scholarly journals Pyruvate is required for catecholamine-stimulated growth of different strains of Campylobacter jejuni

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10011
Author(s):  
Meicen Liu ◽  
Mark Lyte
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Iron Delivery

Humans and food-producing animals are constantly exposed to and affected by stress. As a consequence of stress, the release of stress-related catecholamines, such as norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), from nerve terminals in the gastrointestinal tract potentiates both the growth and the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. This may lead to the enhancement of gastrointestinal infections in humans or food-producing animals. Compared with foodborne bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., less is known about the effect of stress catecholamines on Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni. The present study focuses on the effect(s) of stress catecholamines DA and NE in iron-restricted media and how they affect the growth of different C. jejuni strains NCTC 11168, 81–176, and ML2126. Results demonstrated that DA- and NE-enhanced growth of C. jejuni in iron-restricted media may involve different mechanisms that cannot be explained by current understanding which relies on catecholamine-mediated iron delivery. Specifically, we found that DA-enhanced growth requires pyruvate, whereas NE-enhanced growth does not. We further report significant strain-specific dependence of C. jejuni growth on various catecholamines in the presence or absence of pyruvate. These data provide novel insights into the effect(s) of stress catecholamines on the in vitro growth of C. jejuni in iron-restricted environments, such as the intestinal tract. They suggest a mechanism by which stress-related catecholamines affect the growth of C. jejuni in the intestinal tract of food-producing animals, which in turn may influence colonization and transmission to humans.

scholarly journals Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibits Campylobacter jejuni-Induced Claudin-4 Disruption, Loss of Epithelial Barrier Function, and Escherichia coli Translocation

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 3390-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Lamb-Rosteski ◽  
Lisa D. Kalischuk ◽  
G. Douglas Inglis ◽  
Andre G. Buret
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Function ◽  
Epidermal Growth

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of acute bacterial enteritis in humans. Poultry serves as a major reservoir of C. jejuni and is thought to act as a principal vehicle of transmission to humans. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small amino acid peptide that exerts a broad range of activities on the intestinal epithelium. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of EGF on C. jejuni intestinal colonization in newly hatched chicks and to characterize its effects on C. jejuni-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption. White Leghorn chicks were treated with EGF daily, starting 1 day prior to C. jejuni infection, and were compared to control and C. jejuni-infected, EGF-treated chicks. Infected chicks shed C. jejuni in their feces throughout the study period. C. jejuni colonized the small intestine and cecum, disseminated to extraintestinal organs, and caused jejunal villus atrophy. EGF reduced jejunal colonization and dissemination of C. jejuni to the liver and spleen. In EGF-treated C. jejuni-infected chicks, villus height was not significantly different from that in untreated C. jejuni-infected chicks or controls. In vitro, C. jejuni attached to and invaded intestinal epithelial cells, disrupted tight junctional claudin-4, and increased transepithelial permeability. C. jejuni also promoted the translocation of noninvasive Escherichia coli C25. These C. jejuni-induced epithelial abnormalities were abolished by pretreatment with EGF, and the effect was dependent upon activation of the EGF receptor. These findings highlight EGF's ability to alter colonization of C. jejuni in the intestinal tract and to protect against pathogen-induced barrier defects.

Ability ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 isolates to colonize the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD1 mice is transient

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wayne Conlan ◽  
Sonia L Bardy ◽  
Rhonda KuoLee ◽  
Ann Webb ◽  
Malcolm B Perry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Intestinal Colonization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
A Current

In an attempt to improve upon a current mouse model of intestinal colonization by Escherichia coli O157:H7 used in this laboratory for vaccine development, nine clinical isolates of the pathogen were screened for their ability to persist in the intestinal tract of conventional adult CD-1 mice. None of the test isolates of E. coli O157:H7 were capable of colonizing these mice for a period of more than two weeks. Most of the isolates appeared to be benign for the experimental host, but one isolate was lethal. This virulence correlated with the ability of the latter isolate to produce large quantities of Shiga-like toxin 2 in vitro.

scholarly journals Application of Bacteriophages on Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Biofilm

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Nicola Mangieri ◽  
Roberto Foschino ◽  
Claudia Picozzi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Better Than

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli are pathogenic bacteria able to form biofilms both on abiotic surfaces and on food, thus increasing risks for food consumers. Moreover, biofilms are difficult to remove and more resistant to antimicrobial agents compared to planktonic cells. Bacteriophages, natural predators of bacteria, can be used as an alternative to prevent biofilm formation or to remove pre-formed biofilm. In this work, four STEC able to produce biofilm were selected among 31 different strains and tested against single bacteriophages and two-phage cocktails. Results showed that our phages were able to reduce biofilm formation by 43.46% both when used as single phage preparation and as a cocktail formulation. Since one of the two cocktails had a slightly better performance, it was used to remove pre-existing biofilms. In this case, the phages were unable to destroy the biofilms and reduce the number of bacterial cells. Our data confirm that preventing biofilm formation in a food plant is better than trying to remove a preformed biofilm and the continuous presence of bacteriophages in the process environment could reduce the number of bacteria able to form biofilms and therefore improve the food safety.

scholarly journals Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus) in Yogurt Inhibit the Growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp. In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
IDSAP Peramiarti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Test Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

