scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT IN BELGRADE (SERBIA) USING A SIMPLE HEAT INDEX

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Lukić
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
Index Value

The main objective of this paper is to study the outdoor thermal comfort of the central urban zone ofBelgrade during summer season in order to examine how different bioclimatic conditions affect humanbody. For this purposes Humidex, a simple heat index was applied. The research involved analyzingdifferent Humidex values, the so-called “sub-indices” calculated based on hourly (7:00 and 14:00),mean daily and maximum values of meteorological parameters (air temperature and humidity) that wererecorded at the meteorological station Belgrade - Vračar.), for the period 1999-2018. Outdoor thermalcomfort in Belgrade is generally more adverse in July and August, resulting in most days belonging tothe categories of “some discomfort” (30-39) and “great discomfort” (40-44), with periodic recording ofthe most severe categories of heat stress, as a category “very dangerous”(Humidex>55). Category of“very dangerous” heat stress shows linear increase during July, with positive trend of 0.03 days/10years. The findings also show that from 1999 to 2018, mean index value gradually rose and values ofsub-indices Humidex14h and HumidexTmax have exceeded thresholds 40 for great discomfort and 45 fordangerous heat stress more often then in the previous decades.

scholarly journals Assessing The Thermal Comfort Conditions In Open Spaces: A Transversal Field Survey On The University Campus In India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) promotes the usage frequency of public places, recreational activities, and people's wellbeing. Despite the increased interest in OTC research in the past decade, less attention has been paid to OTC research in cold weather, especially in arid regions. The present study investigates the OTC conditions in open spaces at the campus area in the arid region. The study was conducted by using subjective surveys(questionnaire) and onsite monitoring (microclimate parameters). The study was conducted at the Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana-India campus during the cold season of 2019. The timings of surveys were between 9:00 and 17:00 hours. The authors processed the 185 valid questionnaire responses of the respondents to analyze OTC conditions. Only 8.6% of the respondents marked their perceived sensation "Neutral." Regression analysis was applied between respondents' thermal sensations and microclimate parameters to develop the empirical thermal sensation model. The air temperature was the most dominant parameter affecting the sensations of the respondents. The empirical model indicated that by increasing air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, the thermal sensations also increased while wind speed had an opposite effect. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was applied for assessing the OTC conditions; the neutral PET range was found to be 18.42-25.37°C with a neutral temperature of 21.89°C. The preferred temperature was 21.99 °C by applying Probit analysis. The study's findings could provide valuable information in designing and planning outdoor spaces for educational institutions in India's arid regions

Towards Pedestrian Microclimatic Comfort: A Rapid Predication Model for Street Winds and Pedestrian Thermal Sensation

Nano LIFE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1840006
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Mengnan Qi ◽  
Qiuhua Duan ◽  
Lei Huo ◽  
Julian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Significant changes in the urban built environment have occurred due to rapid urbanization and increases in the urban population. Such alterations may produce environmental health-related issues such as urban heat stress, air pollution and traffic noise. This research undertook a field study to collect data including urban design parameters, micro-environmental factors and city climatic information. This work was conducted over a two-year period on three pedestrian streets located in high-density urban areas in Beijing. These areas were selected in order to study the influences of urban street canyon texture within a particular geometric layout, wind flow corridors and variations in air temperature on pedestrian microclimatic comfort. The results will facilitate the work of urban planners by providing them with information for use in improving outdoor thermal comfort through their designs. A total of 60[Formula: see text]485 samples were organized into training, validation and test sets. We confirmed our hypothesis that internal wind speed ([Formula: see text] is attributable mainly to the urban texture coefficient ([Formula: see text], air temperature ([Formula: see text] and leading-in wind speed ([Formula: see text]. The model was tested using the test data collected onsite, which demonstrated a very accurate goodness-of-fit; the model achieved an R-squared value of 0.82, which meant that [Formula: see text] as a dependent variable was 82% correlated to the three predictors as independent variables. With this computer simulation, urban planners can now predict and visualize the impact of changes on the built environment in terms of either the direction of solar radiation received or increases in wind speed, in return for the desired thermal comfort level for residents of the neighborhood.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Heat Stroke Shield: An IoT based Solution for the Detection and Preliminary Treatment of Heat Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5576-5580
Author(s):  
S. Javed ◽  
S. Ghazala ◽  
U. Faseeha
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Body Parameter ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Index Value

