scholarly journals Transformation of agriculture in Czechia in the period 1990‑2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Antonín Vaishar ◽  
Milada Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Environmental Function ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Face ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
The Impact

This paper characterises the development of Czech agriculture in the 30 years since the change of political regime. It notes that, although ownership has changed, the structure of large farms has been maintained. There has been a reduction in livestock production in particular, which has disrupted the traditional relationship between the two principal agricultural activities. The number of workers in the primary sector has fallen very rapidly, to less than 6% now, even in rural areas. Therefore, the communities in the Czech countryside are no longer dependent on agriculture, whose role is increasingly shifting to landscape maintenance and non-productive activities. At present, subsidies under the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy are the main driver in Czech agriculture. In the face of current challenges, attention needs to be paid to the environmental function of agriculture, while the impact of agricultural jobs on rural development is negligible.

scholarly journals The Impact of RDP Measures on the Diversification of Agriculture and Rural Development—Seeking Additional Livelihoods: The Case of Poland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Mirosław Biczkowski ◽  
Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle ◽  
Roman Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main aim is to assess the measures implemented within the Rural Development Program (RDP) 2007–2013 in Poland. This programme is dedicated to the diversification of business activities in rural areas and rural livelihood and, thus, the improvement of the multifunctionality of rural areas. The analysis covered two measures from Axis 3, Improvement of the quality of life in rural areas and diversification of rural economy: M311, diversification into non-agricultural activities; and M312, Establishment and development of micro-enterprise. The study and the discussion are presented from a geographical perspective and, in a broader context, take into account several conditions (natural, urban, agricultural and historical) and the spatial diversity of the allocation of European Union (EU) funds. Models of a policy of multifunctional rural development, implemented after accession to the EU, are presented. The research’s spatial scope covers Poland’s territory on two spatial scales: the system of regions (16 NUTS2 units) and poviats (314 LAU level 1 units). The analysis covers all the projects implemented in Poland under the two measures of Axis 3 of the RDP 2007–2013. A set of conditions was prepared for all LAU1 units, forming the background for assessing the impact of the EU funds on the development of non-agricultural activities. To determine the relationship between the RDP measures and the selected groups of conditions, a synthetic index and a correlation index are used. They are also used to determine the mutual relations between the two analyzed activities in terms of the spatial scales used. Access to the EU funds (RDP) has considerably enlarged the opportunities for accelerating agricultural modernisation and restructuration towards multifunctional development, as well as the opportunities for implementing new development and work methods in the countryside in Poland. The attractiveness of the two studied RDP measures varied across regions. The beneficiaries’ activity depended on the local potential (resources), culture and tradition of the region, and size and potential of the farm. In the areas where agriculture is deeply rooted, beneficiaries were more willing to engage in ventures tapping into the resources available in their farms. Thus, they create additional livelihood of income and workplaces for household members. In turn, the beneficiaries from the areas where farms are smaller and economically weaker often undertake activities related to setting up a new business (outside farming).

MASTERY BELIEFS AND PRODUCTIVE LEISURE ACTIVITIES IN THE THIRD AGE

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Timmer ◽  
Marja Aartsen
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Third Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

In the present study we examined the associations between beliefs of mastery and 2 important kinds of productive activities in the third age: participation in education, and volunteering. Within the broad concept of mastery beliefs, differential aspects of self-regulatory cognitions were studied, that is, self-esteem, control beliefs, effort to complete behavior, persistence in the face of adversity, and willingness to initiate behavior. Effects of these aspects on carrying out activities were investigated and controlled for the impact of some situational and demographic factors. Findings suggest that a general sense of mastery, as reflected in self-esteem and control beliefs, is not a precondition for study and volunteering work in the third age. However, special components of self-efficacy turned out to play a part. Willingness to initiate behavior emerged as a strong predictor for taking on educational activities, as was persistence in the face of adversity for being active as a volunteer. In the discussion possibilities were looked at fpr how better to match productive activities in later life to personal dispositions.

The Demand for Special Education Teachers in Rural Schools Revisited: An Update on Progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Sindelar ◽  
Daisy J. Pua ◽  
Tiffany Fisher ◽  
David J. Peyton ◽  
Mary T. Brownell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Teacher Shortages ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Qualified Teacher ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

In this commentary, we revisit “NCLB and the Demand for Highly Qualified Teachers: Challenges and Solutions for Rural Schools,” an article we published in this journal in 2005. We consider the predictions we made then about the impact of the Highly Qualified Teacher mandate on special education teacher (SET) shortages in rural states and regions, acknowledging that we overlooked the diversity of rural areas and their differentiated needs in our original article. We then update strategies and programs for preparing, recruiting, and retaining SETs in rural schools and discuss the implications of the Every Student Succeeds Act, which has replaced the No Child Left Behind Act, for special education in rural areas. We note with optimism the resilience that rural areas have exhibited in the face of teacher shortages and see hope in recent technology applications and other context-based strategies.

scholarly journals Conservationist governmental technologies in the Western European mountains: the unfinished transformation of the Pyrenees

