scholarly journals nanoHUB: Experiences and insights on care and feeding of a successful, engaged science gateway community

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Zentner ◽  
Gerhard Klimeck
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Science Gateway ◽  
Success Criteria ◽  
Scientific Project

Established in 2002, nanoHUB.org continues to attract a large community of users for computational tools and learning materials related to nanotechnology [1, 2]. Over the last 12 months, nanoHUB has engaged over 1.4 million visitors and 13,000 simulation users with over 5,000 items of content, making it a premier example of an established science gateway. The nanoHUB team tracks references to nanoHUB in the scientific literature and have found nearly 1,600 vetted citations to nanoHUB, with over 19,000 secondary citations to the primary papers, supporting the concept that nanoHUB enables quality research. nanoHUB is also used extensively for both informal and formal education [3,4], with automatic algorithms detecting use in 1,501 classrooms reaching nearly 30,000 students. During 14 years of operation, the nanoHUB team has had an opportunity to study the behaviors of its user base, evaluate mechanisms for success, and learn when and how to make adjustments to better serve the community and stakeholders. We have developed a set of success criteria for a science gateway such as nanoHUB, for attracting and growing an active community of users. Outstanding science content is necessary and that content must continue to expand or the gateway and community will grow stagnant. A large challenge is to incentivize a community to not only use the site, but more importantly, to contribute [5,6]. There is often a recruitment and conversion process that involves, first, attracting users, giving them reason to stay, use, and share increasingly complex content, and then go on to become content authors themselves. This process requires a good understanding of the user community and its needs as well as an active outreach program, led by a user-oriented content steward with a technical background sufficient to understand the work and needs of the community. A reliable infrastructure is a critical key to maintaining an active, participatory community. Using underlying HUBzero® technology, nanoHUB is able to leverage infrastructure developments from across a wide variety of hubs, and by utilizing platform support from the HUBzero team, access development and operational expertise from a team of 25 professionals that one scientific project would be hard-pressed to support on its own. nanoHUB has found that open assessment and presentation of stats and impact metrics not only inform development and outreach activities but also incentivize users and provide transparency to the scientific community at large.

scholarly journals nanoHUB: Experiences and insights on care and feeding of a successful, engaged science gateway community

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Zentner ◽  
Gerhard Klimeck
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Science Gateway ◽  
Success Criteria ◽  
Scientific Project

Established in 2002, nanoHUB.org continues to attract a large community of users for computational tools and learning materials related to nanotechnology [1, 2]. Over the last 12 months, nanoHUB has engaged over 1.4 million visitors and 13,000 simulation users with over 5,000 items of content, making it a premier example of an established science gateway. The nanoHUB team tracks references to nanoHUB in the scientific literature and have found nearly 1,600 vetted citations to nanoHUB, with over 19,000 secondary citations to the primary papers, supporting the concept that nanoHUB enables quality research. nanoHUB is also used extensively for both informal and formal education [3,4], with automatic algorithms detecting use in 1,501 classrooms reaching nearly 30,000 students. During 14 years of operation, the nanoHUB team has had an opportunity to study the behaviors of its user base, evaluate mechanisms for success, and learn when and how to make adjustments to better serve the community and stakeholders. We have developed a set of success criteria for a science gateway such as nanoHUB, for attracting and growing an active community of users. Outstanding science content is necessary and that content must continue to expand or the gateway and community will grow stagnant. A large challenge is to incentivize a community to not only use the site, but more importantly, to contribute [5,6]. There is often a recruitment and conversion process that involves, first, attracting users, giving them reason to stay, use, and share increasingly complex content, and then go on to become content authors themselves. This process requires a good understanding of the user community and its needs as well as an active outreach program, led by a user-oriented content steward with a technical background sufficient to understand the work and needs of the community. A reliable infrastructure is a critical key to maintaining an active, participatory community. Using underlying HUBzero® technology, nanoHUB is able to leverage infrastructure developments from across a wide variety of hubs, and by utilizing platform support from the HUBzero team, access development and operational expertise from a team of 25 professionals that one scientific project would be hard-pressed to support on its own. nanoHUB has found that open assessment and presentation of stats and impact metrics not only inform development and outreach activities but also incentivize users and provide transparency to the scientific community at large.

