scholarly journals The loss of foundation species revisited

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson Degrassi ◽  
Steven T Brantley ◽  
Carrie R. Levine ◽  
Robert Miller ◽  
Jacqueline Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Regional Abundance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Associated Species

Ecologists and environmental scientists often prioritize research efforts with conservation importance. Dominant, widespread, or locally abundant species at low risk of extinction receive relatively little attention unless they are invasive. Native foundation species create habitats and environmental conditions that support many associated species and modulate local-scale ecosystem processes, but the generally high local or regional abundance of foundation species may lead to less research about them. We used citation analysis (2005-2014) to examine research following from a suggestion to identify and study foundation species while they were still common and not threatened. We explored the use and expanding definition of the foundation species concept, as well as the trajectory and ecological focus of research on foundation species throughout the world in 378 papers published in this nine-year span. Contemporary authors who cite key papers defining a foundation species pay little attention to its actual definition and species studied in this context rarely were identified as foundation species. Although functions and roles of foundation species, such as creating unique microclimates or supporting dependent species, are being studied, less research is focused on identifying them before they are threatened or lost from the ecosystem that they otherwise define. Invasive species were identified as the most common threat to foundation species. Our citation analysis and synthesis provides a new conceptual framework linking identification of and research about foundation species with their functional roles and our ability to manage emerging threats to them.

scholarly journals The loss of foundation species revisited

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson Degrassi ◽  
Steven T Brantley ◽  
Carrie R. Levine ◽  
Robert Miller ◽  
Jacqueline Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Regional Abundance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Associated Species

Ecologists and environmental scientists often prioritize research efforts with conservation importance. Dominant, widespread, or locally abundant species at low risk of extinction receive relatively little attention unless they are invasive. Native foundation species create habitats and environmental conditions that support many associated species and modulate local-scale ecosystem processes, but the generally high local or regional abundance of foundation species may lead to less research about them. We used citation analysis (2005-2014) to examine research following from a suggestion to identify and study foundation species while they were still common and not threatened. We explored the use and expanding definition of the foundation species concept, as well as the trajectory and ecological focus of research on foundation species throughout the world in 378 papers published in this nine-year span. Contemporary authors who cite key papers defining a foundation species pay little attention to its actual definition and species studied in this context rarely were identified as foundation species. Although functions and roles of foundation species, such as creating unique microclimates or supporting dependent species, are being studied, less research is focused on identifying them before they are threatened or lost from the ecosystem that they otherwise define. Invasive species were identified as the most common threat to foundation species. Our citation analysis and synthesis provides a new conceptual framework linking identification of and research about foundation species with their functional roles and our ability to manage emerging threats to them.

Principles of economic security management of institutions of higher education

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tsymbalenko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

The subject of research-theoretical concepts of economic security managementof universities. The purpose of the article. The study of the essence of the economicsecurity management system of the university and the definition of its main tasks,the formulation of principles of economic security management of the university.Methodology. The dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, methodsof structural-logical and semantic analysis were used to study and summarizescientific papers on the research topic. The results of the work. The essence of theuniversity’s economic security management system has been reviewed. The maintasks of the control system have been identified. A definition of the university’seconomic security system has been proposed. Principles of management of economicsecurity of the university have been formulated. These are: scientific andorganizational and social principles. Conclusions. The proposed principles allow totake into account the economic role and social mission of universities in managingeconomic security.

Opportunities for improving the insider laws: A comparative analysis of the practice in the USA and Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-814
Author(s):  
E.K. Ovakimyan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Market Manipulation ◽  
Insider Information ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legislative Perfection ◽  
Definition Of

Subject. The article examines the laws regulating insider trading. Objectives. The study outlines recommendations for refining Law On Countering the Illegal Use of Insider Information and Market Manipulation and Amendments to Some Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation, № 224-ФЗ of July 27, 2010. Methods. The methodological framework includes a general dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deductions, and some specific methods, such as comparative and formal logic analysis to specify the definition of insider information, structural logic and functional analysis to improve the mechanism for countering insider trading and market manipulation. Results. We discovered key drawbacks to be addressed so as to improve the business environment in Russia. Although the Russia laws mainly mirror the U.S. laws, they present a more extended list of terms concerning the insider information. I believe the legislative perfection should be continued. Conclusions and Relevance. The study helps apply the findings to outline a new legislative regulation or amend the existing ones, add a new mention on the course of financial markets to students’ books, develop new methods for detecting and countering and improving the existing ones. If all parties to insider relationships use the findings, they will prevent insider trading crimes in financial markets and (or) reduce the negative impact of such crimes on the parties.

