scholarly journals Funerary heritage tourism: definitions and principles

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-58
Author(s):  
Julie Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Narrative Frame ◽  
To Come

En muchas grandes ciudades, el ‘primer’ cementerio decimonónico es cada vez más el núcleo del turismo de cementerios. El texto considera el ‘patrimonio funerario’ como un desarrollo relacionado pero diferente. Señala la posible relación incómoda entre el turismo de cemen- terios y patrimonio funerario, en parte debido a la falta de voluntad de asociar directamente las visitas a los cementerios con la muerte. Un turismo de cementerios mal planteado puede socavar el patrimonio tangible e intangible de los cementerios. Muchos cementerios siguen en uso y, por lo tanto, deben considerase como ‘patrimonio vivo’. En estas circunstancias, la interpretación debe reconocer a los afectados como partes interesadas relevantes, mientras que los sistemas de interpretación deben comunicar con más firmeza los diversos aspectos de la mortalidad. Poner de relieve las dinámicas de ‘funcionamiento’ del cementerio es un marco narrativo poco explorado y es necesario ser consciente de que las formas de interpre- tación pueden sesgar el esfuerzo de conservación. Asimismo, se pueden plantear cuestiones éticas. En el texto sugerimos que, como mínimo, esa interpretación debería demostrar cómo la humanidad, en todas las épocas y culturas, se ha esforzado por aceptar la muerte. In many major cities, the ‘first’ nineteenth-century cemetery is increasingly the focus of cemetery tourism. This paper recognises ‘funerary heritage’ as an associated but separate development. It indicates that there can be an uneasy relationship between cemetery tourism and funerary heritage, in part resting on unwillingness directly to associate cemetery visits with death. Poorly framed cemetery tourism can actively undermine both the tangible and intangible heritage of cemeteries. Many cemeteries are still in use, and this paper regards these sites as ‘living heritage’. In these circumstances, interpretation should acknowledge the bereaved as relevant stakeholders; interpretation needs to be more confident in the ways in which it talks about the various aspects of mortality; foregrounding how the cemetery ‘works’ presents an under-explored narrative frame; and there is a need to be aware of the ways that interpretation can skew conservation effort. Ethical issues also pertain. Here it is suggested that, at the very least, that interpretation should demonstrate how –across all times and cultures– humanity has striven to come to terms with mortality.

Exiled from History: Africa in Hegel’s Academic Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 165-194
Author(s):  
Tom C. McCaskie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Academic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shadow Cast ◽  
To Come ◽  
African Intellectuals ◽  
Educational Formation

Abstract:Many scholars, African and otherwise, have excoriated G.W.F. Hegel for his dismissal of Africa from history and progress in his lectures on the philosophies of history and religion. This has been done by quoting his texts and setting his words in the context of his influence on nineteenth-century European imperialism and racism. A different approach informs this paper. I treat Hegel, a complicated person, as a working university academic with a career to make and an overriding desire to publicize his own thought. I provide biographical insights relevant to these matters, and go on to examine specific texts about Africa that Hegel either sought out or chanced upon, read, misread, excerpted, used, and misused in support of his theorizing and apriorism. Attention is paid throughout to the construction, recording, and dissemination of Hegel’s lectures, and to aspects of their reception and authority in the educational formation of selected modern African intellectuals. I argue that such persons and African studies more widely are still trying to come to grips with the long and enduring shadow cast by Hegel over both the past and present of the continent.

scholarly journals Kulturarv – et begreb til forhandling

1970 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Beate Knuth Federspiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Normative System ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Conservation ◽  
Cultural Heritage Preservation

The international organisations active in the field of cultural conservation represent the normative framework for the protection of culture and heritage. Within this administrative and legal system, ideas about the overall meaning of the cultural heritage preservation concept are created and disseminated, and these have implications for museums’ obligations (collection, recording, conservation, research and communication), which collectively can be seen as society’s overall effort to preserve cultural heritage. The subject of this article is to examine how cultural conservation efforts shift focus in step with changes in society’s overall understanding of the concept of cultural heritage – which by nature is the object of these conservation efforts. The most recent UNESCO conventions on culture (The Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage and The Convention for the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions) testify to a growing appreciation of the value of this overall concept, focusing on people, right down to individual level – whereas focus was previously on national unity and a shared ”story” as the identification markers. The situation may seem especially justified by the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage, in which the intangible is increasingly taken into account. This article highlights key concepts and the continuing debate about their importance in the normative system. The emphasis is on the increasing value attributed to the concept of heritage, and the distinction between tangible and intangible heritage. Against this background, possible consequences for the basic conservation effort are discussed, because this is the foundation of the fundamental idea of what a museum is, as well as justifying the normative system in the field of culture. 

