scholarly journals Investigation of the chemical composition of red pigments and binding media

Chemija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Čiuladienė ◽  
Austėja Luckutė ◽  
Jonas Kiuberis ◽  
Aivaras Kareiva
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Red Pigments ◽  
Binding Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
Data Library

This study presents the results of investigation of red pigments and binding media used in ancient manuscripts for rubrication and illumination. The commercial compounds were analysed with the aim to create a short data library which could be used for the characterization of different model compositions of red pigments and dyes. Finally, these analytical data will be used for the identification of specimens obtained from ancient manuscripts. The red pigments and binding media were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thermal (TG/DSC) analysis techniques.

scholarly journals Study of the Red Iron Paints for Rubrics and Miniatures: Accelerated Aging and Analytical Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Aušra ČIULADIENĖ ◽  
Aldona BEGANSKIENĖ ◽  
Jūratė SENVAITIENĖ ◽  
Aivaras KAREIVA
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Binding Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3

In this study, the red iron paints used in ancient manuscripts for rubrics and miniatures were fabricated and investigated. The commercial three different iron pigments (red ochre (Fe2O3), red bolus (Fe2O3.xSiO2.yAl2O3), and hematite (Fe2O3)) and three binding media (gum Arabic, fish glue and parchment glue) were used for the preparation of analogous to historical red iron paints. The obtained model red iron paints were analyzed with the aim to create a short data library which could be used for the characterization of different model compositions of red paints as well as real historical and archaeological red paints. The obtained red paints and binding media were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and thermal (TG/DSC) analysis techniques. The accelerated aging test was also applied for the analogous to historical red iron paints. These results are useful to develop red paint guidelines for the storage and display for improved conservation and accessibility of manuscripts.

scholarly journals From model to artefact: Versatile characterization of cinnabar, red lead and realgar red paints for rubrics and miniatures

Chemija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Čiuladienė ◽  
Aivaras Kareiva ◽  
Rimantas Raudonis
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medieval Manuscript ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Data Library

This study focuses on the characterization of cinnabar, red lead and realgar paints, since the red colour was very often used for the illuminations and rubrics of medieval manuscript. The commercial pigments (cinnabar (HgS), red lead (Pb3O4), realgar (As4S4)) and binding media (gum Arabic, fish and parchment glue) were used for the preparation of analogous to historical paints. This work is on-going and at this stage, the resulting red paint samples were analysed to create a short data library that could be used to describe the various red paints and their compositions. The obtained paints were characterized before and after accelerated aging using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal (TG/DSC) analysis techniques. These results of versatile characterization are useful to develop red paint guidelines for the storage and how they affect current and future conservation of these objects.

Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

Production and Characterization of HVOF Sprayed NiCr-TiC Coatings Using SHS Powder Feedstock

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Blatchford ◽  
A.J. Horlock ◽  
D.G. McCartney ◽  
P.H. Shipway ◽  
J.V. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Powder Feedstock

Abstract In this paper, the production of NiCr-TiC powder by SHS, suitable for HVOF spraying, is discussed together with results on the microstructure and coating properties. Compacts for SHS were prepared by mixing elemental Ti and C with pre-alloyed Ni-20wt.% Cr powder to give an overall composition of 35wt.% NiCr and 65wt.% TiC. These were then ignited and a self-sustaining reaction proceeded to completion. Reacted compacts were crushed, sieved, and classified to give feedstock powders in size ranges of 10-45 µm and 45-75 µm. All powder was characterized prior to spraying based on particle size distribution, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Thermal spraying was performed using both H2 and C3H6 as fuel gases in a UTP/Miller Thermal HVOF system. The resulting coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD analysis, and the microstructures correlated with powder size and spray conditions. Abrasive wear was determined by a modified 'dry sand rubber wheel' (DSRW) test and wear rates were measured. It has been found that wear rates comparable to those of HVOF sprayed WC-17wt% Co coatings can be achieved.

Microstructural Characterization of Glass-to-Metal Brazed Joint

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1732-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Hai Shen ◽  
Yu Gang Zheng ◽  
Liang Chang ◽  
Jin Jia Guo ◽  
Song Bin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Brazed Joints ◽  
Brazed Joint ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aiming at the glass-to-metal seals serving in the Solar Thermal Power (STP), glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to examine the microstructure and element contents of interface seam on the glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints. Also, the compositional concentration of the interface seam was measured by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

The Preparation and Characterization of LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C by Carbon Reduction Route

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
Jia Feng Zhang ◽  
Bao Zhang ◽  
Xue Yi Guo ◽  
Jian Long Wang ◽  
He Zhang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Initial Discharge Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Initial Discharge ◽  
Structure Morphology

The LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C was synthesized by carbon reduction route using FePO4•2H2O as precursor. The LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The XRD analysis, SEM and TEM images show that sample has the good crystal structure, morphology and carbon coating. The charge-discharge tests demonstrate that the powder has the better electrochemical properties, with an initial discharge capacity of 164.6 mAh•g−1 at current density of 0.1 C. The capacity retention reaches 99.8% after 100 cycles at 0.1C.

