scholarly journals The Effect of Immersion Time in Three Kinds of Carbonated Beverages on Orthodontic Elastic Latex’s Tensile Strength (In Vitro)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christandi Prana Yuwana ◽  
Christnawati Christnawati ◽  
Cenderawasih Farmasyanti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Carbonated Beverages ◽  
Group I ◽  
Carbonated Beverage ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Post Hoc

<p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Objective</strong>: To study the effects of immersion time in three kinds of carbonated beverages on orthodontic elastic latex’s tensile strength</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Methods</strong>: Subjects consist of 32 specimens orthodontic elastic latex ¼" and 4.5 oz of power, divided into 8 groups (IA, IB, IC, ID, IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID). Each group are immersed in artificial saliva (pH7) and stored in incubator (37 °C) for 24hrs for group I and 48hrs for group II. Each treatment groups will be immersed in three different carbonated beverages for 90s per day. Elastics being measured its tensile strength for group I at 24th hour, and 48th hour for group II using tension gauge. The data was tested with two way anova and post hoc Tukey.</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Results:</strong> The result shows immersion time decreases elastic latex’s tensile strength (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and carbonated beverages affect elastic latex’s tensile strength (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p><p class="AbstractContent"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> (1) There is a difference of orthodontic elastic latex tensile strength in the immersion in carbonated beverages for 24 and 48 hours, (2) there is a difference of elastic latex tensile strength orthodontic in the immersion in three kinds of carbonated beverages, and (3) there is interaction between immersion time in carbonated beverages and carbonated beverage brands</p>

scholarly journals Autologous Platelet Gel (APG): A Preliminary Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties after Activation with Autologous Thrombin and Calcium Chloride

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
Calogero Bugea ◽  
Lucia Leo ◽  
Pablo Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Felice Lorusso
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Platelet Gel ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Autologous Platelet

The tensional and mechanical behavior of regenerative components, grafts, and blood clots represent an essential condition for the success of bone regeneration protocols. Autologous platelet growth factors represent a useful protocol to enhance the soft and hard tissue healing in several fields of medicine and craniofacial surgery. Different protocols for blood concentrates with and without activation have been proposed in literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro the mechanical properties of autologous platelet gel (APG) with autologous thrombin and calcium chloride. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 APG samples were evaluated; 10 samples were activated by autologous thrombin and calcium chloride (Group I) and 10 samples were non-activated (Group II). The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated through a static loading test (Lloyd 30 K, Lloyd Instruments Ltd., Segensworth, UK). Results: Group I (activated) reported a tensile strength of 373.5 ± 14.3 MPa, while Group II showed a significantly lower value of of 360.5 ± 16.3 MPa (p < 0.05). The Young’s modulus was 145.3 ± 10.4 MPa for Group I and 140.3 ± 15.3 MPa for Group II (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the present in vitro simulation showed that the APG activation protocol is able to increase the mechanical characteristics of the blood derivates and could be clinically useful to enhance regenerative procedures.

scholarly journals Tensile Strength of Novel Nonabsorbable PTFE (Teflon®) versus Other Suture Materials: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
José Arce ◽  
Alondra Palacios ◽  
Daniel Alvítez-Temoche ◽  
G. Mendoza-Azpur ◽  
Percy Romero-Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Polyglactin 910 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Failure Point

Objective. To compare the in vitro tensile strength of sutures used in implant surgery according to the type of thread and the immersion time in artificial saliva. Methods. For the development of the study, three suture materials were used: polyglactin 910 (PG), black silk (BS), and Teflon (PTFE) 4-0; 150 samples were used, which were divided among each type of suture and then subdivided into five groups of 10 according to the various immersion times (baseline, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) in artificial saliva. A universal test machine was used to measure the tensile strength at a speed of 25 cm/min, stretch each sample until the material fails, and record the maximum strength in Newtons (N). Finally, the failure point of the samples was evaluated at 10× increase using a stereromicroscope (Leica Biosystems). Results. When analyzing the tensile strength of the various groups of sutures, it was evidenced that PG maintained its strength, which was lowest at baseline and highest at 21 days. When performing the statistical inference of PG and PTFE, it was found that the force necessary to achieve detachment was not statistically significant (p<0.05). However, it was shown that the force necessary to achieve rupture in the BS group was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion. To sum up, when comparing the in vitro tensile strength of PG, BS, and PTFE sutures at baseline and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, there was no statistically significant difference. This indicates that all sutures used present sufficient performance that remains resistant as time progresses.

