scholarly journals Epidemiological scenario of Dengue in the state of Manipur during the last 3 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leimapokpam Shivadutta Singh ◽  
Rajkumar Manojkumar Singh ◽  
Huidrom Lokhendro Singh
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory

Background. In recent years, Dengue has been emerging as a global health problem with approximately 2.5 billion people being affected by it .In the last 50 years, the incidence of dengue infection has increased 30-fold, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 96 million cases of dengue occur annually. The epidemiology of dengue fever (DF) is complex in the Indian subcontinent as all the four serotypes are circulating. And there is no systematic epidemiological study done on dengue cases in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India. This study is therefore done to report observations on dengue cases from a virus diagnostic and research laboratory of Manipur to present an epidemiological scenario of the state for the last three years. Method. We used the dengue data extracted from the laboratory register of Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) from 2016 to 2018. All suspected outpatient and inpatients dengue cases from public and private health services are included in the VRDL database whose informed consent were obtained. We evaluated the overall features of the data for generating seasonal pattern, geographical pattern, gender wise distribution, age wise distribution and seroprevelance pattern of dengue cases for the study period from 2016 to 2018. Results. A total of 1689 cases of suspected patients of dengue virus infection were tested for dengue ELISA test and 272(16.10%) samples were found to be seropositive. The month wise distribution of dengue cases is quite an interesting as the three years of study shows variant pattern in observation. In all the three years dengue seropositive cases were seen higher in male population. But there is no significant value to the positivity of dengue seropositive towards male than female (The chi-square statistic is 2.1314.The p-value is .344481. The result is not significant at p < .05.). Conclusion. Our study presents a comparative epidemiological study on seroprevelance of dengue in the state of Manipur from the year 2016 to 2018. The findings in the present study extend the knowledge of the geographical distribution and seroprevelance of dengue in the state of Manipur for the last three years. This is an attempt to present epidemiological dengue seroprevelance in the state of Manipur which in future would be a reference from public health concerns for taking up necessary action plan to curtail the spread of dengue.

scholarly journals Epidemiological scenario of Dengue in the state of Manipur during the last 3 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leimapokpam Shivadutta Singh ◽  
Rajkumar Manojkumar Singh ◽  
Huidrom Lokhendro Singh
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory

Background. In recent years, Dengue has been emerging as a global health problem with approximately 2.5 billion people being affected by it .In the last 50 years, the incidence of dengue infection has increased 30-fold, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 96 million cases of dengue occur annually. The epidemiology of dengue fever (DF) is complex in the Indian subcontinent as all the four serotypes are circulating. And there is no systematic epidemiological study done on dengue cases in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India. This study is therefore done to report observations on dengue cases from a virus diagnostic and research laboratory of Manipur to present an epidemiological scenario of the state for the last three years. Method. We used the dengue data extracted from the laboratory register of Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) from 2016 to 2018. All suspected outpatient and inpatients dengue cases from public and private health services are included in the VRDL database whose informed consent were obtained. We evaluated the overall features of the data for generating seasonal pattern, geographical pattern, gender wise distribution, age wise distribution and seroprevelance pattern of dengue cases for the study period from 2016 to 2018. Results. A total of 1689 cases of suspected patients of dengue virus infection were tested for dengue ELISA test and 272(16.10%) samples were found to be seropositive. The month wise distribution of dengue cases is quite an interesting as the three years of study shows variant pattern in observation. In all the three years dengue seropositive cases were seen higher in male population. But there is no significant value to the positivity of dengue seropositive towards male than female (The chi-square statistic is 2.1314.The p-value is .344481. The result is not significant at p < .05.). Conclusion. Our study presents a comparative epidemiological study on seroprevelance of dengue in the state of Manipur from the year 2016 to 2018. The findings in the present study extend the knowledge of the geographical distribution and seroprevelance of dengue in the state of Manipur for the last three years. This is an attempt to present epidemiological dengue seroprevelance in the state of Manipur which in future would be a reference from public health concerns for taking up necessary action plan to curtail the spread of dengue.