Heat stroke is considered a major problem in Karachi, with a considerable number of people recorded as victims each year. The proposed Internet-of-Things (IoT) based heat stroke shield works under heat stroke conditions, depending on a heat index value (atmospheric temperature and humidity). The system comprises of a wristband, a hardware kit and an alert system which can pre-notify a wearer regarding his body parameter readings. Moreover, the system can also work as a problem solver, in heat stroke condition, by showering water on the victim. In both cases, an alert will also be generated to the wearer’s caretakers with his GPS location.

scholarly journals Sea Breeze Front and Outdoor Thermal Comfort during Summer in Northeastern Brazil

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Max Anjos ◽  
António Lopes ◽  
Andrews José de Lucena ◽  
Francisco Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Zones

Characterizing the behaviour of the sea breeze phenomenon is the foremost factor in the reduction in the heat stress and the achievement of the pleasant environment in coastal cities globally. However, this seminal study shows that the Sea Breeze Front (SBF) development can be related to an increase in outdoor thermal discomfort in a northeastern Brazilian city during summer. We explored the relationship between SBF and thermal comfort conditions using in situ meteorological observations, the SBF identification method, local climate zones (LCZs) classification, and the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) thermal comfort index. SBF days and Non-SBF days were characterized in terms of weather conditions, combining meteorological data and technical bulletins. SBF days included hot and sunny days associated with the centre of the Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices (UTCV). In contrast, Non-SBF days were observed in UTCV’s periphery because of cloudy sky and rainfall. The results showed that the mean temperature and PET in the SBF days were 2.0 °C and 3.8 °C higher, respectively, compared to Non-SBF days in all LCZ sites. The highest PET, of 40.0 °C, was found on SBF days. Our findings suggest that SBF development could be an aggravating factor for increasing heat stress of the people living in the northeastern coast of the Brazilian city, after SBF passage.

The heat is on: Observations and trends of heat stress metrics during Florida summers

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Key West ◽  
Outdoor Work ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Globe Temperature

Abstract Extreme heat is annually the deadliest weather hazard in the U.S. and is strongly amplified by climate change. In Florida, summer heat waves have increased in frequency and duration, exacerbating negative human health impacts on a state with a substantial older population and industries (e.g., agriculture) that require frequent outdoor work. However, the combined impacts of temperature and humidity (heat stress) have not been previously investigated. For eight Florida cities, this study constructs summer climatologies and trend analyses (1950–2020) of two heat stress metrics: heat index (HI) and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). While both incorporate temperature and humidity, WBGT also includes wind and solar radiation, and is a more comprehensive measure of heat stress on the human body. With minor exceptions, results show increases in average summer daily maximum, mean, and minimum HI and WBGT throughout Florida. Daily minimum HI and WBGT exhibit statistically significant increases at all eight stations, emphasizing a hazardous rise in nighttime heat stress. Corresponding to other recent studies, HI and WBGT increases are largest in coastal subtropical locations in Central and South Florida (i.e., Daytona Beach, Tampa, Miami, Key West), but exhibit no conclusive relationship with urbanization changes. Finally, danger (103–124°F) HI and high (> 88°F) WBGT summer days exhibit significant frequency increases across the state. Especially at coastal locations in the Florida Peninsula and Keys, danger HI and high WBGT days now account for > 20% of total summer days, emphasizing a substantial escalation in heat stress, particularly since 2000.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Oases Settlements

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elhadi Matallah ◽  
Djamel Alkama ◽  
Atef Ahriz ◽  
Shady Attia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Pet Index ◽  
Oasis Effect

Oases throughout the world have become important ecosystems to replenish food and water supplies. The Saharan Oases exist above the largest underground water supplies in the World. In North Africa, oases witness significantly growing populations in the oasis towns and receive thousands of tourists yearly. In oasis settlements, the majority of the population spends most of the time outdoors, in extremely hot conditions; however, few studies have investigated urban outdoor thermal comfort conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess thermal comfort in the Tolga Oasis Complex and test the validity of the ‘oasis effect’ concept. The methodology is based on comparative field measurement and calculation approaches in the heart of Tolga Palm Grove and in different urban settlements. Results indicate highest heat stress levels (Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index) in the oases Palm Grove in July, PET = 41.7 °C, and urban settlements, PET = 40.9 °C. Despite the significant difference between the old and new settlement fabrics, our measurements and calculation did not identify any noticeable variation of thermal comfort. Thus, the oasis effect on the outdoor thermal comfort was insignificant (during July and August 2018). Finally, the study discusses ways to improve outdoor spaces design and relieve heat stress in the settlements of Tolga.

scholarly journals Studi lapangan variabel iklim rumah vernakular pantai dan gunung dalam menciptakan kenyamanan termal adaptif

