scholarly journals Assessing Sufficiency and Quality of Bandwidth for Public Libraries

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carlo Bertot ◽  
Charles R. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Internet Study ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Access Services ◽  
Networked Services

Based on data collected as part of the 2006 Public Libraries and the Internet study, the authors assess the degree to which public libraries provide sufficient and quality bandwidth to support the library’s networked services and resources. The topic is complex due to the arbitrary assignment of a number of kilobytes per second (kbps) used to define bandwidth. Such arbitrary definitions to describe bandwidth sufficiency and quality are not useful. Public libraries are indeed connected to the Internet and do provide public-access services and resources. It is, however, time to move beyond connectivity type and speed questions and consider issues of bandwidth sufficiency, quality, and the range of networked services that should be available to the public from public libraries. A secondary, but important issue is the extent to which libraries, particularly in rural areas, have access to broadband telecommunications services.

scholarly journals Public Access Technologies in Public Libraries: Effects and Implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carlo Bertot
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
The World ◽  
Computer Services

<span>Public libraries were early adopters of Internet-based technologies and have provided public access to the Internet and computers since the early 1990s. The landscape of public-access Internet and computing was substantially different in the 1990s as the World Wide Web was only in its initial development. At that time, public libraries essentially experimented with publicaccess Internet and computer services, largely absorbing this service into existing service and resource provision without substantial consideration of the management, facilities, staffing, and other implications of public-access technology (PAT) services and resources. This article explores the implications for public libraries of the provision of PAT and seeks to look further to review issues and practices associated with PAT provision resources. While much research focuses on the amount of public access that </span><span>public libraries provide, little offers a view of the effect of public access on libraries. This article provides insights into some of the costs, issues, and challenges associated with public access and concludes with recommendations that require continued exploration.</span>

From Circuit Switched to IP-Based Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Data Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Telephone System ◽  
E Mail

The founding of the Bell Telephone System, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), has evolved into a highly successful global telecommunications system. It is designed specifically for voice communications, and provides a high quality of service and ease of use. It is supported by sophisticated operations systems that ensure extremely high dependability and availability. Over the past 100 years, it has been a showcase for communications engineering and led to groundbreaking new technologies (e.g., transistors, fiber optics). Yet it is remarkable that many public carriers see their future in Internet protocol (IP) networks, namely the Internet. Of course, the Internet has also been highly successful, coinciding with the proliferation of personal computers. It has become ubiquitous for data applications such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, and peer-to-peer file sharing. While it is not surprising that the Internet is the future for data services, even voice services are transitioning to voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). This phenomenon bears closer examination, as a prime example explaining the success of the Internet as a universal communications platform. This chapter gives a historical development of the Internet and an overview of technical and nontechnical reasons for the convergence of services.

The Internet in developing nations: Grand challenges (originally published in April 2004)

First Monday ◽  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Press
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Developed Nations

This is a call for a "Grand Challenge" project for achieving truly global connectivity. For over a decade, we have hypothesized that the Internet could raise the quality of life in developing nations. We have conducted hundreds of studies of the state of the Internet and "e–readiness," done extensive training of technicians and policy makers, run pilot studies, and held local, regional and global conferences and workshops. After all of this activity, Internet connectivity is nearly non–existent in rural areas of developing nations, and far below that of developed nations in the urban areas of developing nations. This is not to say the activity of the past decade has been a waste. We have demonstrated the value of the Internet and raised awareness. The United Nations and the administrations of nearly all nations have acknowledged the potential of the Internet. The way has been paved, and it is time to act on what we have learned. After outlining the work of the last decade, we explore one possible Grand Challenge: Connecting every village in the rural developing world to the Internet using a strategy similar to that used in building the NSFNet. We speculate on wireless technologies that might play a role in working toward that goal: Terrestrial, high–altitude platform, and satellite. We conclude with a brief discussion of alternative Grand Challenges and a call for action. The time is ripe for an audacious project. What could we achieve with US$15 billion and ten years time?

