Polyphenolic Content and Biological Activities of Post-Distillation Waste of Three Sage Species from the Republic of Macedonia

This research was aimed at investigating polyphenolic content, antioxidant and anti-neurodegenerative activities of post-distillation waste extracts of Macedonian Salvia amplexicaulis, S. jurisicii and S. ringens, for the first time. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied in a broad range (3.92-146.49 mg GAE/g and 7.11-67.51 mg QE/g, respectively), with the highest values obtained for S. amplexicaulis and S. ringens extracts. Certain S. amplexicaulis and S. ringens extracts neutralized more than 80% of DPPH radicals at the highest concentration, while S. amplexicaulis extracts showed up to ≈50% inhibition of β-carotene oxidation in β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. Post-distillation waste extracts inhibited acetylcholinesterase (25.94-38.15%) and tyrosinase (18.84-59.52%), with the strongest inhibition of S. amplexicaulis extracts. The obtained results suggest that post-distillation waste of tested species, especially of S. amplexicaulis, show antioxidant and anti-neurodegenerative activities and could be considered as potential raw material rich in polyphenols.

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Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and biological activities of Cachrys cristata DC. extracts

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1403117m ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 1117-1123

Author(s):

Jelena Matejic ◽

Ana Dzamic ◽

Tatjana Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Vladimir Randjelovic ◽

Ksenija Mileski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Potential Source ◽

Dilution Assay ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

The total phenolic/flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential of the methanol, ethyl-acetate, acetone and water extracts obtained from the aerial parts and fruits of Cachrys cristata DC.(Apiaceae) were compared. The total phenolic contents of the tested extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu?s reagent. The amounts per g of dry plant extract of gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Qu) ranged between 22.60-166.97 mg, and 8.91-46.02 mg, respectively. The antioxidant activity, expressed as IC50, ranged from 1.784-17.621 mg/mL and from 1.01-3.42 mg L(+)-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)/g when tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated by the microwell dilution assay, for the most common human gastrointestinal pathogenic bacterial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC15313, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The results indicate that C. cristata can be regarded as a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

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Cecropia pachystachya Leaves Present Potential to Be Used as New Ingredient for Antiaging Dermocosmetics

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/8263934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Maria Fernanda Fernandes ◽

Jessica Leiras Mota Conegundes ◽

Nícolas de Castro Campos Pinto ◽

Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira ◽

Jair Adriano Kopke de Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Hek 293 ◽

Human Embryonic Kidney Cells ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

First Time

Several biological activities have been reported for leaf extracts of Cecropia pachystachya species, including antioxidant and wound healing activities. This study aims to report, for the first time, the antiaging potential of the hydroethanolic (HE) and the ethanolic (EE) extracts obtained from the leaves of C. pachystachya using different in vitro assays. Both HE and EE presented relevant antioxidant capacity in different models, including phosphomolybdenum, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Their ability to prevent the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was also evaluated, and both extracts showed important activity, especially HE. The extracts also stimulated the fibroblasts proliferation in vitro, specialized cells that produce several mediators which maintain the skin integrity and youthfulness. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was not observed for this lineage or HEK-293, human embryonic kidney cells widely used to evaluate cytotoxicity of chemical compounds. HE also exhibited the ability to inhibit the collagenase (metalloproteinase MMP-2) and elastase activities. The total phenolic and flavonoids contents were also determined. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the flavonoids orientin and iso-orientin, which were quantified to be used as chemical markers. The results suggested that the extracts of C. pachystachya leaves present the potential to be used in dermocosmetic formulations to prevent the skin aging process, which attracts the attention of pharmaceutical companies and researchers interested in the development of novel ingredients likely to be used as active principles in antiaging products.