ФИЛОСОФИЯ НАУЧНОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
N. V. Litvak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Politics And Science ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Scientific Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
The Military

The article considers the scientific diplomacy — a relatively new phenomenon in international practice — as a type of diplomacy which took shape quite recently, in the 21st century, with the advent of both the term itself, and the corresponding concepts, and the Foreign Ministry units of some countries. However, it is necessary to clarify the terminology and essence of this practice, which has a much more long history. At the present time, there is a reassessment of this historical experience, as well as another attempt to put science in the civil service in one more — diplomatic aspect, as it has already happened with the military, educational and some other areas. At the same time, the scientific community itself in this process has the opportunity to play not only the role of an object or a passive performer. The demand for science is clearly manifested in periods of war and conflict, which in various forms do not stop today. This causes the urgency of the problem. At the same time, the conscious activity of politicians and scientists is combined with objective, independently developing, incl. latently, unobviously, by the processes of political struggle and scientific knowledge, which leads to complex combinations of interrelations between politics and science. The study of such events and processes allows us to draw some conclusions regarding relations between science and diplomacy, to determine the trend of consistent “scientification” of diplomacy, like of any other sphere of society, the transition from diplomacy-mail (communication) through diplomacy-art to diplomacy-science, formulate a hypothesis that diplomacy in general is a scientific project.

scholarly journals The Cauldron Has Cooled Down: A Systematic Literature Review on COVID-19, Ghost Games, and Home Advantage in Football from a Behavioral Science Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Christian Leitner ◽  
Frank Daumann ◽  
Florian Follert ◽  
Fabio Richlan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

The phenomenon of home advantage (or home bias) is well-analyzed in the scientific literature and is traditionally an interdisciplinary topic. Current theorizing views the fans as a crucial factor influencing the outcome of a football (a.k.a. soccer) game, as the crowd influences the behavior of the players and officials involved in the game through social pressure. So far, the phenomenon has been difficult to study because, although there have always been single matches where the spectators were excluded, this never happened globally to all teams within a league or even across leagues. From an empirical perspective, the situation with COVID-19 governmental measures, especially the ban of fans from stadiums all over the world, can be interpreted as a “natural experiment” and analyzed accordingly. Thus, several studies examined the influence of supporters by comparing matches before the COVID-19 restrictions with so-called ghost games during the pandemic. To synthesize the existing knowledge after over a year of ghost games and to offer the scientific community and other stakeholders an overview regarding the numerous studies, we provide a systematic literature review that summarizes the main findings of empirical studies and discusses the results accordingly. Our findings - based on 16 studies - indicate that ghost games have a considerable impact on the phenomenon of home advantage. No study found an increased home advantage in ghost games. Rather, our results show that 13 (from 16 included) analyzed studies conclude – based on their individually analyzed data – a more or less significant decrease of home advantage in ghost games. We conclude that our findings are highly relevant from a both socio-economic and behavioral perspective and highlight the indirect and direct influence of spectators and fans on football. Our results have – besides for the scientific community – a high importance for sports and team managers, media executives, fan representatives and other responsible.

Scientific Authorship and E-commons

2010 ◽  
pp. 193-205
Author(s):  
Luc Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Authorship ◽  
The Web

This contribution tries to assess how the Web is changing the ways in which scientific knowledge is produced, distributed and evaluated, in particular how it is transforming the conventional conception of scientific authorship. After having properly introduced the notions of copyright, public domain and (e-)commons, I will critically assess James Boyle's (2003, 2008) thesis that copyright and scientific (e-) commons are antagonistic, but I will mostly agree with the related claim by Stevan Harnad (2001a,b, 2008) that copyright has become an obstacle to the accessibility of scientific works. I will even go further and argue that Open Access schemes not only solve the problem of the availability of scientific literature, but may also help to tackle the uncontrolled multiplication of scientific publications, since these publishing schemes are based on free public licenses allowing for (acknowledged) re-use of texts. However, the scientific community does not seem to be prepared yet to move towards an Open Source model of authorship, probably due to concerns related to attributing credit and responsability for the expressed hypotheses and results. Some strategies and tools that may encourage a change of academic mentality in favour of a conception of scientific authorship modelled on the Open Source paradigm are discussed.