Developing capital accounting practices in the integrated reporting system of agricultural organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-921
Author(s):  
R.A. Alborov ◽  
S.M. Kontsevaya ◽  
S.V. Kozmenkova
Keyword(s):  
Original Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Subject. This article deals with the theory-and practice-relevant issues of classification and content definition of different types of capital used as sources of operations financing, and recommendations for developing their accounting in agricultural organizations. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and methodological aspects of capital accounting development to generate information on value reserve and creation of value as new in the organization's integrated reporting. The article also aims to define the classification and content of capital types as sources of financing for the organization's activities and develop recommendations for developing the accounting of the availability, increase, reduction or transformation of the relevant types of capital in the organization's business activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison. The scientific works of domestic specialists and regulations, including the International Standard on Integrated Reporting (IR) are the methodological basis of this work. Results. The article defines conceptual provisions and offers practical recommendations on the set-up and development of capital flow accounting in the corporate governance system of the agricultural organization. It clarifies the classification and economic content of capital as a source of funding for the organization's reproduction activities. The article also offers an original method of accounting for the value reserve (balances) and capital changes. Conclusions and Relevance. The practical application of the developed recommendations for value accounting and capital changes will help generate all the necessary information in the integrated reporting of the agricultural organization to assess its reserves of value, create value as new, economic, environmental, and social efficiency of the organization's activities. The results of the study can be used to develop the theory, methodology and techniques of accounting of capital types as sources of financing of value creation as a result of the agricultural organization's business activities.

scholarly journals Species functional traits and abundance as drivers of multiplex ecological networks: first empirical quantification of inter-layer edge weights

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1939) ◽  
pp. 20202127
Author(s):  
S. Hervías-Parejo ◽  
C. Tur ◽  
R. Heleno ◽  
M. Nogales ◽  
S. Timóteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Traits ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Multilayer Network ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Natural Communities

Many vertebrate species act as both plant pollinators and seed-dispersers, thus interconnecting these processes, particularly on islands. Ecological multilayer networks are a powerful tool to explore interdependencies between processes; however, quantifying the links between species engaging in different types of interactions (i.e. inter-layer edges) remains a great challenge. Here, we empirically measured inter-layer edge weights by quantifying the role of individually marked birds as both pollinators and seed-dispersers of Galápagos plant species over an entire year. Although most species (80%) engaged in both functions, we show that only a small proportion of individuals actually linked the two processes, highlighting the need to further consider intra-specific variability in individuals' functional roles. Furthermore, we found a high variation among species in linking both processes, i.e. some species contribute more than others to the modular organization of the multilayer network. Small and abundant species are particularly important for the cohesion of pollinator seed-dispersal networks, demonstrating the interplay between species traits and neutral processes structuring natural communities.

METHODICAL BASES OF AN ESTIMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USING EFFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Mikhailo KOBCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Land Using

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to define methodological grounds of assessment of agricultural land using efficiency. The article is devoted to definition of the indicators system of land using efficiency. Methods of research. The solution of the tasks in the article is carried out with the help of such scientific and special research methods as: analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, the dialectical approach. Results. The structural balance between cost of land and production resources has been investigated, which leads to the need of many alternatives for the purpose and use of the respective territories on the basis of the modern system of land using efficiency assessment when determining the benefits of land resources using for agricultural production. Originality. It has been proved that to create and enforce a uniform indicators system of land using efficiency is necessary to determine all the factors that affect land use, to reflect the degree and type of each factor influence using the indicators of efficiency of the land use. Indicators of economic efficiency of land using and the intensity of land use are systemized. Practical importance. The methodical approach of agricultural lands using evaluation in the following areas has been justifed in the article: completeness of land use, rational land use, the level of land use intensity, efficient land use. The methodical approach has been presented to the calculation of potential losses from specific land uses in specific circumstances. It is proposed to assess the land using efficiency on the basis of indicators calculations of environmental and economic damage. Basic scientific principles can be used in the practice of agricultural enterprises. Keywords: management, methodological bases, evaluation, efficiency, and agricultural land use.

scholarly journals THE “CRIMINAL LAW OF VICTIM” AS A CRIMINAL LAW MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Irina Aleksandrovna Tretyak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The subject. The article is devoted to analysis of the basic models of criminal law and the impact of victim’s legal status on the criminal legal theory.The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the existence and the importance of “criminal law of victim” as basic model of criminal legal theory.The methodological basis of the research includes general-scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, system-structural approach) as well as academic methods (formal-legal method, method of interpretation of legal texts).Results and scope of application. The definition of the role of the victim, the importance of his legitimate interests in the implementation of criminal liability is complicated by the fact that the basic models of criminal law developed by science – “criminal law of the offender” and “criminal law of the crime” – do not consider the victim as a subject of criminal legal relations.The theoretical models of criminal law are embodied in the criminal law, specific legal rela-tions, law enforcement acts, etc., in connection with which there are specific indicators – the parameters by which it is possible to determine which model of criminal law is implemented.If the question of the criminal legal personality of the victim is controversial, in my opinion, there is no doubt that the victim is a party to the criminal law conflict, which often begins to unfold long before the crime.Conclusions. Recognizing the victim as a subject of criminal legal relations, as well as a par-ticipant in the criminal law conflict, it is possible to talk about the formation of a new model of criminal law – “the criminal law of victim”.