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Phenolic Compounds from An Algerian Endemic Species of Hypochaeris laevigata var. hipponensis and Investigation of Antioxidant Activities

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9040514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 514 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nabila Souilah ◽

Zain Ullah ◽

Hamdi Bendif ◽

Kamel Medjroubi ◽

Tahar Hazmoune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Action ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

First Time ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Hypochaeris laevigata var. hipponensis (Asteraceae) is an endemic plant from Algeria. In the current study, we analyzed for the first time its chemical composition, especially phenolic constituents of dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and n-butanol (BuOH) fractionsof the aerial parts of Hypochaeris laevigata var. hipponensis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The number of phenolic compounds detected in DCM, EA, and BuOH fractions were found to be 9, 20, and 15, respectively. More specifically, 12 phenolic acids were detected. Among them, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were the most abundant ones. Meanwhile, only seven flavonoids were detected. Among them, rutin, apigetrin, and isoquercitrin were the major ones. We also determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and fraction EA showed the highest values, followed by BuOH, and DCM fractions. Furthermore, the antioxidant action was dictated by five methods and the tested plant fractions demonstrated a noteworthy antioxidant action.

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Flavonoid Profiles of Two New Approved Romanian Ocimum Hybrids

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25194573 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 4573

Author(s):

Fanica Balanescu ◽

Maria Daniela Ionica Mihaila ◽

Geta Cârâc ◽

Bianca Furdui ◽

Costel Vînătoru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

First Time ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Basil (Ocimum spp.) is a traditional herbal medicine abundant in antioxidants such as phenolic compounds. As part of a diet, this herb is proved to have some roles in decreasing the risk of cancer, and in the treatment of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to explore the total phenolic and flavonoid content of two new basil hybrids growing in Romania, namely “Aromat de Buzau” (AB) and “Macedon” (MB). The antioxidant capacity of those two species was also analyzed by DPPH and cyclic voltammetry. Six different flavonoids, such as catechin (+), rutin, hyperoside, naringin, naringenin, and genistein, were separated, identified, and quantified by HPLC–DAD chromatography, for the first time, from romanian basil hybrids. The main flavonoid of the extracts was found to be naringin which is present in the highest amount (26.18 mg/kg) in “Aromat de Buzau” (O. basilicum) methanolic extract. These results suggest that dietary intake of these new hybrids can be a source of antioxidant compounds.

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Rindera graeca (Boraginaceae) Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25163625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 3625

Author(s):

Christos Ganos ◽

Nektarios Aligiannis ◽

Ioanna Chinou ◽

Nikolaos Naziris ◽

Maria Chountoulesi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Membrane ◽

3D Structure ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Potential Applications ◽

First Time

Rindera graeca is a Greek endemic plant of the Boraginaceae family which has never been studied before. Consequently, this study attempted to phytochemically examine the aerial parts of this species. Nine phenolic secondary metabolites were identified, consisting of seven caffeic acid derivatives and two flavonol glucosides, namely rutin and quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside. These flavonoids, together with rosmarinic acid, were isolated via column chromatography and structurally determined through spectral analysis. Quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside is an unusual triglycoside, which is identified for the first time in Rindera genus and among Boraginaceae plants. This metabolite was further examined with thermal analysis and its 3D structure was simulated, revealing some intriguing information on its interaction with biological membrane models, which might have potential applications in microcirculation-related conditions. R. graeca was also analyzed for its pyrrolizidine alkaloids content, and it was found to contain echinatine together with echinatine N-oxide and rinderine N-oxide. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of R. graeca methanol extract were determined, along with free radical inhibition assays. High total phenolic content and almost complete inhibition at experimental doses at the free radical assays indicate a potent antioxidant profile for this plant. Overall, through phytochemical analysis and biological activity assays, insight was gained on an endemic Greek species of the little-studied Rindera genus, while its potential for further applications has been assessed.