IMAGE MANAGEMENT OF POLITICIANS ON FACEBOOK AND CITIZENS’ ELECTORAL ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
Krystian Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Image Management ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Know How

The functioning of politicians in the public space is connected with the necessity of building and managing the image, presenting opinions, views, reporting activities and building relations with the electorate in order to mobilise it to electoral activity. The key to success is to reach voters effectively. Among many communication tools available, the importance of the Internet and social media in particular is constantly growing. It takes over other communication channels’ functions and enables direct contact with the voter. However, in order to use the potential of the most popular social media in Poland – Facebook – and effectively manage the image, one needs to know its character and rules governing this environment. Unfortunately, politicians’ knowledge on this subject proves to be rather poor, which translates into the quality of their communication with voters. Research has proved that politicians who know how to use this tool achieve much greater reaches (regardless of the number of those entitled to vote) and build stronger relationships with voters, which translates into the electorate’s behavior during the elections.

scholarly journals Investigation of geochemical quality of water from public fountains of Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carina Matos Silva ◽  
Manoel Jerônimo Moreira Cruz ◽  
Isabel Honorata Souza de Azevedo ◽  
Alexandre Dacorso Daltro Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
The City ◽  
Support Decision Making

This study aims to characterize, in terms of physicochemical, bacteriological and metal concentration parameters, the water quality of public fountains in the city of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil), in order to identify its potential for current uses, contributing to the diagnosis of water quality on the public access. Therefore, campaigns were conducted in July and November of 2017 and 2018 in four fountains (Fonte Nova, Estica, Pedrinhas/Pedreiras and Express way), which were geo-referenced and analyzed physical-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and total dissolved solids, salinity, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and alkalinity), bacteriological (thermotolerant coliforms) and metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). The fountains showed values in disagreement with the CONAMA Ordinances 396/2008, 357/2005, and 274/2000 mainly about the pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate and Thermotolerant Coliforms parameters, indicating inadequacy for their intended uses. This information should support decision making and mitigation measures that minimize the environmental degradation of urban fountains in the city of Salvador (BA), from the adoption of recovery, revitalization and monitoring measures that enable the effective management of these water resources.

scholarly journals Utjecaj Narodne knjižnice na kvalitetu života nezaposlenih građana = Influence of the Public Library on Unemployed Citizens’ Quality of Life

Bosniaca ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Andreja Zubac ◽  
Ana Barbarić
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
The Public ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
Socially Excluded

Cilj je rada predstaviti rezultate istraživanja o potrebama nezaposlenih građana Osječko-baranjske županije u svrhu unapređenja spoznaja o poboljšanju službi, usluga, programa i aktivnosti narodnih knjižnica te utjecaja na kvalitetu života nezaposlenih građana. Istraživanje je provedeno kvantitativnom metodom slučajnog uzorka (N = 250). U članku je prikazana slika stanja prije globalne zdravstvene pandemije COVID-19, krize koja je utjecala na cijeli svijet. Prikupljeni podaci statistički su obrađeni u Statističkom paketu za društvene znanosti primjenom opisne i korelacijske analize između dvije skupine varijabli te su izraženi u postotcima. Najvažniji rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da ispitani građani imaju potrebu za učenjem u sastavu cjeloživotnog obrazovanja, ali da su se, s druge strane, u najvećem ukupnom postotku na ponuđene potrebe u knjižničnom prostoru, izjasnili da nemaju potrebe. Najizraženije potrebe ispitanih građana su potrebe za učenjem engleskoga i njemačkoga jezika; računalnim i tehničkim vještinama, potreba za usavršavanjem komunikacijskih vještina; usavršavanjem dodatnih socijalnih vještina kroz timski rad, upoznavanjem pravila poslovnog bontona, stjecanjem organizacijskih vještina, promocijskih vještina, učenjem neverbalne komunikacije ili govora tijela. Rezultat istraživanja pokazao je da, unatoč tomu što je dio ispitanika (41,6 %) član narodne knjižnice, i dalje ima različite potrebe u sastavu cjeloživotnog obrazovanja, a njihova im narodna knjižnica ne pruža mogućnost ispunjavanja. Pokazao je i to da nisu sve narodne knjižnice u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji otvorene za sve korisnike. Nezaposleni, društveno isključeni građani mišljenja su da narodna knjižnica može pomoći u razvoju zajednice, ali ne i nezaposlenima. = The aim of this paper is to present the results of the research on the needs of unemployed citizens in the Osijek-Baranja County with the purpose of improving the knowledge of advancing the services, programs, and activities of public libraries, as well as the quality of life of unemployed citizens. Research was conducted using the random sampling method (N=250). The article presents a picture of the situation before the global COVID-19 health pandemic, the crisis that affected the whole world. The collected data was statistically analyzed in SPSS, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, using correlation and descriptive analysis on two groups and was thereafter expressed in percentages. The most important results of the research showed that the selected citizens have a need for lifelong learning, but that at the same time the largest percentage of them do not have the need to fulfill the named needs in a library space. Most pronounced needs of tested citizens are the needs to learn English and German; computer and technical skills, the need to perfect communication skills; perfecting additional social skills through teamwork, familiarizing oneself with workspace etiquette, gaining organizational skills, promotional skills, learning nonverbal communication or body language. The results show that public libraries do not allow a portion of the subjects (41.6%) to fulfill their needs, despite them having a membership to the public library and having different needs for lifelong learning. Likewise, results show that not all public libraries within the Osijek-Baranja County are open to all users. Socially excluded unemployed citizens believe that the public library can help develop communities and unemployed citizens alike.