Postpsychiatry and postmodern psychotherapy: Theoretical and ethical issues in mental health care in a Polish context

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Stupak ◽  
Krzysztof Dyga
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
To Come ◽  
Key Aspects

The article reconstructs postpsychiatry’s core propositions and briefly describes its theoretical background and assumptions. It also presents chosen aspects of postmodern psychotherapy, which seem to be in many ways similar to postpsychiatry’s ideas. Although they are drawn from different inspiration, postpsychiatry and postmodern psychotherapy seem to come to similar conclusions, especially regarding the role of the patient in the therapeutic process, the meaning of psychiatric diagnosis, and the importance of the institutional, cultural, and social contexts in mental health practice and research. The paper also aims to place postpsychiatry and postmodern psychotherapy in a Polish context, focusing on the ethical challenges faced by psychiatry and showing that some of postpsychiatry’s ideas and solutions to contemporary problems were already present in the Polish psychiatric literature of the 20th century. It also contains a brief description of the Polish social and historical context of psychiatry, as well as key aspects of the Polish legal system that relate to mental health and seem to reflect the nature of biomedical explanations of mental distress. It concludes that the model of psychiatric care postulated by “postmodern” approaches seems more ethical and scientifically and philosophically grounded and promises better treatment results than the “traditional” biomedical model.

The locomotive and the tree: industrial Pittsburgh's late nineteenth-century literary culture

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brianne Jaquette
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Carnegie Museum ◽  
Regional Literature ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Nineteenth Century American Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
To Come

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] In The Locomotive and the Tree, I challenge the popular myth that the city of Pittsburgh was devoid of literary culture prior to the construction of the Carnegie museum, library, and concert hall in 1895. Pittsburgh, in fact, had a robust and thriving culture in general and specifically a literary scene that was rooted in newspaper production and was invested in the industrial aspects of the city�s growth. Much of the literary material coming from Pittsburgh was nonfiction or poetry, and it was in these forms that writers in Pittsburgh were able to come to terms with the changes taking place in a rapidly industrializing city. In contrast to scholarship that has emphasized the role of regional literature in this time period, my project uses periodical and print culture studies to analyze the localized literary culture of Pittsburgh. Instead of looking broadly at national literary culture that was disseminated from the East Coast outward, I argue for the need for research that broadens the scope of late-nineteenth century American literature by examining smaller networks of print.

Little Shell II’s World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Richotte
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
Changing World

Chapter two describes the early treaty and social history that defined the political stakes for the Plains Ojibwe and Métis into the future. This discussion includes a number of various treaties and their contexts that eventually came to define the boundaries of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians. Focusing primarily on the middle third of the nineteenth century, this chapter also demonstrates the growing colonial impositions that Plains Ojibwe and Métis were beginning to face in a rapidly changing world. The political environment that set the stage for the rest of what was to come was built in this time.

Ireland: Realm of the Four Masters

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rowley-Conwy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Irish History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
To Come ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Or History

On 9 January 1843, Richard Griffith addressed the Royal Irish Academy (RIA) about some antiquities found in the River Shannon. The river was being dredged to render it navigable, and the artefacts were discovered during the deepening of the old ford at Keelogue. Griffith was the chairman of the Commissioners carrying out the work, and his expertise was in engineering rather than ancient history. He stated that the finds came from a layer of gravel; in its upper part were many bronze swords and spears, while a foot lower were numerous stone axes. Due to the rapidity of the river’s flow there was very little aggradation, so despite the small gap the bronze objects were substantially later than the stone ones. The river formed the border between the ancient kingdoms of Connaught and Leinster. The objects had apparently been lost in two battles for the ford that had taken place at widely differing dates; stressing that he was no expert himself, Mr Griffith wondered whether ancient Irish history might contain records of battles at this spot (Griffith 1844). This was probably the earliest non-funerary stratigraphic support for the Three Age System ever published, but it did not signal the acceptance of the Three Age System. Just as telling as Griffith’s stratigraphic observation was his immediate recourse to ancient history for an explanation; for, as we shall see, ancient history provided the dominant framework for the ancient Irish past until the end of the nineteenth century. The Irish had far more early manuscript sources than the Scots or the English, although wars and invasions had reduced them; the Welsh scholar Edward Lhwyd wrote from Sligo on 12 March 1700 to his colleague Henry Rowlands that ‘the Irish have many more ancient manuscripts than we in Wales; but since the late revolutions they are much lessened. I now and then pick up some very old parchment manuscripts; but they are hard to come by, and they that do anything understand them, value them as their lives’ (in Rowlands 1766: 315). In the seventeenth century various Irish scholars brought together the historical accounts available to them. Geoffrey Keating (Seathrú n Céitinn, in Irish) wrote the influential Foras Feasa ar Éirinn or ‘History of Ireland’ in c.1634, and an English translation was printed in 1723 (Waddell 2005).

