. The foolowing tools were used: the Sovereignty of the psychological space questionnaire — 2010 (Nartova-Bochaver, 2014), the General and Personal Belief in a Just World Scales (Dalbert, 1999), and the Social axioms survey (Leung et al., 2002; Tatarko, Lebedeva, 2008). There has been found that social beliefs differ depending on the sovereignty level. In addition, it has been revealed that in deprived individuals the body and territory sovereignty predicted the social beliefs, and in super-sovereign individuals the regime habits and territory sovereignty did. In the group of moderate sovereignty there weren’t any significant connections. It was concluded that the most adapted group is free of typical beliefs as a form of social stereotypes.

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