scholarly journals 92 BLASTOCYST FORMATION FROM VITRIFIED BOVINE OOCYTES, ZYGOTES, AND TWO-CELL EMBRYOS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
A. Moisan ◽  
E. Chamberlain ◽  
S. Leibo ◽  
B. Dresser ◽  
K. Bondioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitrification Solution ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The objective of this study was to devise a protocol to preserve bovine oocytes and early cleavage-stage embryos by vitrification and to compare their subsequent embryonic development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Mature bovine oocytes from a commercial source (BoMed; Madison, WI, USA) were randomly allocated (in four replicates) to four treatment groups. Group I: control oocytes were subjected to IVF and cultured in CR1aa medium in a humidified atmosphere of 5% O2/5% CO2/90% N2 at 38°C. Group II: MII-stage oocytes were subjected to vitrification and then fertilized by IVF. Group III: presumptive zygotes were vitrified after IVF. Group IV: two-cell embryos resulting from IVF that were cultured for ∼28 h before vitrification. The vitrification solution consisted of TCM199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (mTCM) and containing 20% ethylene glycol (EG)/20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/0.65 M trehalose. The oocytes/embryos to be vitrified were rinsed in mTCM, then in 5% EG/5% DMSO, then in 10% EG/10% DMSO, and finally for 45 s in the vitrification solution. For vitrification, groups of 6 to 12 oocytes/embryos were pipetted in <1-μL volume of vitrification medium onto the tip of a CryoTop (Katayama et al. 2003 Fertil. Steril. 80, 223); plunged directly into liquid nitrogen (LN2), and stored for ∼2 h. Vitrified samples were warmed and liquefied by rapidly transferring the Cryotops from LN2 into 0.25 M trehalose in mTCM at 37°C and then sequentially at 1-min intervals into 0.188 M and 0.125 M trehalose. Cleavage was evaluated on Day 3 post-insemination, and blastocyst development was assessed on Days 7 and 9 post-insemination. Of the 251 oocytes in Group I, 71% cleaved by Day 3, 21% formed blastocysts by Day 7, and 29% did so by Day 9; 3% of the total hatched. Of the 116 oocytes in Group II, fewer cleaved (P > 0.05) by Day 3 (54%) and developed into blastocysts by Day 7 (4%) and by Day 9 (8%); none hatched. Group III zygotes (n = 131) responded like Group II oocytes, 53% cleaved, and 5% formed blastocysts on Day 7 and 7% on Day 9; none hatched. In contrast, 19% of the 122 two-cell embryos formed blastocysts by Day 7 and 28% by Day 9, and 3% hatched. Although significantly fewer oocytes/embryos in Groups II and III cleaved compared with Group I, more than 50% of them did so after vitrification. After fertilization and cleavage, the two-cell embryos were much more resistant to the deleterious effects of cryoprotectants and vitrification. Higher survival of two-cell embryos may result from their increased permeability to cryoprotectants, and to water due to their higher surface area to volume ratio.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENUND AAN TAHAP PENUMPATAN DENGAN RESIN KOMPOSIT PADA TEKNIK SANDWICH TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK PELEKATAN SEMEN IONOMER KACA DAN RESIN KOMPOSIT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Yulita Kristanti ◽  
Diatri Nari Ratih
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Sandwich Technique ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Sandwich technique, a combination filling technique using composite resin filling material and glass ionomer cement has been widely used. In fact, such a combination filling technique need  ffcf i longer time compare to filling without combination. This research was done in order to know the influence of delayed fill ; ing in sandwich technique using composite resin related to the tensile strength between glass ionomer cement and composite resin.The materials studied consist of 16 samples, that were divided into 4 groups. The first one was used as the control groupt without delaying), while group II-IVwas used as the treating groups. Each group consist of 4 samples. The difference treatment between group II-IVwas the soaking time in the artificial saliva. Group II was soaked into artificial saliva (pH5)for 1 day, group , HI for 7 days, and group IVfor 14 days. The result of this research shows that the diference among the groups involved were very significant, except between group I and group II.The longer the sample was soaked into the artificial saliva, the tensile strength tends to decrease.