Infinity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Mathematical Study ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Divine Perfection ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

The infinite is standardly conceived as that which is endless, unlimited, immeasurable. It also has theological connotations of absoluteness and perfection. From the dawn of civilization, it has held a special fascination: people have been captivated by the boundlessness of space and time, by the mystery of numbers going on forever, by the paradoxes of endless divisibility and by the riddles of divine perfection. The infinite is of profound importance to mathematics. Nevertheless, the relationship between the two has been a curiously ambivalent one. It is clear that mathematics in some sense presupposes the infinite, for instance in the fact that there is no largest integer. But the idea that the infinite should itself be an object of mathematical study has time and again been subjected to ridicule. In the nineteenth century this orthodoxy was challenged, with the advent of ‘transfinite arithmetic’. Many, however, have remained sceptical, believing that the infinite is inherently beyond our grasp. Perhaps their scepticism should be trained on the infinite itself: perhaps the concept is ultimately incoherent. It is certainly riddled with paradoxes. Yet we cannot simply jettison it. This is why the paradoxes are so acute. The roots of these paradoxes lie in our own finitude: it is self-conscious awareness of that finitude which gives us our initial sense of a contrasting infinite, and, at the same time, makes us despair of knowing anything about it, or having any kind of grasp of it. This creates a tension. We feel pressure to acknowledge the infinite, and we feel pressure not to. In trying to come to terms with the infinite, we are trying to come to terms with a basic conflict in ourselves.

scholarly journals Introduction: The Transformation of Petitioning in the Long Nineteenth Century (1780–1914)

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
New Type ◽  
To Come

This introductory essay, firstly, offers a comparative, historical perspective on the transformation of petitioning into a vehicle for mass popular politics across North America and Western Europe during the “long” nineteenth century (1780–1914). While petitions were well established as an instrument of state in many early modern states, from the late eighteenth century a new type of mass, public, collective petitioning, based on established or invoked rights, emerged on an unprecedented scale in many countries. Mass petitioning underpinned the nascent repertoires of collective action pioneered by social movements. At the same time, the reception of petitions was institutionalized by political authorities, particularly legislatures elected under limited suffrage, as a potential source of legitimation. Secondly, the introduction suggests why people petitioned, and continued to petition, when their campaigns were often unsuccessful in achieving immediate results. The answer lies in the manifold advantages of petitioning in enabling political organization, mobilization, identity formation, citizenship, political change, and the forming of networks with elite political actors. By shaping an emerging field examining petitioning and petitions, raising awareness of petitions as sources and the methodologies to exploit them, and addressing broad questions of interest to historians and social scientists, this special issue hopes to stimulate further research and contribute to a rich dialogue in the years to come.

Thinking About Difficulties: Using Poetry to Enhance Interpretative and Collaborative Skills in Healthcare Ethics Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-469
Author(s):  
AMY HADDAD
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Healthcare Ethics ◽  
Common View ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Working Together ◽  
To Come

AbstractViewing difficulty as an opportunity for learning runs counter to the common view of difficulty as a source of frustration and confusion. The aim of this article is to focus on the idea of difficulty as a stepping-off point for learning. The literature on difficulty in reading texts, and its impact on thinking and the interpretive process, serve as a foundation for the use of poetry in healthcare ethics education. Because of its complexity and strangeness compared to the usual scientific and clinical texts health science students encounter, poetry is an excellent means to achieve the aim of thinking through difficulties in ethics. Specific examples of teaching and learning strategies for turning difficulty into opportunities for learning are presented, including the difficulty paper and the triple mark-up method. Both methods require students to examine their process of working through difficulties, reflect on how they make sense of difficult texts and then share their process and interpretations in a collaborative manner with peers. The importance of framing difficulties as a public, visible, collaborative process rather than a personal process is emphasized. Working together to hypothesize reasons for difficulty and map out plans to come to terms with difficulty are equally relevant for reading text as they are for reading complex ethical situations. Finally, I argue that transference of this kind of personal and collaborative learning about difficulties benefits interprofessional clinical practice, particularly when dealing with ethical issues.

Traces of historical infinitive in English dialects and their Celtic connections

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
JUHANI KLEMOLA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Verbal Noun ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Base Form ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
To Come

A number of nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century dialect descriptions refer to an unusual adverb + infinitive construction in southwestern and west Midlands dialects of English. The construction is most often reported in the form of a formulaic phrase away to go, meaning ‘away he went’, though it is also found with a range of other adverbs. In addition, the same dialects also make use of a possibly related imperative construction, consisting of a preposition or adverb and a to-infinitive, as in out to come! ‘Come out!’ and a negative imperative construction consisting of the negator not and the base form of the verb, as in Not put no sugar in!. These construction types appear to be marginal at best in earlier varieties of English, whereas comparable constructions with the verbal noun are a well-established feature of especially British Celtic languages (i.e. Welsh, Breton, and Cornish). In this article I argue that transfer from the British Celtic languages offers a possible explanation for the use of these constructions in the traditional southwestern and west Midlands dialects of English.

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