scholarly journals THE CIVIL LAW NATURE OF ELECTRONIC MONEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Panova ◽  
Vitalii Makhinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the article is to examine the civil law nature of electronic money. The subject of the research is the features of the civil law nature of electronic money. Methodology. Research methods are chosen based on the object, subject and purpose of the study. The study used general scientific and special methods of legal science. Thus, the analysis and synthesis method as well as the logical method were used to formulate a holistic view on electronic money, their features and legal nature. The logical-semantic method was used to establish the meaning of the concepts “electronic money”, “non-cash money”, “payment instrument”, “electronic payment instrument”. The comparative method was used when analyzing scientific categories, definitions and approaches. The legal modeling method was applied to formulate the author’s definition of the term “electronic money”. Results. The article generalizes scientific views on the civil law nature of electronic money. A distinction has been made between electronic money and currency unit, non-cash money and the right to claim. As the result it has been established that electronic money is the monetary obligation. Practical implication. The study should assist in developing the unified approach to the issue of the civil law nature of electronic money. Value/originality. As the result of the study the author’s definition of the concept “electronic money” with regard to its civil law nature has been proposed.

scholarly journals RESPONSIBILITY FOR TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS UNDER RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW: ISSUES OF LEGISLATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1099
Author(s):  
Nina Yu. Skripchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

Today, no state in the world can say with confidence that it does not face the problem of human trafficking as it does not depend on the geopolitical position of the country, nor on the socio-economic situation. The negative social consequences of the transformations in Russia at the end of the last century determined not only its transit destination during the illegal migration of labor, but also the role of the sender and recipient of human commodity (mainly women and children) intended for exploitation (i.e. including sexual), surrogacy, removal of organs and tissues. Trying to adhere to the international definition of human trafficking as much as possible and drawing on the existing experience of regulation, the Russian legislator enshrined the norm in the Criminal Code (Article 1271) containing editorial flaws that impeded its implementation. The purpose of the study is to formulate proposals to address the deficiencies identified during the study of the legislative definition of trafficking in persons, which cause difficulties in enforcement. The methodological basis is constituted by general scientific (analysis and synthesis, dialectics) and private scientific research methods (system-structural, formal-legal, logical, linguistic). The paper notes the terminological difficulties associated with the inclusion of Convention norms in the system of Russian law. Noting the need to establish enhanced guarantees of child safety, the author does not see the need for independent criminalization of trafficking in minors. By identifying technical and legal shortcomings in the definition of human trafficking and human exploitation, the author suggests ways to solve them by reforming the criminal law and judicial interpretation at the level of the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE LEAN PRODUCTION IMPLEMENTATION AT THE ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE’S DAIRY INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Mariia Foshchii ◽  
Natalia Krasnokutska
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Production Concept ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Safe Working

The purpose of the paper is to study the features of the lean production implementation in the dairy industry of Ukraine. Methodology. To achieve the purpose and solve the tasks set in the paper, a system of general and special research methods was used, namely methods of scientific knowledge (scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, deduction, generalization) to study the theoretical principles of the lean production implementation in Ukraine’s enterprises, and questionnaire to assess the lean production implementation’s effectiveness in the enterprises of Ukraine’s dairy industry. Results of the survey examine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the “lean production” concept: taking into account all the definitions mentioned above, the following author’s definition of lean production is put forward: lean production is a system of the enterprise, which is constantly improving, aimed at building all processes in a continuous flow of value creation by preventing and eliminating all types of losses, involving staff in teamwork based on project approaches and maintaining safe working conditions in order to create attractive value for the consumer. Methodological support for rapid assessment of the lean production implementation’s effectiveness on the basis of employee surveys has been developed and the efficiency of the lean production implementation at the enterprises of Ukraine’s dairy industry has been assessed. It is concluded about the lack of effectiveness of implementing lean production at three enterprises of Ukraine’s dairy industry. This is due to the short period of the lean production implementation, as Enterprise 1 only started implementation at the end of 2020. Based on the survey and questionnaire of employees and managers of Ukraine’s dairy industry, the main stereotypes related to the implementation of lean production are identified and refuted, and the reasons for the slow and inefficient implementation of lean production are identified. Lean manufacturing cannot be implemented once and for all, it must be done constantly, because lean manufacturing is a tool for gaining a competitive advantage. Scientific novelty: methodological support for rapid assessment of the lean production implementation’s effectiveness has been further developed, which, unlike others, takes into account the peculiarities of the dairy industry and allows to determine problems and prospects for enterprise development on the basis of a questionnaire. A promising direction of research is a more detailed analysis of the “lean production polygon”, which is based on the survey. A more detailed analysis of the underlying three pentagons will reveal problems in the three subsystems of lean production.

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