scholarly journals Is the city the appropriate scale for participatory democracy? Some answers from Brazil

Politik ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sveinung Legard
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Community Associations ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

This study compares participatory budgeting at the city and state level in Brazil. It shows that, that even though the practice of participatory budgeting more closely resembles the ideals of participatory democracy at the city level, this does not mean that participatory democracy is impossible at larger scales. To the contrary, the difference between participatory budgeting at the city and state level is more a question of gradations than vast leaps of democratic merit. Furthermore, some of the features that are considered unique to the city – neighborhood-based community associations that mobilize and discuss with citizens in local public spheres – are also important in participatory budgeting at the state level. The experiences of participatory budgeting at the city and state level in Brazil suggest that it is wrong to overemphasize the uniqueness of the city and also to undervalue the special role the city might play in larger participatory processes.

scholarly journals Fire prediction for a non-sanitary landfill “Bubanj” in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1305
Author(s):  
Emina Mihajlovic ◽  
Lidija Milosevic ◽  
Jasmina Radosavljevic ◽  
Amelija Djordjevic ◽  
Ivan Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
The State ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Active Section ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

This paper reviews the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill near the City of Nis, Serbia, which has been used for 47 years and which is categorized as a non-sanitary landfill. We utilised the LandGEM 3.02 model, used for estimating landfill gas emission rates, to calculate the amount of landfill gases. Additionally, we measured the amount and composition of landfill gas in section S4 of the landfill from July 2014 to June 2015. We utilised the ALOHA software to estimate the fire-vulnerable zone. The results of our analysis show that the measured average methane emission is higher than the calculated emission. The difference between the measured average emission and calculated emission of methane is logical, as the measurements were performed in an active section, where methane emission higher than in inactive sections is to be expected. Based on the measured methane emissions during one year, we conclude that the methane emission drops as the ambient temperature drops. This paper showcases the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill, which is highly unsatisfactory in terms of environmental and fire protection because of landfill gas generation.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CONDITION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. Azimkhan ◽  
R.B. Sartova ◽  
А.К. Bakpayeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

This article has the aim to explore the policy of supporting of small and medium-sized businesses. Over the years, the independent states have managed the problems of the economy. The contribution of small businesses to the economy, the replenishment of revenue items in budgets of the different levels, and the creation of new jobs have become one of the decisive factors of the development in the states. Small and medium-sized businesses significantly contribute to the formation of the competitive environment and the establishment of market balance. Currently, small and medium-sized businesses represent fairly powerful social stratum of the society, real and serious economic force. At the present stage, the relationship between business and government has acquired the special role, improving the technology of their interaction; the problem of self-organization of the business community is relevant today as it was only few years ago. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the fundamental link that determines the state level of development in order to ensure sustainable economic growth. This sector of the economy has huge potential for solving many problems of the economic growth of the state, such as undeveloped competition, inefficient use of material and non-material resources, dependence of the domestic demand on imports, unemployment, poverty, etc. Issues of SMEs development in the Republic of Kazakhstan are among the most important and highest state level.

scholarly journals The constitution of the Russian Federation and constitutional identity in the context of global changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Vladimirovich Kirichek ◽  
Eduard Anatolievich Kononov ◽  
Golib Nurullo Kodirzoda
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Legal Identity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Constitutional Identity

Today we are witnesses and participants in a historic event that is very important for Russia – preparation and adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, reflecting both a legal identity and a vast long-term experience of the constitutional development of the Russian state with due consideration to the opinion of various strata of the population and extensive public discussion. Goal of the research is to show a special role of the Constitution of the Russian Federation from the position of its supremacy in combination with the doctrine of constitutional identity, which is essentially a trend of modern globalization processes, based on the analysis of doctrinal and practical issues, laws and regulations, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the European Court of Human Rights, and statistical data. The methodological basis of the research consists in the application of both general scientific and special methods developed in jurisprudence. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge played a special role: dialectical, historical, comparative law, statistical, logical, etc. A number of conclusions were drawn concerning, on the one hand, the development of a legal potential of the Constitution of the Russian Federation being a determining vector in preventing socio-political destabilization, and on the other hand, constitutional identity, in the broadest sense shown in the desire to know and formulate the own national, religious and other identities, to follow traditional family values, etc., and at the state level – prevention of violation of territorial integrity, state sovereignty, acknowledgement of constitutional and legal identity of the state.

