scholarly journals The physiological response of Ectomycorrhizal fungus Lepista sordida to Cd and Cu stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11115
Author(s):  
Yin Dachuan ◽  
Qi Jinyu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Cu Stress ◽  
Group A

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) can develop the resistance of host plants to heavy metal stress. However, little is known about the response of ECMF to heavy metal exposure. In this study, the growth and physiological indices of Lepista sordida under Cd and Cu stress were studied. The growth of L. sordida on PDA medium under Cd and Cu stress was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After the addition of Cd and Cu to the medium, the mycelium started twisting, breaking, sticking together, and even dissolving. In the control group, a good and luxuriant mycelium growth of L. sordida along with the numerous clamp connections was observed. The mycelial biomass decreased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals in a liquid medium. The catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were also investigated, and the results showed that the Cd and Cu treatments caused a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities. The contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, and free proline in L. sordida were investigated, and it was found that the contents initially increased and then decreased with the increasing concentrations of Cd and Cu. However, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with the increasing concentrations of Cd and Cu. In conclusion, the present study provides a theoretical basis for the better utilization of Ectomycorrhizal fungal resources for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal.

Heat treatment reduces oxidative stress and protects muscle mass during immobilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. R134-R139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Selsby ◽  
Stephen L. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Disuse Atrophy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Group A

This study examined the role of heating on oxidative stress and muscle mass in immobilized limbs. Rats were divided into three groups ( n = 9/group): a control group (Con), an immobilized group (Im), and an immobilized and heated group (ImH). Rats were immobilized in the plantarflexed position for 8 days. The core temperature of the ImH group was elevated to 41–41.5°C on alternating days and maintained for 30 min before cooling. On day 8, both heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) and HSP72 were markedly elevated in the ImH compared with the Im group, whereas results in the Im group were not different from Con. Most notably, the ImH group had significantly larger solei compared with the Im group, which were less than those shown in the Con group. Furthermore, immobilization alone caused a significant increase in oxidative damage, and the addition of heating to immobilization significantly reduced oxidative damage. In an effort to further identify the cause of this protective effect, antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed. CuZnSOD was sharply elevated in Im compared ( P < 0.025) with that in the Con and reduced in the ImH group compared with that in the Im group ( P < 0.025). Catalase was elevated 8% ( P < 0.025) in the Im group compared with the Con group and was similar to the ImH group. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and MnSOD did not differ between groups. These data indicate that heating provides protection against oxidative stress and preserves muscle mass during disuse atrophy. These data also suggest that antioxidant protection is not conferred via antioxidant enzymes, and HSPs may play an important role.

Effects of Ginkgo Biloba on Testicle Injury Induced by Diethylstilbestrol in Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiu-Hui Zhong ◽  
Aituan Ma ◽  
Wanyu Shi ◽  
Xiao-Si Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Gingko Biloba ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

To evaluate the effect of gingko biloba (EGb) on diethylstilbestrol (DES) induced testicle injury in mice. Fifty male mice were divided into a control group (A), DES group (B), and 3 EGb groups (C, D, E). The EGb-treated groups received peritoneal EGb at 8.75 (C), 17.5 (D), 35 mg/kg (E) BW daily for 7 days. The control group was given equivalent amount of normal saline. The mice in groups B, C, D and E were injected hypodermically with DES at 40 mg/kg BW daily 4 hours after the first herbal administration, while the control was given olive oil. Compared with DES group, the testis coefficients-relative testicular weight increased in the three EGb-treated groups. No significant difference was observed in epididymis coefficients. Lipid peroxidation status and antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly elevated in testes of EGb-treated groups. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents were significantly decreased in testes of the EGb groups. The results indicate that EGb protects the testis from diethylstilbestrol-induced injury.

