Incidence of and social-demographic and obstetric factors associated with postpartum depression: differences among ethnic Han and Kazak women of Northwestern China

Background Studies on postpartum depression (PPD) in China have focused primarily on women of Han ethnicity, whereas work on other ethnic groups has proven limited. This study explored the ethnic differences of associated social-demographic and obstetric factors for PPD between Han-majority and Kazak-minority women in northwestern China. Methods Han and Kazak women who received routine examinations at four hospitals in a multi-ethnic area of China six weeks after childbirth between March 2016 and December 2016 were included in the study. Data on the women’s socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric factors, and possible depression at six weeks after childbirth were collected. We examined the associated factors of PPD using multivariable logistic regression analyses by ethnic group. Results The overall incidence of PPD was 14.6% (184/1,263) at six weeks after childbirth. PPD was detected more frequently among Kazak (16.1%) than Han women (13.1%). Kazak women exhibited a higher risk of PPD (adjusted OR = 1.561, 95% CI [1.108–2.198], P = 0.011). Urinary incontinence (UI) represented a significant risk factor of PPD for Kazak compared with Han women (OR = 1.720, 95% CI [1.056–2.804], P = 0.003). In contrast, the presence of the mother-in-law as a caregiver after childbirth demonstrated a positive association with PPD among Han (OR = 2.600, 95% CI [1.499–4.512], P = 0.001), but not with Kazak women. Conclusions Kazak women were more likely to develop PPD than Han women, even after controlling for confounders. Moreover, distinct risk factors for PPD existed for Han and Kazak women. Future research that explores the relationships between Han women and their mothers-in-law as well as Kazak women’s attitudes toward UI could help us further understand PPD in these populations.

Download Full-text

The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Perpetration and Non-suicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review

Child Psychiatry & Human Development ◽

10.1007/s10578-021-01231-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gianluca Serafini ◽

Andrea Aguglia ◽

Andrea Amerio ◽

Giovanna Canepa ◽

Giulia Adavastro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peer Victimization ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Future Research ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Self Injury ◽

Long Run ◽

Bully Victims

AbstractExperience of bullying may be a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study had three aims: to systematically investigate the association between bullying and NSSI, analyze the possible mechanisms underlying the two phenomena, and evaluate any differences between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration with respect to NSSI. A systematic search about the association between bullying victimization and perpetration and NSSI was conducted using specific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct). The following keywords were used in all database searches: "bullying" AND "NSSI" OR "peer victimization" and NSSI. The searches in PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct revealed a total of 88 articles about bullying or peer victimization and NSSI. However, only 29 met our inclusion criteria and were used for the present review. Overall, all studies examined victimization; four studies also evaluated the effects of perpetration and one included bully-victims. According to the main findings, both being a victim of bullying and perpetrating bullying may increase the risk of adverse psychological outcomes in terms of NSSI and suicidality in the short and the long run. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically evaluate the relation between bullying victimization/perpetration and NSSI. The main results support a positive association. Future research should evaluate the possible role of specific mediators/moderators of the association between experience of bullying and NSSI.

Download Full-text

The association between obesity and depression in adults: a meta-review

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S267-S267

Author(s):

Abdi Malik Musa ◽

Samuele Cortese ◽

Olivia Bloodworth

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Future Research ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Medical File ◽

Depressed Adolescent ◽

Meta Review

AimsObesity and depression are increasing in prevalence and have become key issues in the public health of the modern day. We performed a meta-review to summarise the association between obesity and depression in adults.MethodA systematic literature search was undertaken on MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science for systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses (MA) on the association between obesity and depression in adults (>18 years) published before 18 September 2018. Any approach to define depressive disorders (e.g. via structured interview or code in medical file) was accepted. Likewise, any method to assess obesity was accepted. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment was completed by two reviewers independently, with a third reviewer to arbitrate any disagreement. AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the pertinent SRs/MAs.ResultAfter duplicate removal, we identified 6007 potentially pertinent citations. Following, title, abstract and full-text screening, 10 studies were included in the review; nine SRs with MAs and one SR. A statistically significant association between obesity and depression was reported in all nine SRs with MAs, with odds ratios ranging from 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11-1.26) to 1.57 (95% CI = 1.53-2.01). Increased severity of obesity (body mass index over 40) was associated with a greater odds of becoming depressed. Odds of developing depression were greater for obese females, compared to obese males, but this difference was not statistically significant. Depression was shown to be a significant risk factor for future obesity in all four relevant MAs with odds ratios ranging from 1.18 (95% CI = 1.13-1.23) to 1.40 (95% CI = 1.14-1.71) . Depressed adolescent females had the highest odds of becoming obese, significantly more so than depressed adolescent males and depressed adults. The quality of the included studies were mixed with five scoring moderate quality, three low quality and two critically low quality.ConclusionThe findings suggest a reciprocal association between depression and obesity, which may be modulated by age and gender. Future research should assess the potential effect of obesity and depression severity more carefully while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. These results warrant the investigation of the effect of obesity or depression intervention on the outcomes of the other.FUNDINGThis research received no financial sponsorship.