scholarly journals WeReview: CRISPR Tools—Live Repository of Computational Tools for Assisting CRISPR/Cas Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torres-Perez ◽  
Garcia-Martin ◽  
Montoliu ◽  
Oliveros ◽  
Pazos
Keyword(s):  
Fast Moving ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
High Death ◽  
On Line ◽  
Rapid Pace

Computational tools are essential in the process of designing a CRISPR/Cas experiment for the targeted modification of an organism’s genome. Among other functionalities, these tools facilitate the design of a guide-RNA (gRNA) for a given nuclease that maximizes its binding to the intended genomic site, while avoiding binding to undesired sites with similar sequences in the genome of the organism of interest (off-targets). Due to the popularity of this methodology and the rapid pace at which it evolves and changes, new computational tools show up constantly. This rapid turnover, together with the intrinsic high death-rate of bioinformatics tools, mean that many of the published tools become unavailable at some point. Consequently, the traditional ways to inform the community about the landscape of available tools, i.e., reviews in the scientific literature, are not adequate for this fast-moving field. To overcome these limitations, we have developed “WeReview: CRISPR Tools,” a live, on-line, user-updatable repository of computational tools to assist researchers in designing CRISPR/Cas experiments. In its web site users can find an updated comprehensive list of tools and search for those fulfilling their specific needs, as well as proposing modifications to the data associated with the tools or the incorporation of new ones.

scholarly journals KGen: a knowledge graph generator from biomedical scientific literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Rossanez ◽  
Julio Cesar dos Reis ◽  
Ricardo da Silva Torres ◽  
Hélène de Ribaupierre
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Biomedical Texts

Abstract Background Knowledge is often produced from data generated in scientific investigations. An ever-growing number of scientific studies in several domains result into a massive amount of data, from which obtaining new knowledge requires computational help. For example, Alzheimer’s Disease, a life-threatening degenerative disease that is not yet curable. As the scientific community strives to better understand it and find a cure, great amounts of data have been generated, and new knowledge can be produced. A proper representation of such knowledge brings great benefits to researchers, to the scientific community, and consequently, to society. Methods In this article, we study and evaluate a semi-automatic method that generates knowledge graphs (KGs) from biomedical texts in the scientific literature. Our solution explores natural language processing techniques with the aim of extracting and representing scientific literature knowledge encoded in KGs. Our method links entities and relations represented in KGs to concepts from existing biomedical ontologies available on the Web. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by generating KGs from unstructured texts obtained from a set of abstracts taken from scientific papers on the Alzheimer’s Disease. We involve physicians to compare our extracted triples from their manual extraction via their analysis of the abstracts. The evaluation further concerned a qualitative analysis by the physicians of the generated KGs with our software tool. Results The experimental results indicate the quality of the generated KGs. The proposed method extracts a great amount of triples, showing the effectiveness of our rule-based method employed in the identification of relations in texts. In addition, ontology links are successfully obtained, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the ontology linking method proposed in this investigation. Conclusions We demonstrate that our proposal is effective on building ontology-linked KGs representing the knowledge obtained from biomedical scientific texts. Such representation can add value to the research in various domains, enabling researchers to compare the occurrence of concepts from different studies. The KGs generated may pave the way to potential proposal of new theories based on data analysis to advance the state of the art in their research domains.

scholarly journals Computational tools for drawing, building and displaying carbohydrates: a visual guide

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 2448-2468
Author(s):  
Kanhaya Lal ◽  
Rafael Bermeo ◽  
Serge Perez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Structure Representation ◽  
Standard Representation ◽  
Simple Program

Drawing and visualisation of molecular structures are some of the most common tasks carried out in structural glycobiology, typically using various software. In this perspective article, we outline developments in the computational tools for the sketching, visualisation and modelling of glycans. The article also provides details on the standard representation of glycans, and glycoconjugates, which helps the communication of structure details within the scientific community. We highlight the comparative analysis of the available tools which could help researchers to perform various tasks related to structure representation and model building of glycans. These tools can be useful for glycobiologists or any researcher looking for a ready to use, simple program for the sketching or building of glycans.