scholarly journals Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates the Inhibitory Effect of Salt and Heavy Metal Stress on Lupine Yield and Downregulates Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Hassanein ◽  
Nihal Esmail ◽  
Hanan Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on antioxidant enzyme activities in <em>Lupinus </em><em>albus </em>subsp. <em>termis </em>(Forssk.) Ponert plants subjected to salt and heavy metal stress. Foliar spray of SNP (0.4 and 0.6 mM) was used as a nitric oxide (NO) donor to treat lupine plants grown under different levels of salinity (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl) and nickel (Ni) stress (100 and 150 mM Ni sulfate). Growth parameters and yield as well as total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant enzyme activities (including those of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione transferase) in NO-treated and untreated plants grown under normal or salt/heavy metal  stress conditions were determined. We found that exogenously applied SNP effectively mitigated the inhibitory effects of salinity and Ni stresses on all measured growth parameters and yield components of lupine plants. In addition, NO downregulated antioxidant enzyme activities, which proved to be a good indicator reflecting changes in the oxidative status of lupine plants in response to SNP, salt, and Ni sulfate treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of Fly Ash Amended Soil on Biochemical Attributes and Antioxidant Responses of Medicinally Potent Plant Calendula Officinalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayushi Varshney ◽  
Praveen Dahiya ◽  
Sumedha Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Phytoremediation of fly ash (FA) deposits using metal tolerant plant species has become an important eco-friendly technique for reclamation nowadays. The present study was carried out to determine the impact of FA application on photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), biochemical parameters (soluble protein, reducing sugar, nitrate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity), metal accumulation (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd, Cr, and Mn) and antioxidant defense activity (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX) of Calendula officinalis. With this aim in mind, under pot culture conditions, Calendula officinalis was grown in different combinations of FA and soil which include: Control, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% FA. The results from the study indicated that the addition of FA (40%) in soil not only improved the physico-chemical properties of soil but also increased the photosynthetic pigment and other biochemical parameters in plants, however, these parameters declined under high FA applications. On the other hand, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, APX and Peroxidase) of Calendula increased with increasing FA application to combat heavy metal stress from fly ash. At high FA applications, antioxidant enzyme levels increased in leaves thereby reflecting heavy metal stress and mitigation of reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Transcriptional Modulation of Stress-responsive Genes Under Heavy Metal Stress in Freshwater Ciliate, Euplotes Aediculatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sripoorna Somasundaram ◽  
Jeeva Susan Abraham ◽  
Swati Maurya ◽  
Ravi Toteja ◽  
Renu Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

Abstract The concentration of heavy metals in the environment is increasing predominantly due to anthropogenic activities such as mining and other industrial activities. Exposure to metals above a certain threshold level induces deleterious effects in the living organisms. To survive such harsh environment, microbes possess a range of tolerance mechanisms and express stress-responsive genes and/or antioxidant enzymes to detoxify the metal stress. Protozoans, especially ciliates, are highly sensitive to the environmental changes, thereby making them suitable model systems for ecotoxicological studies. Thus, in the present work, the effect of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper has been studied in the freshwater ciliate, Euplotes aediculatus. This study focuses on the activity of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase and glutathione peroxidase in E. aediculatus under the heavy metal stress. Also, the expression of stress-responsive genes; heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) and catalase (cat), has been studied after metal exposure. It was observed that the enzyme activity and the expression of these genes increased with an increase in the metal concentration and with the duration of metal exposure. Besides, these genes have been characterized to understand their role in cell defense. These genes of fresh water ciliate, therefore, can be used as molecular biomarkers to evaluate heavy metal toxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on soluble sugar and polyamine content in wheat seedlings exposed to heavy metal stress (Cd, Hg and Pb)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Nesrin Colak ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
Faik Ayaz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Polyamine Content