scholarly journals Epidemiological scenario of dengue in the state of Manipur during the last 3 years

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leimapokpam Shivadutta Singh ◽  
Rajkumar Manojkumar Singh ◽  
Huidrom Lokhendro Singh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
General Wellbeing

Background The study of disease transmission of dengue fever (DF) is perplexing in the Indian subcontinent as all the four serotypes are circling. Also, there is no efficient epidemiological examination done on dengue cases in Manipur, a north-eastern territory of India. Method We utilized the dengue information extricated from the lab register of Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) from 2016 to 2018. All presumed outpatient and inpatients dengue cases from open and private health-care facilities are incorporated into the VRDL database whose informed consent were gotten. Results A sum of 1689 instances of associated patients with dengue infection was tried for dengue ELISA test and 272 (16.10%) samples were seen as seropositive. The month-wise conveyance of dengue cases is very intriguing as the three years of study demonstrates a variation design in perception. In all the three years dengue seropositive cases were seen higher in the male populace. Be that as it may, there is no noteworthy incentive to the inspiration of dengue seropositive towards male than female. Conclusion Our examination exhibits a comparative epidemiological investigation on seroprevelance of dengue in the province of Manipur for three years. This is an endeavour to show epidemiological dengue seroprevelance in the territory of Manipur which in future would be a reference from general wellbeing worries for making up essential move intend to shorten the spread of dengue.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of dengue infection at a teaching hospital in North India

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (07) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Karoli ◽  
Jalees Fatima ◽  
Zeba Siddiqi ◽  
Khursheed I Kazmi ◽  
Amit R Sultania
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
North India ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Atypical Manifestations

Introduction: Dengue viral infections are among the most important mosquito-borne diseases of the Indian subcontinent and have become a major global public health concern. Spread of disease has led to increased recognition of atypical manifestations apart from the classical clinical features of dengue infection. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of admitted patients suspected to have dengue infection was conducted during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in the year 2010. Patients who had serological confirmation of dengue infection were classified according to World Health Organization definitions of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clinical and biochemical parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: Out of 356 patients with suspected dengue fever enrolled in the study, 138 (39%) had serologically confirmed dengue infection. Eighty (58%) patients were males and 58 (42%) were females. Ninety-six (70%) patients had classical dengue fever while 42 (30%) had dengue hemorrhagic fever. The most common symptoms were headache (105, 76%), abdominal pain (87, 63%), vomiting (80, 58%), rash (36, 26%), and cutaneous hypersensitivity (22, 16%). Hemorrhagic manifestations were present in 55 (40%) patients. Atypical manifestations were recorded. Notably, 14% of patients had neurological involvement and 4% had acute hepatic failure. Overall mortality was 6% and all fatal cases were due to multi-organ failure. Conclusion: Dengue infection poses a huge burden to the health-care system; its spectrum ranges from mild self-limiting illness to severe fatal disease. It can have varied and multi-systemic manifestations which can go unrecognized. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for atypical manifestations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic-induced physical inactivity: the necessity of updating the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Amini ◽  
S. Habibi ◽  
A. H. Islamoglu ◽  
E. Isanejad ◽  
C. Uz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Action Plan

AbstractTo prevent and reduce inactivity, the World Health Organization (WHO) designed a global plan called Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 (GAPPA) in 2017. In this plan and according to the state of physical activity in 2016, actions and goals were set. However, the world is facing a COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected various aspects of lifestyle, including physical activity. Some studies have shown that physical activity reduced during the pandemic. For this reason, the WHO should review the GAPPA and update goals and actions according to the state of physical activity in 2020.