Diarrhea is defecation with a frequency more often than usual (three times or more) a day (10 mL/kg/day) with a soft or liquid consistency, even in the form of water alone. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella sp., play a role in many cases, to which antibiotics are prescribed as the first-line therapy. However, since antibiotic resistance cases are often found, preventive therapies are needed, such as consuming yogurt, which is produced through a fermentation process by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research aimed to determine the activity of lactic acid bacteria (Liactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) in yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. The research applied in vitro with the liquid dilution test method and the true experimental design research method with post-test-only and control group design. The design was used to see the inhibitory effect of yogurt LAB on the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigell sp. to compare the effect of several different yogurt concentrations, namely 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results of the Least Significance Different analysis showed that there was a significant difference between yogurt with a concentration of 0% and that with various concentrations in inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and Shigella sp. with a p-value of &lt;0.05. Whereas, there was no significant difference in the various concentrations of yogurt in inhibiting the growth of the three kinds of bacteria with a p-value of &gt; 0.05.<p class="Default" align="center"> </p>

scholarly journals Identification and Regulation of a Novel Citrobacter rodentium Gut Colonization Fimbria (Gcf)

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (8) ◽  
pp. 1478-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo G. Caballero-Flores ◽  
Matthew A. Croxen ◽  
Verónica I. Martínez-Santos ◽  
B. Brett Finlay ◽  
José L. Puente
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Successful Infection

ABSTRACTThe Gram-negative enteric bacteriumCitrobacter rodentiumis a natural mouse pathogen that has been extensively used as a surrogate model for studying the human pathogens enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli. All three pathogens produce similar attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions in the intestinal epithelium. During infection, these bacteria employ surface structures called fimbriae to adhere and colonize the host intestinal epithelium. ForC. rodentium, the roles of only a small number of its genome-carried fimbrial operons have been evaluated. Here, we report the identification of a novelC. rodentiumcolonization factor, calledgutcolonizationfimbria (Gcf), which is encoded by a chaperone-usher fimbrial operon. AgcfAmutant shows a severe colonization defect within the first 10 days of infection. Thegcfpromoter is not active inC. rodentiumunder severalin vitrogrowth conditions; however, it is readily expressed in aC. rodentiumΔhns1mutant lacking the closest ortholog of theEscherichia colihistone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) but not in mutants with deletion of the other four genes encoding H-NS homologs. H-NS binds to the regulatory region ofgcf, further supporting its direct role as a repressor of thegcfpromoter that starts transcription 158 bp upstream of the start codon of its first open reading frame. Thegcfoperon possesses interesting novel traits that open future opportunities to expand our knowledge of the structure, regulation, and function during infection of these important bacterial structures.IMPORTANCEFimbriae are surface bacterial structures implicated in a variety of biological processes. Some have been shown to play a critical role during host colonization and thus in disease. Pathogenic bacteria possess the genetic information for an assortment of fimbriae, but their function and regulation and the interplay between them have not been studied in detail. This work provides new insights into the function and regulation of a novel fimbria called Gcf that is important for early establishment of a successful infection byC. rodentiumin mice, despite being poorly expressed underin vitrogrowth conditions. This discovery offers an opportunity to better understand the individual role and the regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of specific fimbrial operons that are critical during infection.

scholarly journals DualSeqDB: the host–pathogen dual RNA sequencing database for infection processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (D1) ◽  
pp. D687-D693
Author(s):  
Javier Macho Rendón ◽  
Benjamin Lang ◽  
Marc Ramos Llorens ◽  
Gian Gaetano Tartaglia ◽  
Marc Torrent Burgas
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Despite antibiotic resistance being a matter of growing concern worldwide, the bacterial mechanisms of pathogenesis remain underexplored, restraining our ability to develop new antimicrobials. The rise of high-throughput sequencing technology has made available a massive amount of transcriptomic data that could help elucidate the mechanisms underlying bacterial infection. Here, we introduce the DualSeqDB database, a resource that helps the identification of gene transcriptional changes in both pathogenic bacteria and their natural hosts upon infection. DualSeqDB comprises nearly 300 000 entries from eight different studies, with information on bacterial and host differential gene expression under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Expression data values were calculated entirely from raw data and analyzed through a standardized pipeline to ensure consistency between different studies. It includes information on seven different strains of pathogenic bacteria and a variety of cell types and tissues in Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Macaca fascicularis at different time points. We envisage that DualSeqDB can help the research community in the systematic characterization of genes involved in host infection and help the development and tailoring of new molecules against infectious diseases. DualSeqDB is freely available at http://www.tartaglialab.com/dualseq.

scholarly journals Enhancement of In Vitro Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria by Norepinephrine: Importance of Inoculum Density and Role of Transferrin

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 5097-5099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis M. O'Donnell ◽  
Hernan Aviles ◽  
Mark Lyte ◽  
Gerald Sonnenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Free Media

ABSTRACT Norepinephrine is a stress hormone that enhances bacterial growth. We examined the effects of a small inoculum on the norepinephrine-induced growth of species previously reported to be unaffected by norepinephrine. The results indicated that a reduced inoculum density is essential for observing norepinephrine-induced effects. Additional studies using serum-free media suggested that transferrin plays a role in norepinephrine-induced growth.

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