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Cornus mas L. Stones: A Valuable by-Product as an Ellagitannin Source with High Antioxidant Potential

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25204646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (20) ◽

pp. 4646

Author(s):

Dominika Przybylska ◽

Alicja Z. Kucharska ◽

Iwona Cybulska ◽

Tomasz Sozański ◽

Narcyz Piórecki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Hydrolyzable Tannins ◽

Cornus Mas ◽

Fruit Processing ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Polyphenolic Content ◽

First Time

The stone of Cornus mas L. remains the least known morphological part of this plant, whereas the fruit is appreciated for both consumption purposes and biological activity. The stone is considered to be a byproduct of fruit processing and very little is known about its phytochemical composition and biological properties. In this study, the complete qualitative determination of hydrolyzable tannins, their quantitative analysis, total polyphenolic content, and antioxidant properties of the stone of C. mas are presented for the first time. The 37 identified compounds included the following: various gallotannins (11), monomeric ellagitannins (7), dimeric ellagitannins (10), and trimeric ellagitannins (7). The presence of free gallic acid and ellagic acid was also reported. Our results demonstrate that C. mas stone is a source of various bioactive hydrolyzable tannins and shows high antioxidant activity which could allow potential utilization of this raw material for recovery of valuable pharmaceutical or nutraceutical substances. The principal novelty of our findings is that hydrolyzable tannins, unlike other polyphenols, have been earlier omitted in the evaluation of the biological activities of C. mas. Additionally, the potential recovery of these bioactive chemicals from the byproduct is in line with the ideas of green chemistry and sustainable production.

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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Whole Parts of Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315510666191218094623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 642-654

Author(s):

Wassila Benchadi ◽

Hamada Haba ◽

Emerson Ferreira Queiroz ◽

Laurence Marcourt ◽

Jean-Luc Wolfender ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

First Time ◽

Β Carotene

Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine the phytochemical components and the biological activities of the whole parts of Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam. growing in Algeria. Methods: The structures of the isolated compounds 1-15 were elucidated using different spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature data. The biological evaluation of the plant was determined by the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The antioxidant activity of various extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) and some isolated flavonoids was assessed by using five different test systems, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2’- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), superoxide alkaline DMSO, and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation was measured for all extracts. Results: Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Onobrychis crista- galli led to the isolation for the first time of fifteen known compounds. The present study reports for the first time the isolation and identification of fifteen known compounds from this species. The ethyl acetate extract had rich phenolic content indicating (31.09 ± 0.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of fresh weight), while n-butanol extract displayed a high content in flavonoid compounds (60.70±0.7 mg quercetin equivalents/ g of fresh weight). This investigation indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of O. crista-galli showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50= 17.13±0.51 μg/mL, DPPH), (IC50= 82.99±2.50 μg/mL, ABTS), and (A0.50= 94.67±0.41 μg/mL, CUPRAC), (IC50= 97.09±2.20 μg/mL, DMSO), (IC50: 36.73±1.17 μg/mL, β-carotene/linoleic acid). Furthermore, the compound luteolin 5-methyl ether (14) exhibited a good antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50= 06.05 ± 0.15 μg /mL) and CUPRAC (A0.5= 12.57 ± 0.34 μg /mL) assays. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and nbutanol extracts of O. crista-galli evidenced a good to moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The extracts of the whole plant of O. crista-galli (L.) Lam. showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

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In vitro Bioactivity of Essential Oils and Methanol Extracts of Salvia reuterana from Iran

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200700527 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200700

Author(s):

Javad Safaei Ghomi ◽

Reihaneh Masoomi ◽

Fereshteh Jookar Kashi ◽

Hossein Batooli

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Β Carotene

The chemical composition of the essential oils, antioxidant activity (DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays) and total phenolic content (Foline-Ciocalteu) of the flowers and leaves of Salvia reuterana were determined. Essential oils extracted from the flowers and leaves by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-four constituents, representing 99.7-99.9% of the oils, were identified. The major components were germacrene D, benzoic acid hexyl ester, bicyclogermacrene, β-gurjunene and ishwarene, constituting 33.7-31.9% of the oils. The highest radical-scavenging activity (DPPH test) was shown by the methanol extract of the flowers (IC50=77.6 μg/mL). In the β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, the methanol extract of the leaves showed the highest inhibition (40.3%) which was only slightly lower than that shown by BHT (82.9%). The total phenolic contents of the methanol extracts of the flowers and leaves as gallic acid equivalents were 81.4 and 88.3 μg/mg, respectively. The plant also showed good antimicrobial activity against three strains of tested microorganisms.