Effects of Rest and Exercise on Cardiac Blood Volume Determinations

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
N. Topuzović
Keyword(s):  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lv Volumes ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Lv Volume

Summary Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in blood activity during rest, exercise and recovery, and to assess its influence on left ventricular (LV) volume determination using the count-based method requiring blood sampling. Methods: Forty-four patients underwent rest-stress radionuclide ventriculography; Tc-99m-human serum albumin was used in 13 patients (Group I), red blood cells was labeled using Tc-99m in 17 patients (Group II) in vivo, and in 14 patients (Group III) by modified in vivo/in vitro method. LV volumes were determined by a count-based method using corrected count rate in blood samples obtained during rest, peak exercise and after recovery. Results: In group I at stress, the blood activity decreased by 12.6 ± 5.4%, p <0.05, as compared to the rest level, and increased by 25.1 ± 6.4%, p <0.001, and 12.8 ± 4.5%, p <0.05, above the resting level in group II and III, respectively. This had profound effects on LV volume determinations if only one rest blood aliquot was used: during exercise, the LV volumes significantly decreased by 22.1 ± 9.6%, p <0.05, in group I, whereas in groups II and III it was significantly overestimated by 32.1 ± 10.3%, p <0.001, and 10.7 ± 6.4%, p <0.05, respectively. The changes in blood activity between stress and recovery were not significantly different for any of the groups. Conclusion: The use of only a single blood sample as volume aliquot at rest in rest-stress studies leads to erroneous estimation of cardiac volumes due to significant changes in blood radioactivity during exercise and recovery.

scholarly journals Potential of different fluoride gels to prevent erosive tooth wear caused by gastroesophageal reflux

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Körner ◽  
Luca Georgis ◽  
Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Florian J. Wegehaupt
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Erosive Tooth Wear ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Abstract Background This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear. Methods Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens [randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)] were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 h by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 h (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels [Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)] in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm), G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) showed the overall best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047). Conclusions After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

Antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation status in human follicular fluid: age-dependent change

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
H. Debbarh ◽  
N. Louanjli ◽  
S. Aboulmaouahib ◽  
M. Jamil ◽  
L. Ahbbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Scavenging Efficiency

Summary Maternal age is a significant factor influencing in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major causes of age-related cellular and molecular damage. The purpose of this work was to investigate the correlation between maternal age with intrafollicular antioxidants and OS markers in follicular fluid (FF), and also to determine the OS status in patients of advanced age. This study was a prospective study including 201 women undergoing IVF whose age was between 24 and 45 years old. FF samples were obtained from mature follicles at the time of oocyte retrieval. After treatment of FF, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione (GSH) level were evaluated using spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the age cutoff point for increasing the MDA level was fixed at 37 years, allowing the study to be differentiated into two age groups. Group I included patients whose age was less than 37 years, and group II included patients whose age was greater than or equal 37 years. Statistical analysis revealed that MDA and GSH levels and GR activity were significantly higher in group II compared with group I. The SOD and CAT activities were significantly less in group II compared with group I. We concluded that from 37 years old a reproductive ageing was accompanied by a change in the antioxidant pattern in FF that impaired reactive oxygen species scavenging efficiency.

317 Effect of the Whole Cottonseed with Pre-treatment on the Digestibility, Productivity, and Milk Fat Profile of Dairy Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Yitong Su ◽  
YangYi Hao ◽  
Gaokun Liu ◽  
Yue Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Mixed Alkali ◽  
Group I ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Abstract To improve the efficiency of whole cottonseed (WCS) on dairy cattle, crush and alkali treatment were combined (Table 1) in this study. The gastrointestinal tract digestibility of WCS were measured by in situ ruminal incubation and in vitro fermentation, respectively. Finally, animal feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of processed WCS on dairy cattle. A total of 30 Holstein dairy cows with similar physiological status were allocated to three groups (CON, Group I, and Group II). Ration for the CON group was a basic ration with no WCS, ration with about 8% non-processed WCS was for Group I (DM basis), while the Group II was provided by the ration added with 8% Crush-Alkali (4% mixed alkali solids with NaOH/CaO ratio at 1:1) treated WCS. Results of the in situ and in vitro experiments showed that, compared with non-treated WCS, Crushing-Alkali treatment groups significantly improved WCS ruminal effective degradation rate of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, Crush-Alkali (4% mixed alkali solids with NaOH/CaO ratio at 1:1) was the most beneficial to improve WCS gastrointestinal degradation of DM, CP and NDF, as well as enhance WCS rumen-bypass of EE. With the lowest free gossypol content (P&lt; 0.05). Results of animal feeding experiment showed that DMI, 4% fat corrected milk production (4% FCM), milk protein, milk fat, and content of short-chain saturated fatty acids in milk in Group II significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) compared with CON group. DMI, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in milk, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA were significantly higher in Group II than that in Group I (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, free gossypol concentration in serum and milk, as well as parameters reflecting liver function were not notably different among the three groups (P &gt; 0.05).