scholarly journals Economic and innovative development of Russia and World: trends and landscape

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-584
Author(s):  
Irina V Gladysheva
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Leadership Analysis ◽  
Innovative Leadership ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main factors of innovative spatial development that affect the economy of Russia and the world. The purpose of the article is to identify trends in Russia’s innovative development and “new” aspirants for world innovative leadership. Analysis of differences in the state of spatial innovation development, including the identification of features and factors of influence on the economy, has made it possible to note the limitations of existing approaches for assessing the innovative development of countries, including Russia, and to propose an authorial approach to the formation of a model of the interconnection of modern markets. The author’s idea of the model of innovative development in the system of economic development of the country is presented in the form of a conceptual model for the formation of an innovative landscape in which a qualitative aspect of management plays a special role: defining the requirements for the innovative character of development management, using new ideas, technologies and management methods at the state level. The study of the new innovative landscape of Russia and other countries of the world, as a result of the assessment of spatial innovation development, suggests the definition of new solutions in the field of innovative development at the regional and world level.

Los referendos regional y local en el Estado Autonómico. Sus bases y límites constitucionales

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-138
Author(s):  
Antonio IBAÑEZ MACÍAS
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Organizational Autonomy

LABURPENA: Lan honetan, Espainiako estatu autonomikoan tokiko nahiz eskualdeko erreferendumak egiteko dauden aukerak eta mugak aztertzen dira. Erreferendumaren funtsezko alderdiei dagokienez, Konstituzio Auzitegiaren doktrinatik aldentzen diren ondorio batzuk aurkezten dira. Bereizketa zehatzagoa egiten da herri-galdeketaren (demokrazia parte-hartzaileko metodoa) eta erreferendumaren (demokrazia erdizuzeneko metodoa) artean. Tokiko eta eskualdeko erreferendumen oinarri konstituzionalak udalerrien eta autonomia-erkidegoen antolakuntzaren autonomian jasota daude. Eskualdeetako erreferendumari muga bat jartzen dio Konstituzioak, Estatuak baitu erreferendum bidezko herri galdeketen deialdia baimentzeko eskumena. Eta hori modu murriztailean interpretatu behar da. Beste muga bat ere badago: auzi publikoetan parte hartzeko funtsezko eskubidea garatzeko, lege organikoa behar da. Agindu hori ere modu murriztailean interpretatu behar da. Bestalde, tokiko erreferendumak muga konstituzional hauek ditu: Konstituzioaren 81.1 artikuluak agindutakoa, 23.1 artikuluarekin lotuta; tokiko araubidearen oinarriak arautzeko Estatuaren eskumena (Konstituzioaren 149.1.18 artikulua); eta tokiko araubideari buruzko eskumen autonomikoa. Horrez gain, Konstituzioak ez du finkatzen eskualdeko zein tokiko demokrazia erdizuzenaren eredurik; edonola ere, Estatu-ereduaren oso antzekoa da, legegileak hala nahi izan duelako. RESUMEN: En este trabajo se estudian las posibilidades y límites constitucionales del referéndum local y del referéndum regional en el Estado autonómico español. Se mantienen unas conclusiones que se apartan de doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional en sus aspectos esenciales. Se introduce una distinción más precisa entre consulta popular, como instituto de democracia participativa, y referéndum, como instituto de democracia semidirecta. Las bases constitucionales del referéndum local y regional están en la autonomía organizativa de los municipios y Comunidades Autónomas. El referéndum regional encuentra sus límites constitucionales en la competencia del Estado para autorizar la convocatoria de consultas populares por vía de referéndum, la cual debe ser interpretada de manera restrictiva. Otro límite es la habilitación a la ley orgánica para que desarrolle el derecho fundamental a participar en los asuntos públicos. Ese mandato también debe interpretarse de manera restrictiva. Por el contrario el referéndum local tiene los siguientes límites constitucionales: el mandato del artículo 81.1 CE, en relación con el art. 23.1; la competencia estatal para regular las bases del régimen local (art. 149.1.18 CE) y la competencia autonómica sobre régimen local. Por otro lado, la Constitución no predetermina el modelo de democracia semidirecta a nivel regional y a nivel local. Pero ese modelo ha resultado ser muy similar al estatal por voluntad del legislador. ABSTRACT: In this paper we study the constitutional possibilities and limits of local and regional referendums in the Spanish regional state. We keep conclusions that deviate from Constitutional Court doctrine in its essential aspects. We introduce a more precise distinction between popular consultation, as participatory democracy institute, and referendum, as semi-direct democracy institute. The constitutional bases of local and regional referendum are in the organizational autonomy of municipalities and autonomous regions. The regional referendum has constitutional limits on the power of the State to authorize the call for popular consultations through referendum, which must be interpreted strictly. Another limit is the empowerment of the organic Act to develop the fundamental right to participate in public affairs. That limit should also be interpreted restrictively. By contrast, the local referendum has the following constitutional limits: the empowerment of article 81.1 CE in conjunction with art. 23.1 CE, the state power to regulate the bases of local government (art. 149.1.18 EC) and the regional power on local government. Moreover, the Constitution does not predetermine the model of semi-direct democracy at regional and local level. But this model has proved to be very similar to the state level because the legislator so decided.