scholarly journals Focus on How it Works: A Mechanistic Emphasis Enhances Elementary Student Learning Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Betz ◽  
Frank Keil
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Elementary Student ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
K 12

Biologists, lay adults, and children alike value understandings of how biological entities work, prioritizing these mechanistic explanations in learning choices from at least five years of age and onwards. Despite this, formal education of young children has historically lacked mechanistic content, reserving these types of causal explanations for older students. We explored strategies by which mechanistic explanations may be emphasized to learners, identifying asymmetries between teacher intuitions and the influence of a mechanistic focus on young children’s science learning. In Study 1, we contrasted K-12 teacher intuitions about two types of learning goals—mechanistic or labels—in elementary school biology lessons, assessing general preferences and beliefs about which goal would maximize learning. Teachers preferred labels-focused learning goals when considering first and second grade lessons, but increasingly shifted to mechanistic learning goals for third through fifth grade lessons. In Study 2, children ages 6 to 11 were given either a mechanistic or a labels-focused learning goal prior to watching a video lesson about the heart. In Study 3, children ages 6 to 9 heard either a mechanism-focused or labels-focused description of the small intestine prior to viewing the target heart lesson. For both learning studies, children of all sampled age groups guided to focus on mechanism performed better on a learning assessment than those guided to focus on labels. While teachers believe that younger students benefit more from superficial goals such as labels, we find that mechanistic goals enhance learning even among the youngest children. We discuss implications of initial emphasis of mechanistic science content in early elementary school to boost subsequent learning outcomes and science interest.

scholarly journals Beyond Psychology: Prevalence of p-value and confidence interval misinterpretation across different fields

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Lyu ◽  
Yuepei Xu ◽  
Xiaofan Zhao ◽  
Xi-Nian Zuo ◽  
Hu Chuan-Peng
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
P Value ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Two Indices

P-value and confidence intervals (CIs) are the most widely used statistical indices in scientific literature. Several surveys revealed that these two indices are generally misunderstood. However, existing surveys on this subject fall under psychology and biomedical research, and data from other disciplines are rare. Moreover, the confidence of researchers when constructing judgments remains unclear. To fill this research gap, we survey 1,479 researchers and students from different fields in China. Results reveal that for significant (p < .05, CI doesn’t include 0) and non-significant (p > .05, CI includes 0) conditions, most respondents, regardless of academic degrees, research fields, and stages of career, could not interpret p-value and CI accurately. Moreover, the majority of them are confident about their (inaccurate) judgments (see osf.io/mcu9q/ for raw data, materials, and supplementary analyses). Therefore, misinterpretations of p-value and CIs prevail in the whole scientific community, thus the need for statistical training in science.

scholarly journals The First German Grammar in Russia: Creation and Sources

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Nataliya Kareva ◽  
Evgeniy Pivovarov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Russian Text ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Western Model ◽  
Illustrative Material

Die Teutsche Grammatica... by M. Schwanwitz (St. Petersburg, 1730) was the first German grammar printed in Russia. It was bilingual: Russian and German sections were parallel. The Russian text reflected the diversity and variability of the new, early 18 th century "civil" literary language. The article authors describe linguistic terminology of Schwanwitz's textbook, study editorial changes made during its creation and examples corpus used in the grammar, first of all, anthroponyms. Comparative analysis of the structure, content and illustrative material of Schwanwitz's grammar and Die deutsche Grammatica... by Charmyntes (Berlin, 1713) allows us to conclude that Charmyntes's grammar was not the only source of the academic textbook. In cases where Schwanwitz borrowed material from the German source, he critically rethought and rewrote the original. The authors disagree with the assertion outspoken in scientific literature that Schwanwitz's work was for the most part imitative to Die deutsche Grammatica... by Charmyntes and that the Berlin edition should be considered as a conductor of the Western model of grammatical description in Russia. Study of Die Teutsche Grammatica... creation allows to conclude that lack of its author's formal education case was atoned by rich practical experience, ability to learn a lot and quickly and obvious desire to become a philologist recognized by contemporaries.

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