scholarly journals Assessment of shear bond strength of brackets bonded by direct and indirect techniques: an in vitro study

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Hideo Shimizu ◽  
Karlos Giovani Grando ◽  
Isabela Almeida Shimizu ◽  
Augusto Ricardo Andriguetto ◽  
Ana Cláudia Moreira Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Indirect Bonding ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic metal brackets bonded by direct and indirect techniques. METHODS: Thirty healthy human maxillary premolar teeth were used. The teeth were divided into three groups of 10 teeth each: Group I - indirect bonding with SondhiTM Rapid-Set system (3M/Unitek), Group II - indirect bonding with TransbondTM XT adhesive system (3M/Unitek) and Group III - direct bonding with TransbondTM XT adhesive system (3M/Unitek). After bonding and obtaining the specimens for the study, the specimens were subjected to SBS testing in a universal testing machine (Emic, model DL-500). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to ascertain that the data had a normal distribution and the Bartlett test to check whether there was homogeneity of variance. One-factor analysis of variance was performed and, subsequently, Tukey's test for paired means. A 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS: The results of Group I were 67.6 (N) and 5.9 (MPa); Group II, 68.9 (N) and 6.1 (MPa) and Group III (control), 92.5 (N) and 8.1 (MPa). CONCLUSION: It can therefore be concluded that the means for Group III were significantly higher compared with Groups I and II in both Newton (N) and Megapascal (MPa) values. The means attained by the indirect bonding technique used in Groups I and II, however, exhibited no statistically significant differences.

scholarly journals Management of patients with rectocele, multiple pelvic floor dysfunctions and obstructed defecation syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sthela Maria Murad-Regadas ◽  
Francisco Sergio P. Regadas ◽  
Lusmar Veras Rodrigues ◽  
Graziela Olivia da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Guilherme Buchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructed Defecation ◽  
Mucosal Prolapse ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Obstructed Defecation Syndrome ◽  
Group I ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Grade Iii

CONTEXT: Management of patients with obstructed defecation syndrome is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of clinical, clinical treatment followed by biofeedback, and surgical treatment in patients with obstructed defecation, rectocele and multiple dysfunctions evaluated with echodefecography. METHODS: The study included 103 females aged 26-84 years with obstructed defecation, grade-II/III rectocele and multiple dysfunctions on echodefecography. Patients were distributed into three treatment groups and constipation scores were assigned. Group I: 34 (33%) patients with significant improvement of symptoms through clinical management only. Group II: 14 (14%) with improvement through clinical treatment plus biofeedback. Group III: 55 (53%) referred to surgery due to treatment failure. RESULTS: Group I: 20 (59%) patients had grade-II rectocele, 14 (41%) grade-III. Obstructed defecation syndrome was associated with intussusception (41%), mucosal prolapse (41%), anismus (29%), enterocele (9%) or 2 dysfunctions (23%). The average constipation score decreased significantly from 11 to 5. Group II: 11 (79%) grade-II rectocele, 3 (21%) grade-III, associated with intussusception (7%), mucosal prolapse (43%), anismus (71%) or 2 dysfunctions (29%). There was significant decrease in constipation score from 13 to 6. Group III: 8 (15%) grade-II rectocele, 47 (85%) grade-III, associated with intussusception (42%), mucosal prolapse (40%) or 2 dysfunctions (32%). The constipation score remained unchanged despite clinical treatment and biofeedback. Twenty-three underwent surgery had a significantly decrease in constipation score from 12 to 4. The remaining 32 (31%) patients which 22 refused surgery, 6 had low anal pressure and 4 had slow transit. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 50% of patients with obstructed defecation, rectocele and multiple dysfunctions presented a satisfactory response to clinical treatment and/or biofeedback. Surgical repair was mainly required in patients with grade-III rectocele whose constipation scores remained high despite all efforts.

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