Download Full-text

Civil Protective Order Effectiveness: Justice or Just a Piece of Paper?

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.25.3.332 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 332-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

TK Logan ◽

Robert T Walker

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Future Research ◽

Perceived Effectiveness ◽

Protective Order ◽

Protective Orders ◽

Study Results ◽

Future Harm

Many victims, victim advocates, and even law enforcement believe that protective orders are “just a piece of paper,” suggesting that they do not work or are not effective. This study examined protective order effectiveness by following 210 women for 6 months after obtaining a protective order. There are four main themes that were identified from the study results. First, protective orders were not violated for half of the women in the sample during the 6-month follow-up period. Second, even among those who experienced violations, there were significant reductions in abuse and violence. Third, overall, women were less fearful of future harm from the PO partner at the 6-month follow-up, and a vast majority felt the protective order was fairly or extremely effective. Fourth, stalking emerges as a significant risk factor for protective order violations, sustained fear, and lower perceived effectiveness of the protective order. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Download Full-text

Smoking and Incidence of Sleep Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27889/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nan Hu ◽

Chunyi Wang ◽

Yan Liao ◽

Qichen Dai ◽

Shiyi Cao

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Sleep Disorder ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Both smoking and sleep disorder are worldwide problems and this study aim to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of sleep disorder. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of sleep disorder were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results This systematic review included seven cohort studies involving 17,414 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could increase the incidence of sleep disorder (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). For regular smokers and occasional smokers, significant association between smoking and incidence of sleep disorder was found (regular smoker: OR = 1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13; occasional smoker: OR = 1.62, 95% CI:1.15,2.28). As for ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a positive association (OR = 1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and religion showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of sleep disorder in specific groups. Conclusions Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of sleep disorder. Considering the limited amount of available researches, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

Download Full-text

Substance misuse, psychiatric disorder and violent and disturbed behaviour

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.176.4.345 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 176 (4) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 167

Author(s):

Michael Soyka

Keyword(s):

Substance Misuse ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Male Gender ◽

Psychosocial Treatment ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Future Research ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest schizophrenia and substance misuse to be associated with a higher rate of violence and crime.AimsThe literature was evaluated to assess whether people with schizophrenia who use substances have an increased risk for violence and disturbed behaviour.MethodA detailed Medline analysis was performed and relevant studies were reviewed.ResultsA large number of studies have linked substance misuse in schizophrenia with male gender, high incidence of homelessness, more pronounced psychotic symptoms, non-adherence with medication, poor prognosis, violence and aggression. The latter has been proved by clinical, epidemiological and longitudinal prospective studies of unselected birth cohorts. The increased risk for aggression and violent acts cannot be interpreted only as a result of poor social integration. Male gender, more severe psychopathology, a primary antisocial personality, repeated intoxications and non-adherence with treatment are important confounding variables.ConclusionSubstance misuse has been shown consistently to be a significant risk factor for violence and disturbed behaviour. Future research should try to evaluate possible pharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches.

Download Full-text

Stalking Victimization Among College Students: The Role of Disability Within a Lifestyle-Routine Activity Framework

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128717714794 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 650-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bradford W. Reyns ◽

Heidi Scherer

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

The United States ◽

Routine Activities ◽

Routine Activity ◽

Future Research ◽

Alcohol And Drug Use ◽

Increase Risk ◽

Stalking Victimization

This study utilized the routine activity perspective and incorporated measures of disability to examine the underexplored relationship between disability status and stalking victimization. Survey data from approximately 43,000 college students from across the United States were examined to explore these relationships. Results indicated that disability was a significant risk factor for victimization. Consistent with theoretical expectations, several measures of lifestyles and routine activities also were found to increase risk of stalking victimization, including volunteering, employment, and risk-taking behaviors such as alcohol and drug use. Collectively, the results suggest that measures of disability should be incorporated into future research testing the routine activities perspective for interpersonal victimization.