The EPA Guidance Project: Guidance for Mental Healthcare in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
I. Großimlinghaus ◽  
J. Zielasek ◽  
W. Gaebel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Graduate Training ◽  
Health Organization

Summary Background: The development of guidelines is an important and common method to assure and improve quality in mental healthcare in European countries. While guidelines have to fulfill predefined criteria such as methodological accuracy of evidence retrieval and assessment, and stakeholder involvement, the development of guidance was not standardized yet. Aim: In 2008, the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) initiated the EPA Guidance project in order to provide guidance in the field of European psychiatry and related fields for topics that are not dealt with by guideline developers – for instance due to lack of evidence or lack of funding. The first three series of EPA Guidance deal with diverse topics that are relevant to European mental healthcare, such as quality assurance for mental health services, post-graduate training in mental healthcare, trust in mental health services and mental health promotion. Results: EPA Guidance recommendations address current and future challenges for European psychiatry. They are developed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) European Mental Health Action Plan.

scholarly journals Benefits and Limitations of Non-Transgenic Micronutrient Biofortification Approaches

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Edward Marques ◽  
Heather M. Darby ◽  
Jana Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Focus

Increasing the amount of micronutrients in diets across the world is crucial to improving world health. Numerous methods can accomplish this such as the biofortification of food through biotechnology, conventional breeding, and agronomic approaches. Of these, biofortification methods, conventional breeding, and agronomic approaches are currently globally accepted and, therefore, should be the primary focus of research efforts. This review synthesizes the current literature regarding the state of biofortified foods through conventional breeding and agronomic approaches for crops. Additionally, the benefits and limitations for all described approaches are discussed, allowing us to identify key areas of research that are still required to increase the efficacy of these methods. The information provided here should provide a basal knowledge for global efforts that are combating micronutrient deficiencies.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and monitoring tools for noncommunicable diseases: a missing component in the global response

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ◽  
Jessica H. Zafra-Tanaka ◽  
Miguel Moscoso-Porras ◽  
Rangarajan Sampath ◽  
Beatrice Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Monitoring Tools

AbstractA key component of any health system is the capacity to accurately diagnose individuals. One of the six building blocks of a health system as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) includes diagnostic tools. The WHO’s Noncommunicable Disease Global Action Plan includes addressing the lack of diagnostics for noncommunicable diseases, through multi-stakeholder collaborations to develop new technologies that are affordable, safe, effective and quality controlled, and improving laboratory and diagnostic capacity and human resources. Many challenges exist beyond price and availability for the current tools included in the Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PEN) for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. These include temperature stability, adaptability to various settings (e.g. at high altitude), need for training in order to perform and interpret the test, the need for maintenance and calibration, and for Blood Glucose Meters non-compatible meters and test strips. To date the issues surrounding access to diagnostic and monitoring tools for noncommunicable diseases have not been addressed in much detail. The aim of this Commentary is to present the current landscape and challenges with regards to guidance from the WHO on diagnostic tools using the WHO REASSURED criteria, which define a set of key characteristics for diagnostic tests and tools. These criteria have been used for communicable diseases, but so far have not been used for noncommunicable diseases. Diagnostic tools have played an important role in addressing many communicable diseases, such as HIV, TB and neglected tropical diseases. Clearly more attention with regards to diagnostics for noncommunicable diseases as a key component of the health system is needed.

scholarly journals Vaccination Coverage for Routine Vaccines and Herd Immunity Levels against Measles and Pertussis in the World in 2019

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Pedro Plans-Rubió
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The World ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Vaccine Action Plan with the objective to promote essential vaccinations in all countries and achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage for all routine vaccines by 2020. The study assessed the mean percentages of vaccination coverage in 2019 for 13 routine vaccines, vaccination coverage variation from 2015 to 2019, and herd immunity levels against measles and pertussis in 2019 in countries and regions of WHO. In 2019, the mean percentages of vaccination coverage were lower than 90% for 10 (78.9%) routine vaccines. The mean percentages of vaccination coverage also decreased from 2015 to 2019 for six (46.2%) routine vaccines. The prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced measles immunity in the target measles vaccination population was 88.1%, and the prevalence of individuals with vaccine-induced pertussis immunity in the target pertussis vaccination population was 81.1%. Herd immunity against measles viruses with Ro = 18 was established in 63 (32.5%) countries but not established in any region. Herd immunity against pertussis agents was not established in any country and in any region of WHO. National immunization programs must be improved to achieve ≥90% vaccination coverage in all countries and regions. Likewise, it is necessary to achieve ≥95% vaccination coverage with two doses of measles vaccines and three doses of pertussis vaccines in all countries and regions.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Association between Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in the Capital of the Green Lungs of Poland–Population-Based Study with 2,953,000 Person-Years of Follow-Up