Heavy metal stress adversely affects plant growth and productivity worldwide. Alleviating the stress effect through the exogenous use of various chemical substances has become an interesting area of study in the field of plant stress tolerance. As a thiol compound, the cysteine derivative N-acetylcysteine (N-acetyl- L-cysteine, NAC) is the precursor of glutathione synthesis and a potent ROS scavenger with powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenging capabilities. This study investigated the effects of heavy metals (Cd, Hg and Pb, 100 ?M) on accumulation of soluble sugars and polyamine content in roots and shoots of wheat seedlings, the water potential and proline content in shoots and the role of NAC in protection against heavy metal toxicity. The addition of 1 mM NAC significantly increased root content of glucose, fructose and sucrose in varying degrees (avg. 1.34-, 1.20- and 1.51-fold, respectively) in comparison with heavy metals alone. The treatments led to a significant reduction of sugar content in shoots. Water potential values were highly correlated with proline and sugar content in wheat seedling shoots. Heavy metal stress significantly reduced polyamine content in both plant parts. The addition of NAC increased polyamine content in seedlings in comparison with heavy metals alone in both roots and shoots. These results suggest that NAC may protect plants from oxidative stress damage in heavy metal stress, and this enhancement of stress tolerance seems to involve soluble sugar and polyamine biosynthesis.

Biochemical changes and adaptive strategies of plants under heavy metal stress

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Solanki ◽  
Rajesh Dhankhar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Exposure

AbstractHeavy metal contamination of soil, aqueous waste stream and ground water causes major environmental and human health problems. Heavy metals are major environmental pollutants when they are present in high concentration in soil and show potential toxic effects on growth and development in plants. Due to unabated, indiscriminate and uncontrolled discharge of hazardous chemicals including heavy metals into the environment, plant continuously have to face various environmental constraints. In plants, seed germination is the first exchange interface with the surrounding medium and has been considered as highly sensitive to environmental changes. One of the crucial events during seed germination entails mobilization of seed reserves which is indispensable for the growth of embryonic axis. But, metabolic alterations by heavy metal exposure are known to depress the mobilization and utilization of reserve food by affecting the activity of hydrolytic enzymes. Some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals by which they manage to survive under metal stress. High tolerance to heavy metal toxicity could rely either on reduced uptake or increase planned internal sequestration which is manifested by an interaction between a genotype and its environment. Such mechanism involves the binding of heavy metals to cell wall, immobilization, exclusion of the plasma membrane, efflux of these toxic metal ions, reduction of heavy metal transport, compartmentalization and metal chelation by tonoplast located transporters and expression of more general stress response mechanisms such as stress proteins. It is important to understand the toxicity response of plant to heavy metals so that we can utilize appropriate plant species in the rehabilitation of contaminated areas. Therefore, in the present review attempts have been made to evaluate the effects of increasing level of heavy metal in soils on the key behavior of hydrolytic and nitrogen assimilation enzymes. Additionally, it also provides a broad overview of the strategies adopted by plants against heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Blood Lead, Cadmium and Zinc Correlations in Elderly Rural Residents

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Pavlina L. Gidikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

Abstract Background: Combined exposure to heavy metals could be expected among residents of two villages in Stara Zagora Municipality due to significant pollution sources in the region, confirmed by increased heavy metal concentrations in plant samples identified by previous studies. The risk is increased for retired villagers who consume food produced in their own farms. Aims: To determine blood levels of lead, cadmium and zinc and the correlation between them in high-risk elderly rural inhabitants in comparison with a control group. Materials and methods: Lead, cadmium and zinc concentrations in whole venous blood were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in exposed and in control groups adjusted by sex, age, smoking habit, lifestyle and duration of residence in the settlements. Results: Blood values of lead and cadmium in the exposed group were significantly higher than these in the control group (p<0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation between lead and cadmium blood levels was estimated for the exposed group (ρ=0.39, p=0.023). Blood zinc levels correlated negatively with both lead (ρ=-0.41, p=0.015) and cadmium blood levels (ρ=-0.44, p=0.009). No correlations between the studied metals were found in the control group. Conclusion: The observed results could be explained by a long-term combined exposure to lead and cadmium in the studied elderly residents. The negative correlation of zinc blood levels versus lead and cadmium could be result of competition. Complete protein intake and supplementation with zinc, calcium and iron after control measurements are advisable for elderly rural inhabitants to reduce the health risk from heavy metal exposure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document