Preparation and Characterization of Ce-Doped Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1091-1096
Author(s):  
Dong Fang Han ◽  
Qun Tang ◽  
Qing Meng Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Ju Du
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Dielectric Constant And Loss ◽  
Ce Content ◽  
Doping Ratio

The structure and property of Ce-doped Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 (BST) were investigated as a function of Ce content. The density experiment results confirmed that increasing the Ce doping ratio caused the decrease in shrinkage factor of BST in the sintering procedure. Additionally, both Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the grain size of Ce-doped BST was dependent on the Ce content. Further more, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss had a curve relationship with increasing Ce content. The improvement of the electrical properties of Ce doping BST may be related to the decrease in the concentration of oxygen vacancies. According to the research, the diameter of grain, the dielectric constant and loss factor of the 1mol% Ce-doped Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 were 500nm, 365.8 and 0.0063, respectively.

Preparation of LiFePO4/C Composite Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Guo Jun Li ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Hai Li Jing ◽  
Rui Ming Ren
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Charge Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Charge

LiFePO4/C composite powders were prepared by a simple reaction of as-synthesized FePO4•2H2O, LiOH•H2O, oxalic acid and citric acid. The influence of oxalic acid and citric acid in different ratios was investigated on morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composite powders. The characterization of the composites included X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis indicates that the material is well crystallized without impurities. The obtained LiFePO4/C composite powders with well dispersion at CA/OA ratio of 1:1.50 and the initial charge capacity reached 159.3 mAhg-1 at 0.1C rate, meanwhile, the particles prepared at 1:0.75 were close to spherical in shape and the specific capacity value was 149.8 mAhg-1 at 0.1C rate, with a slight decrease on greater C-rates reaching 141.3 mAhg-1 at 1C.

scholarly journals Effect of Oxidation Rate and Fe(II) State on Microbial Nitrate-Dependent Fe(III) Mineral Formation

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 7172-7177 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Senko ◽  
Thomas A. Dewers ◽  
Lee R. Krumholz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Reducing Conditions

ABSTRACT A nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium was isolated and used to evaluate whether Fe(II) chemical form or oxidation rate had an effect on the mineralogy of biogenic Fe(III) (hydr)oxides resulting from nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. The isolate (designated FW33AN) had 99% 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Klebsiella oxytoca. FW33AN produced Fe(III) (hydr)oxides by oxidation of soluble Fe(II) [Fe(II)sol] or FeS under nitrate-reducing conditions. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fe(III) (hydr)oxide produced by oxidation of FeS was shown to be amorphous, while oxidation of Fe(II)sol yielded goethite. The rate of Fe(II) oxidation was then manipulated by incubating various cell concentrations of FW33AN with Fe(II)sol and nitrate. Characterization of products revealed that as Fe(II) oxidation rates slowed, a stronger goethite signal was observed by XRD and a larger proportion of Fe(III) was in the crystalline fraction. Since the mineralogy of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides may control the extent of subsequent Fe(III) reduction, the variables we identify here may have an effect on the biogeochemical cycling of Fe in anoxic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Phase Transformation and Microstructure Characterization of Ceramic Porcelain with Different Ratio of Treated Fgd Sludge/Feldspar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
Suffi Irni Alias ◽  
Banjuraizah Johar ◽  
Syed Nuzul Fadzli Adam ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib ◽  
Fatin Fatini Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Main Component

Abstract The porcelain formulation containing percentages of treated FGD sludge waste from 5% up to 15% in replacement of feldspar were prepared. The porcelain mixture formulation were mixed by high energy planatery mill at speed 300 rpm for 1 hours. The powder were compacted by using hydraulic press and sintered at temperature 1200 °C for 3 hours. The sintered samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescene (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry/Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DCS). The primary effect concerning the addition of treated FGD sludge was the change of intensity composition (gypsum and anhydrate) in porcelain formulation. The XRD analysis has shown that the main component in sludge waste were gypsum and anhydrate.

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