Download Full-text

Mental Health among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Comparison

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2686

Author(s):

Kele Ding ◽

Jingzhen Yang ◽

Ming-Kai Chin ◽

Lindsay Sullivan ◽

Giyasettin Demirhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Anxiety ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Study Data ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Country Level

Despite the global impact of COVID-19, studies comparing the effects of COVID-19 on population mental health across countries are sparse. This study aimed to compare anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown among adults from 11 countries and to examine their associations with country-level COVID-19 factors and personal COVID-19 exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, North Macedonia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Mental health (anxiety, depression, resilient coping, hope) and other study data were collected between June–August 2020. Of the 13,263 participants, 62.8% were female and 51.7% were 18–34 years old. Participants living in Brazil had the highest anxiety and depression symptoms while participants living in Singapore had the lowest. Greater personal COVID-19 exposure was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, but country-level COVID-19 factors were not. Higher levels of hope were associated with reduced anxiety and depression; higher levels of resilient coping were associated with reduced anxiety but not depression. Substantial variations exist in anxiety and depression symptoms across countries during the COVID-19 lockdown, with personal COVID-19 exposure being a significant risk factor. Strategies that mitigate COVID-19 exposure and enhance hope and resilience may reduce anxiety and depression during global emergencies.

Download Full-text

Acculturative stress and coping among Korean immigrant elders residing in non-Korean ethnic enclaves

International Social Work ◽

10.1177/0020872817741183 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 622-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephanie L Rhee

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Acculturative Stress ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Ethnic Enclaves ◽

Korean Immigrant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Coping

Few studies that have been conducted on Korean immigrant elders have been carried out in areas without Korean ethnic enclaves due to their small numbers and proportion. This nonprobability cross-sectional study utilized a structured survey to examine the relationships of acculturative stress, coping, and depressive symptoms among 108 non-institutionalized Korean immigrant elders residing in areas without Korean ethnic enclaves. Multivariate analysis results indicated that acculturative stress might be the most significant risk factor for depressive symptoms, which could decrease coping efficacy of social support and increase somatic symptoms of Korean immigrant elders residing in non-Korean ethnic enclaves. Implications for future research, practice, and policy are discussed.

Download Full-text

Association of Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle and Chronotype with Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly—Lessons from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Claudia Terschüren ◽

Lukas Damerau ◽

Elina Larissa Petersen ◽

Volker Harth ◽

Matthias Augustin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Dash Score ◽

Dash Diet ◽

Aging Populations

In aging populations, the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the resulting elevated risk of developing non-communicable diseases is a major challenge for worldwide health care. The elderly population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) allows investigating the association in the relevant age group 45–74 years. For 3513 of 10,000 participants, self-reported information on dietary patterns (DASH, MEDAS), chronotype, lifestyle, and data on metabolic syndrome parameters was available. Overall, having a “low” DASH score was a statistically significant risk factor (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.48). Only for “late” chronotype, a slightly elevated OR (1.06) was found, but no statistically significant effect on the outcome of metabolic syndrome. Still, considering chronotype vastly improved the model. However, a trend of an increasing predicted probability from early to late chronotype was found for participants with low adherence to the DASH diet. Future research should focus on options for prevention in persons with late chronotype, so they can be supported better in adherence to, e.g., DASH diet to lower their risk.

Download Full-text

Association Between Serum Calcium and the Prevalence of Hypertension Among US Adults

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.719165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Hua ◽

Heng-li Liu ◽

Jin-Yu Sun ◽

Xiang-Qing Kong ◽

Wei Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Calcium Level ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cubic Spline ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Hypertension is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, posing a serious threat to global health. Calcium plays an important role in regulating body homeostasis. The association of calcium with hypertension remains uncertain in the general population.Methods and Results: Cross-sectional data from the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were used to investigate the association of serum calcium with the prevalence of hypertension. A total of 26,778 participants were included. The increase in calcium levels showed a positive association with the prevalence of hypertension in all three models with ORs of 1.347 (1.249–1.454), 1.522 (1.401–1.654), and 1.438 (1.306–1.583). The further subgroup analysis demonstrated a robust trend across all categories by sex, age, race, BMI, and eGFR. The restricted cubic spline plot exhibited an S-curve relationship between calcium and hypertension.Conclusion: Our cross-sectional study demonstrated a positive association between higher serum calcium level and the prevalence of hypertension. Our findings highlighted serum calcium level in hypertensive patients.

Download Full-text