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Comparing Metabolites and Functional Properties of Various Tomatoes Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Approach

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.659646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ha In Mun ◽

Min Cheol Kwon ◽

Na-Rae Lee ◽

Su Young Son ◽

Da Hye Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Flux ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Primary Metabolite ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Metabolic Flux Distribution ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Β Carotene

Tomato is one of the world's most consumed vegetables, and thus, various cultivars have been developed. Therefore, metabolic differences and nutrient contents of various tomatoes need to be discovered. To do so, we performed metabolite profiling along with evaluation of morphological and physicochemical properties of five representative tomato types. Common tomato cultivars, bigger and heavier than other tomatoes, contained higher levels of amino acids, organic acids, and lipids. On the contrary, cherry tomato cultivars contained a higher proportion of phenylpropanoids, lycopene, β-carotene, and α-carotene than the other tomatoes. Also, the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in cherry tomato cultivars. Furthermore, to understand metabolic distributions in various tomato cultivars, we constructed a metabolic pathway map. The higher metabolic flux distribution of most primary metabolite synthetic pathways was observed in common tomatoes, while cherry tomato cultivars showed a significantly elevated flux in secondary metabolite synthetic pathways. Accordingly, these results provide valuable information of different characteristics in various tomatoes, which can be considered while purchasing and improving tomato cultivars.

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Јазичната политика во Република Македонија – меѓу законската регулатива и практиката

Slavia Meridionalis ◽

10.11649/sm.2012.013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 223-234

Author(s):

Симона [Simona] Груевска-Маџоска [Gruevska-Madžoska]

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Official Language ◽

World War ◽

Framework Agreement ◽

Republic Of Macedonia ◽

Core Subjects ◽

The Status ◽

The Republic ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

First Time

Language policy in the Republic of Macedonia – between legislation and practice The question about the status of the Macedonian language manifests itself for the first time in the 19th century, but its resolution starts with the codification of the Macedonian language after World War II. The Macedonian language is then declared as an official language in the Macedonian republic and equal amongst the other languages in SFR Yugoslavia. However, the official language in SFR Yugoslavia (the language of international communication, military dealings, one of the core subjects in all elementary schools etc.) was the Serbo‑Croatian language. With the formation of an independent Republic of Macedonia, the Macedonian language became the only official language until the peace deal Ohrid Framework Agreement was signed, when the language of the largest ethnic minority – the Albanian language – gains the status of an official language. The issue of interest of this article is whether the Macedonian language has changed its status and to what extent, what are the terms of legislation for it and the real situation in which it is found in the Republic of Macedonia. Polityka językowa w Republice Macedonii – między ustawodawstwem a praktyką Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniom związanym ze zmianą statusu języka macedońskiego, jego stanem prawnym i faktyczną sytuacją językową w Republice Macedonii.Kwestia statusu języka macedońskiego pojawiła się po raz pierwszy w XIX wieku, lecz jej właściwe rozwiązanie nastąpiło wraz z kodyfikacją języka literackiego po II wojnie światowej. Wówczas język macedoński został uznany za oficjalny w Socjalistycznej Republice Macedonii i równouprawniony z pozostałymi językami w SFR Jugosławii, przy czym językiem oficjalnym federacyjnego państwa był serbskochorwacki/chorwackoserbski (jako język komunikacji międzynarodowej, język armii i przedmiot obowiązkowego nauczania w szkole podstawowej itd.).Z chwilą ukonstytuowania się Republiki Macedonii jako niezależnego państwa język macedoński został jedynym językiem oficjalnym, sytuacja taka trwała aż do podpisania umowy w Ochrydzie (Ohridskiot ramoven dogovor), kiedy to także albański – jako język największej mniejszości etnicznej w kraju – zyskał status języka oficjalnego.

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