scholarly journals VARIASI TINGKAT KEMATIAN BAYI DAN HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA MENURUT PROPINSI: HASIL SENSUS PENDUDUK 1990

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasto Kasto
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study tries to investigate the infant mortality rate and life expectancy based on the 1990 Population Census, and to observe its variations among provinces that take place in the urban as well as in the rural areas of Indonesia. As a whole, the estimate of infant mortality rate and the expectation of life based on the 1990 Population Census is 69 per one thousand life births and 60 years for both urban and rural areas. The variation in the rural areas is larger than in the urban regions.During the period from 1980 to 1990 the infant mortality rate in Indonesia decreased by 4.29 percent annually. If this rate continued to increase till the end of 2000, the infant mortality rate by this time would be 45 per one thousand life births, whereas the expectation of life at birth would become 68 years.Many determinants of infant mortality rates should be taken into account to reduce the figures, particularly the coverage and the quality of the public health service which directly influences the child survival, as well as other determinants which indirectly,yet simultaneously, influence it.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation of an Internet network in 40 schools in Nabón, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Israel Cabrera-Tituana ◽  
Andrea Katherine Carrión-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
The Right ◽  
Internet Network

Internet access is necessary to ensure respect for the right to education, however, worldwide about 75% of school-age children in rural areas do not have access to the Internet at home, which makes it imperative the need for actions to reduce the digital gap to improve the quality of education in rural communities in Ecuador. This article describes the rehabilitation of an Internet network of 40 schools in the Nabón community, Ecuador. An earlier initiative implemented the Internet network, but lack of maintenance left it non-functional. With the support of the Municipality of Nabón, Motorola Foundation and IEEE SIGHT, a group of volunteers from IEEE Ecuador evaluated the state of the network to identify opportunities using the existing infrastructure. The commitment to the community, as well as the development of capacities, are at the center of the intervention to guarantee the sustainable development of the project. This document reports on the design, implementation, achievements and lessons learned from the rehabilitation of the Internet network.

scholarly journals Public Interest in Acne on the Internet: Comparison of Search Information From Google Trends and Naver

10.2196/19427 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e19427
Author(s):  
Tae Heum Park ◽  
Woo Il Kim ◽  
Suyeon Park ◽  
Jaeouk Ahn ◽  
Moon Kyun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Korean Traditional Medicine ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Education And Care

Background Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease primarily affecting young adults. Given that the internet has become a major source of health information, especially among the young, the internet is a powerful tool of communication and has a significant influence on patients. Objective This study aimed to clarify the features of patients’ interest in and evaluate the quality of information about acne vulgaris on the internet. Methods We compared the search volumes on acne vulgaris with those of other dermatological diseases using Google Trends from January 2004 to August 2019. We also determined the search volumes for relevant keywords of acne vulgaris on Google and Naver and evaluated the quality of answers to the queries in KnowledgeiN. Results The regression analysis of Google Trends data demonstrated that the patients’ interest in acne vulgaris was higher than that for other dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (β=−20.33, 95% CI –22.27 to –18.39, P<.001) and urticaria (β=−27.09, 95% CI –29.03 to –25.15, P<.001) and has increased yearly (β=2.38, 95% CI 2.05 to 2.71, P<.001). The search volume for acne vulgaris was significantly higher in the summer than in the spring (β=–5.04, 95% CI –9.21 to –0.88, P=.018) and on weekends than on weekdays (β=–6.68, 95% CI –13.18 to –0.18, P=.044). The most frequently searched relevant keywords with “acne vulgaris” and “cause” were “stress,” “food,” and “cosmetics.” Among food, the 2 highest acne vulgaris–related keywords were milk and wheat in Naver and coffee and ramen in Google. The queries in Naver KnowledgeiN were mostly answered by a Korean traditional medicine doctor (53.4%) or the public (33.6%), but only 12.0% by dermatologists. Conclusions Physicians should be aware of patients’ interest in and beliefs about acne vulgaris to provide the best patient education and care, both online and in the clinic.

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