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ismael Vaccaro ◽  
Oriol Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
European Mountains ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, using a political ecology framework, we examine the impacts of statemaking technologies in several areas of the Pyrenean mountain range, Spain. We describe processes of governmental territorialization in a European, non-colonial setting, stressing their effect on the conceptualization and management of natural resources. Conservation policies are a traditional locus of political ecology: as public policies devoted to natural resource management they embody the interaction between politics and ecology. The article has several analytical goals: a) to shift the emphasis of the political ecological analysis from an explanation of territorialization based on the tension between the first and third world, towards the impact of the conflictive relationship between cities and rural areas, b) to highlight the resilience and creativity of local agency in the face of massive political disruption in the form of public policies, c) to point out to the emergence of European policies and the new leisure economies as key elements of the contemporary reconstruction of the Western mountains, and d) underscore the unfinished character, or the ongoing nature, of the described process of political negotiation of rights of access and control of natural resources.Key Words: political ecology; Pyrenees; conservation; territorial control

scholarly journals Impact of income diversification on rural livelihood in some selected areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakila Salam ◽  
Siegfried Bauer ◽  
Md Salauddin Palash
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Diverse set of income generating activities may have varying effect on household’s welfare situation. This study intends to assess the extent of different income diversification strategies on rural household welfare. A total sample of 153 households from three districts of Bangladesh was randomly selected. Considering simultaneous causality between different livelihood strategies and welfare indicators, the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods with instrumental variable was applied to estimate impact of the strategies on household welfare. Household per capita expenditure was treated as the welfare indicator which includes both food and non-food expenditures. The findings show that involving in any type of non-farm activities jointly with farming has a significantly positive effect on the household’s welfare. Among different non-farm activities, participation in wage employment and migration along with agricultural activities ensured significantly higher per capita household expenditure. On the other hand, the impact of currently participation in only agricultural activities on household expenditure is insignificant. Besides, Farm size, higher education and infrastructural facilities also play an important role in improving household’s welfare. Therefore, policy should be directed to create opportunities to participate in non-farm activities through establishment of small and medium industries, especially agro-based industries in the rural areas. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 73–79, March 2019

A Study on the Difference of Urban and Rural Resilience under Climate Change- A Case Study of Chiayi County

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-En Pai ◽  
Hsueh-Sheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

<p>In recent years, the impact of climate change has caused critical risks to urban and rural systems, how to mitigate the damage caused by extreme climate events has become a topic of considerable concern in various countries in recent years. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) mentioned in the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework) that improving community resilience will help to deal with the harm caused by climate change. However, most of the previous research on resilience have only focused solely on urban or rural only, and have failed to clearly identify the differences in resilience between urban and rural areas. In fact, if we can understand the difference in resilience between urban and rural in the face of climate change, it will provide planners with better planning strategies or resource allocation. Based on this, the study first developed the resilience index through literature review, and then filtered and screened the index through Principle Component Analysis (PCA). After that, the resilience index was applied to empirical areas, and the spatial correlation of resilience was explored through Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). Finally, the binary logistic regression is used to analyze the difference in resilience of urban or rural under climate change.</p>

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE FINANCED BY THE CAP AS A FACTOR OF MULTI-FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREAS – EXAMPLE OF THE KUYAVIAN-POMERANIAN PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Roman Rudnicki ◽  
Anna Dubownik
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Economic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article is to present the spatial differentiation of CAP funds directed to farms of Kuyavian- Pomeranian region in order to increase the level of their non-agricultural economic activity in the years 2003-2014. The analysis were focused to assess the impact of EU funds for multifunctional development of agriculture and rural areas. The indicators were used to illustrate the share of realized applications in the overall numbers of farms and households with income from non-agricultural activities. It has been shown that the higher level of indicators where in the municipalities of less urbanized areas, which should be considered as positive. Also, it has been demonstrated that the indicators were higher in municipalities with more favorable conditions for agricultural development, which must be regarded as potentially negative.

scholarly journals Impact of CAP’s pillars on Romanian rural employment

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vincze ◽  
Kinga Kerekes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to clarify the direction of change in rural employment on short- and medium term in Romania, while CAP regulations are being introduced and the global economic crisis emerges. First we put into evidence the decrease of the role of agriculture as buffer for unemployment and the poor contribution of non-agricultural activities to provide employment for rural residents.Then we analyse the main characteristics of the rural labour force. Finally we synthesize the opinions expressed by 33 consultants (working at the Offices for Agricultural Consultancy from different counties in Transylvania) about the estimated short term evolution of rural employment and the impact of CAP on Romanian rural areas.

scholarly journals The planned reform of the Common Agricultural Policy with particular reference to the direct support system

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Adrian Sadłowski
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Having evaluated the situation in agriculture and rural areas, and having assessed the significance of new external and internal conditions, the European Commission has decided to reform the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. This article presents the essence of the part of the reform plan which affects the direct support system. The author of the article also examines the impact of the reform on the system’s capacity to achieve the set goals, and on its efficiency. The research showed that the new legal framework proposed by the Commission would not directly improve the efficiency of the system, but the increased decision-making authority it grants to Member States provides an opportunity to reduce administrative outlays on the functioning of the scheme. Likewise, the effectiveness of a reformed direct support system in achieving the set goals will largely depend on decisions made by Member States, i.e. on the appropriate choice of instruments, and the accuracy of their form, as well as the equitable distribution of the available funds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document