scholarly journals The Effect of Participatory Budgeting, Information Asymmetry, and Organizational Commitment on Budgetary Slack

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Rezza Arlinda Sarwendhi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

This study aims to analyze budgetary slack at the management level. This budgetary slack is viewed from several independent variables consisting of participatory budgeting, information asymmetry, and organizational commitment by making managers spread across the city of Surabaya as the research samples. Participatory budgeting is budgeting that involves all levels of personnel in preparing the budget. The opportunity for employees to participate in preparing the budget is closely related to the level of budgetary slack. Information asymmetry is the difference in information held between the principal and the agent. Organizational commitment can be interpreted as a situation where the executives stay in an organization where they work and are committed to their work. This study uses a quantitative approach involving multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that participatory budgeting has no effect on budgetary slack, while information asymmetry and organizational commitment have an effect on budgetary slack.

About the Dating of the Christianization of Caucasian Albania

2021 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Aleksan H. Hakobyan
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the issues of clarifying the Chronology of official Christianization of Caucasian Albania, which took place in the beginning of 4th century AD. The study of the information from the “Life of Gregory” (a variant of Agathangelos’ “History”), “Letter of Giut to Saint Vachē”, “Tale of Vachagan”, “History of Albania” by Movses Daskhurançi and other Armenian sources suggest that Christianity in the Albanian kingdom was officially adopted in 313 or 315 years. The king of the country then was the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Albania Vachagan I the Brave (but not his grandson Urnayr), and the king of Armenia was Tiridat III the Great, also Arsacid. As M.-L. Chaumont established in 1969, the latter, with the help of Gregory the Illuminator, adopted the Christian faith at the state level in June 311, two months after the publication of the Edict of Sardica “On Tolerance” by Emperor Galerius (293–311). In 313, after the appearance of the Edict of Milan, Tiridat attracted the younger allies of Armenia Iberia-Kartli, Albania-Aluank' and Lazika-Egerk' (Colchis) to the process of Christianization. In the first half of 315, Gregory the Illuminator baptized the Albanian king (who had arrived in Armenia) and ordained the first bishop Tovmas (the founder of the Albanian church, with the center in the capital Kapalak) for his country: he was from the city of Satala in Lesser Armenia. Probably, at the same stage, Christianization covered the whole of antique Albania, i.e. territory north of the Kura River, to the Caspian Sea and the Derbend Pass.

scholarly journals COVID-19 DEATH IN NOVI PAZAR - “SERBIAN BERGAMO”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jasmin Nurković
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Serbia was one of the countries in Europe and the world that were most affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. City Novi Pazar was the greatest coronavirus hotspot in Europe on July 1st, 2020, due to several hundred infected people. Even though united data was published at the state level, there is no data by region or city, so the interpretation of the COVID-19 epidemic in Serbia at the regional level is difficult. Different levels of health care and health education of citizens and the degree of respect for the proposed epidemiological measures have led to significant differences in the number of tests, a large number of infected, and several deaths by regions and cities. Insufficiently precise and up-to-date keeping of records and statistical data on COVID-19 at the state and local level also complicates the pandemic’s scientific and epidemiological analysis. Novi Pazar is a city in southwestern Serbia with a population of 100 000. It is similar in population to the city of Bergamo, in northern Italy in the Lombardy region. As of 1st of July, 2020, Novi Pazar had 300% higher mortality per 100 000 population compared to the same month last year, and almost ten times higher mortality than the rest of Serbia.

Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Janet Deppe ◽  
Marie Ireland
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Inspector General ◽  
Medical Necessity ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
School Based ◽  
Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

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