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kuźma ◽  
Krzysztof Struniawski ◽  
Szymon Pogorzelski ◽  
Hanna Bachórzewska-Gajewska ◽  
Sławomir Dobrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
World Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The Impact

(1) Introduction: air pollution is considered to be one of the main risk factors for public health. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), air pollution contributes to the premature deaths of approximately 500,000 citizens of the European Union (EU), including almost 5000 inhabitants of Poland every year. (2) Purpose: to assess the gender differences in the impact of air pollution on the mortality in the population of the city of Bialystok—the capital of the Green Lungs of Poland. (3) Materials and Methods: based on the data from the Central Statistical Office, the number—and causes of death—of Białystok residents in the period 2008–2017 were analyzed. The study utilized the data recorded by the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection station and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management during the analysis period. Time series regression with Poisson distribution was used in statistical analysis. (4) Results: A total of 34,005 deaths had been recorded, in which women accounted for 47.5%. The proportion of cardiovascular-related deaths was 48% (n = 16,370). An increase of SO2 concentration by 1-µg/m3 (relative risk (RR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.12; p = 0.005) and a 10 °C decrease of temperature (RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05; p = 0.005) were related to an increase in the number of daily deaths. No gender differences in the impact of air pollution on mortality were observed. In the analysis of the subgroup of cardiovascular deaths, the main pollutant that was found to have an effect on daily mortality was particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5); the RR for 10-µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.12; p = 0.01), and this effect was noted only in the male population. (5) Conclusions: air quality and atmospheric conditions had an impact on the mortality of Bialystok residents. The main air pollutant that influenced the mortality rate was SO2, and there were no gender differences in the impact of this pollutant. In the male population, an increased exposure to PM2.5 concentration was associated with significantly higher cardiovascular mortality. These findings suggest that improving air quality, in particular, even with lower SO2 levels than currently allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, may benefit public health. Further studies on this topic are needed, but our results bring questions whether the recommendations concerning acceptable concentrations of air pollutants should be stricter, or is there a safe concentration of SO2 in the air at all.

Provision of the Continuum of Care to Noncommunicable Diseases Post-Floods in Kerala, India 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Parasuraman Ganeshkumar ◽  
Rontgen Saigal ◽  
Bipin Gopal ◽  
Hari Shankar ◽  
Prabhdeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
The State ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Continuum

Abstract Integrating noncommunicable disease (NCD) in health care delivery during emergency response posed a major challenge post-floods in Kerala. Kerala experienced an abnormally high rainfall during mid-2018 where more than 400 people lost their lives. State health officials and the Disaster Response Team were sensitized about the importance of including NCDs in the response action. More than 80% of patients with hypertension and diabetes were not under control in Kerala. Under the state NCD cell, an NCD expert group was consulted for drafting the treatment and referral strategies. Steps to tackle NCDs during the disaster response were formulated. The state NCD cell decided to integrate NCDs in the response measures. The technical guidance document by the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region was consulted to formulate actions. The activities were implemented in 6 steps: prioritizing of major NCDS, patient estimation and drug stock preparation, standard treatment protocol, mapping of referral facilities, public engagement, and daily reporting of NCD consultations. Prioritizing the continuum of care of NCDs during floods among the program managers and care providers was crucial. The health education and communication campaign was done to sensitize the known NCD patients to seek early care. Daily reporting of consultations was established.

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