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Hermawan Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Microclimate Variables

Microclimate variables are one of the variables that affect adaptive thermal comfort. The microclimate variables are air temperature, solar radiation temperature, air humidity and wind speed. In this study the discussion of microclimate variables is specific to air temperature and air humidity. This is based on other studies which mention that the most influential climate variables are air temperature and humidity. This research is a field study that will compare air temperature and humidity in coastal and mountain areas. Measurements are carried out in 3 seasons, namely the dry season to rain, the rainy season and the rainy season to the dry season. Measurement of air and humidity temperature variables in two rooms in the building and outside space and terrace. The results of the study show that there are significant differences between coastal and mountain dwellings. This difference is related to adaptive thermal comfort through thermal sensation. Thermal sensation results show that the location of the mountain is that most residents feel cool, while at the beach location, the residents are mostly comfortable or neutral.

scholarly journals Ocena bioklimatycznych warunków rekreacji i turystyki w strefie polskiego Wybrzeża Bałtyku na podstawie wskaźnika UTCI = Assessment of bioclimatic conditions for recreation and tourism in the Polish Baltic coastal zone using the UTCI index

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czesław Koźmiński ◽  
Bożena Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Heat Loading ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
Recreation And Tourism

The quality of a given bioclimate is much affected by the atmospheric environment (taken to include solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and levels of atmospheric pollution), as well as by geographical factors relating to topography and cover, the drainage system and land use (Owczarek 2009, Czarnecka, Nidzgorska-Lencewicz 2010, Koźmiński, Michalska 2011, Owczarek 2012). Tourists staying in a coastal area must contend with considerable variability of weather from one day to another, or even hour by hour, in the cold half-year in particular. Changes of weather have a profound effect on the human organism, inter alia giving rise to migraines, sleep disturbances and hypersensitivity. The work described here sought to assess temporal (inter alia seasonal) and spatial variability to heat loading of the human organism characterising the Polish Baltic coastal zone, as well as the temperature of water by beaches. It was to achieve this kind of assessments of bioclimate and its impact on the human organism that the index known as the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) was devised, taking in air temperature, wind speed, air humidity and absorbed solar radiation (expressed as mean radiant temperature) (Błażejczyk & Kunert, 2011). This index represents objective changes in physiological parameters of the human organism occurring thanks to differing environmental conditions as determined in relation to a 10-point scale for heat loading of the human organism (°C) that translate into descriptive terms ranging from extreme heat stress to extreme cold stress. UTCI values referred to here were calculated using BioKlima 2.6 software - http://www.igipz.pan.pl/Bioklima-zgik.html. Six zones for the heat loading of the human organism found to be present along the Polish coast during the four seasons of the year were designated by summing the frequency of occurrence of days with a particularly stimulating effect, be this severe or very severe heat stress or severe, very severe or extreme cold stress. The UTCI-based analysis sustained conclusions as follows: - The Polish Baltic coast is found to be characterised by marked day-to-day variability in the heat loading of the human organism, particularly in the November-late May period, with the result being a significant “nuisance” represented for tourists. - Along the western part of the coast and in the area of the Bay of Puck, conditions thermoneutral for the human organism were found to dominate (accounting for more than 60% of the days in a month) over the whole period from May through to mid-October. In the case of the northern part of the coast from Darłowo to Łeba the same was found to be true of the period extending from June through to the middle ten-day period of September, creating conditions favourable for outdoor recreation. - The duration of the bathing season with mean monthly water temperatures ≥18°C is of approximately 45 days along the coast from Darłowo to Łeba, 46-50 days in the central part of the coast, 46-60 days in the area of the Bay of Gdańsk and 61-70 in the area of the Bay of Pomerania. In most years under analysis, there was no identification of a bathing season with mean monthly water temperature ≥18°C in the Kołobrzeg and Władysławowo areas. - The bioclimatic conditions most favourable for recreation and tourism were identified for the area of the Bay of Pomerania, followed by the Bay of Gdańsk. Less-favourable conditions characterise the central part of the coast, while the least favourable circumstances extend through the northern area from Darłowo to Łeba, in which the bioclimate’s stimulatory effect is strongest.- The high spatial variability characterising heat loading of the human organism that it proved possible to identify for the Polish coast offers the possibility of particular regions and seasons being selected for recreation, in relation to tourists’ health status and specific requirements.

scholarly journals RELASI KENYAMANAN TERMAL DAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK WARD DI WILAYAH TROPIS LEMBAP

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Yuyus Mulia ◽  
Tri Harso Karyono ◽  
Kamal A Arif
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Tropical Regions

<p>Penelitian kenyamanan termal pada  <em>ward</em>  (bangunan rawat inap rumah sakit) belum banyak dilakukan. Isu pokok penelitian ini  mencakup aspek kenyamanan termal dan aspek konsumsi energi listrik <em>ward</em> di wilayah tropis lembap. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkap relasi tingkat kenyamanan  termal dan tingkat konsumsi energi listrik <em>ward</em> di wilayah tropis lembap. Metoda penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel 11  unit <em>ward</em> (5 unit di dataran rendah/ wilayah Cirebon dan 6  unit di dataran tinggi/ wilayah Bandung – Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia); jumlah responden 1099 orang (500 orang berada di kelompok <em>ward</em> dataran rendah, dan 599 orang di kelompok <em>ward</em> dataran tinggi).  Peralatan yang digunakan untuk mendata kondisi parameter iklim dan pilihan sensasi termal pengguna <em>ward</em> adalah pengukur dan perekam digital <em>Heat Index WBGT Meter-Model WBGT-2010SD ex Lutron</em> dan <em>Anemometer-Model AM-4222 ex Lutron</em>, serta formulir survey. Uji statistik dan analisa regresi linier terhadap data yang diperoleh, menunjukkan hasil: pada <em>ward</em> dataran rendah dengan temperatur udara lingkungan berkisar 23.4 – 37.2°C;  tingkat  kenyamanan termalnya 29.2°C dan  tingkat konsumsi energi listriknya berkisar 62 kWh/m2/th. Sementara pada <em>ward</em> dataran tinggi dengan  temperatur udara lingkungan berkisar 18.4 – 32.2°C;  tingkat kenyamanan termalnya 27.4°C dan tingkat konsumsi energi listriknya berkisar 49 kWh/m2/th.  Kesimpulan; pada <em>ward</em> di wilayah tropis lembap ditemukan adanya fakta relasi sebagai berikut: semakin tinggi temperatur udara lingkungannya,  semakin tinggi tingkat kenyamanan termalnya, dan semakin tinggi pula jumlah konsumsi energi listriknya.</p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci: Kenyamanan termal, konsumsi energi listrik, ward, tropis lembab</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Research on thermal comfort in the ward (hospital inpatient building) has not been widely carried out. The main issues of this study include aspects of thermal comfort and aspects of ward electrical energy consumption in humid tropical regions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relation between thermal comfort level and ward electrical energy consumption level in humid tropical regions. This research method is quantitative with a sample of 11 ward units (5 units in the lowland / Cirebon region and 6 units in the highlands / Bandung area - West Java Province, Indonesia); the number of respondents is 1099 people (500 people are in the lowland ward group, and 599 people in the highland ward group). The equipment used to record climate parameter conditions and the choice of thermal sensations for ward users is the WBGT-2010SD Model Heat Index WBGT Meter and digital recorder ex Lutron and Anemometer-Model AM-4222 ex Lutron, as well as survey forms. Statistical tests and linear regression analysis of the data obtained showed results: in the lowland ward with ambient air temperature ranging from 23.4 - 37.2 ° C; the lowest level of comfort is 29.2 ° C and the level of electricity consumption is around 62 kWh / m2 / year. While in the highland ward with environmental air temperatures ranging from 18.4 - 32.2 ° C; the lowest level of comfort is 27.4 ° C and the level of electricity consumption is around 49 kWh / m2 / year. Conclusion; In the ward in the humid tropics, the facts of the relationship are as follows: the higher the air temperature of the environment, the higher the level of thermal comfort, and the higher the amount of electricity consumption.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: thermal comfort, electrical energy consumption, ward, humid tropical</p>

scholarly journals Konsep Smart Building Pada Kenyamanan Termal di Laboratorium Teknik

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Anastasia Febiyani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Predicted Mean Vote ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Room Condition ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Heat Stress Index

Engineering Laboratory is a place where students can learn the theory and then practicing of machines operate. Teaching room should be made as comfortabel as possible so can improve students. Room condition whereas there are practicum machines makes the room hotter.. Inadequate room capacity makes students uncomfortabel with the conditions of the practicum. The focus in this study is to examine the thermal comfort obtained by students, measurements of temperature and humidity. The method used to calculate the temperature index by calculating the Predicted Mean Vote Index (PMV), Predicted Dissatisfied (PPD), and Heat Stress Index (HSI). Result for This calculation is then used as a reference in the improvement analysis. The results obtained from the PMV calculation are 2.11 PPD 81.67%. This calculation used as a reference in the improvement analysis.

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