scholarly journals Shark and ray diversity in the Tropical America (Neotropics)—an examination of environmental and historical factors affecting diversity

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Domingo Carrillo-Briceño ◽  
Juan D. Carrillo ◽  
Orangel Antonio Aguilera ◽  
Marcelo R. Sanchez-Villagra
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Central American ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Atlantic Province ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Geological Units ◽  
Central Atlantic

We present the first comprehensive review of the present and past shark and ray diversity in marine waters of Tropical America, examining the patterns of distribution in the Eastern Central Pacific (EP) and Western Central Atlantic (WA) realms. We identified the major regions of diversity and of endemism, and explored the relations to physical variables. We found a strong relationship between shark and ray diversity with area and coastal length of each province. The Tropical Northwestern Atlantic Province is characterized by high diversity and greater occurrence of endemic species, suggesting this province as the hotspot of sharks and rays in Tropical America. The historical background for the current biogeography is explored and analyzed. Referential data from 67 geological units in 17 countries, from both shallow and deep-water habitats, across five time-clusters from the Miocene to the Pleistocene were studied. New data include 20 new assemblages from six countries. The most diverse Neogene and extant groups of shark and ray are Carcharhiniformes and Myliobatiformes, respectively. The differentiation between Pacific and Atlantic faunas goes to at least the middle Miocene, probably related with the increasing closure of the Central American Seaway acting as a barrier. The highest faunal similarity between the assemblages from the EP and the WA at the early Miocene could be related to the lack of a barrier back then, but increased sampling is needed to substantiate this hypothesis.

Aflatoxins biosynthesis, toxicity and intervention strategies: A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
Food Commodities

Aflatoxins (AFTs) are toxic products of fungal metabolism, associated with serious health consequences and substantial economic losses to agriculture, livestock and poultry sectors, particularly in the developing countries. This review outlines the current information on AFTs in terms of historical background, classification, relative occurrence and co-existence with other mycotoxins in various food commodities. The phenomenon of aflatoxin (AFT) biosynthesis has been elucidated with reference to molecular basis, genetic regulation and factors affecting the AFT production. Moreover, the in vivo disposition kinetics, toxicological action and toxico-pathological consequences of AFTs have also been highlighted. Currently employed strategies for the detection and detoxification of AFTs, biomarkers of exposure assessment, potential economic impact and regulatory considerations regarding the AFTs have been emphasized.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara) in Sardinia explained by land use and climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpasquale Chiatante ◽  
Marta Giordano ◽  
Anna Vidus Rosin ◽  
Oreste Sacchi ◽  
Alberto Meriggi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
European Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractMore than half of the European population of the Barbary Partridge is in Sardinia; nonetheless, the researches concerning this species are very scarce, and its conservation status is not defined because of a deficiency of data. This research aimed to analyse the habitat selection and the factors affecting the abundance and the density of the Barbary Partridge in Sardinia. We used the data collected over 8 years (between 2004 and 2013) by spring call counts in 67 study sites spread on the whole island. We used GLMM to define the relationships between the environment (topography, land use, climate) both the occurrence and the abundance of the species. Moreover, we estimated population densities by distance sampling. The Barbary Partridge occurred in areas at low altitude with garrigue and pastures, avoiding woodlands and sparsely vegetated areas. We found a strong relationship between the occurrence probability and the climate, in particular, a positive relation with temperature and a negative effect of precipitation, especially in April–May, during brood rearing. Furthermore, dry crops positively affected the abundance of the species. We estimated a density of 14.1 partridges per km2, similar to other known estimates. Our findings are important both because they increase the knowledge concerning this species, which is considered data deficient in Italy, and because they are useful to plan management actions aimed to maintain viable populations if necessary.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Lebanese Healthcare

2017 ◽  
pp. 208-220
Author(s):  
Johnny Chalita Chaanine
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Entrepreneurial Factors

In a world that is swiftly evolving, working life conditions are continuously changing too; this chapter will deal with changing environment and its impact on our lives; it will cover the historical background of healthcare in Lebanon, the entrepreneurial factors affecting the Lebanese hospitals stressing on the working life needs especially the skills needed to learn new things which will provide a better ability to adapt to changing working environments. This chapter also stresses on the role of core competences among entrepreneurs in special fields of social and health care. The healthcare industry has experienced a worldwide growth and proliferation of innovation aimed at improving our lives, its quality and providing better treatment in addition to creating a good working environment enhancing employee performance and self-satisfaction.

scholarly journals U.S. Army Medical Corps Recruitment, Job Satisfaction, and Retention: Historical Perspectives and Current Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (9-10) ◽  
pp. e1596-e1602
Author(s):  
W Sanders Marble ◽  
E Darrin Cox ◽  
Julie A Hundertmark ◽  
Paul J Goymerac ◽  
Clinton K Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling

Abstract Introduction This study was conducted to identify and understand the current factors affecting recruitment, job satisfaction, and retention of U.S. Army Medical Corps officers and provide historical background to understand if the current factors are dissimilar. Materials and Methods An anonymous, voluntary questionnaire was sent to U.S. Army Medical Corps officers, and responses were tabulated and analyzed. Historical research was conducted and historical analysis applied. Results Recruiting, job satisfaction, and retention among Army Medical Corps Officers have been problematic throughout the 50-year history of the all-volunteer force. Recruiting has largely been of medical students, with very limited numbers of direct accessions. At times, satisfactory overall numbers have camouflaged shortages in key go-to-war specialties. Also, satisfactory numbers in a specialty have sometimes camouflaged problems in depth of experience. Satisfaction has been seen as a problem but apparently only studied informally and/or episodically. Retention has largely been addressed through service obligations, followed by monetary bonuses, although these have to be across the Department of Defense, limiting service flexibility. There has never been consistent, longitudinal sampling of opinion among Medical Corps Officers to allow senior leaders to influence the Department of Defense policy. A recent (2016) study provides substantial data but should be repeated rather than being isolated. Conclusion As the situation in the Department of Defense and Army Medical Department changes, with more focus on go-to-war specialties, the Army needs to better measure opinion among Medical Corps Officers to inform policy. These studies should be conducted regularly to generate reliable information on trends and allow prioritization of effort to areas that hamper recruiting, undermine satisfaction, and prevent retention.

FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF PORE CLOSING DURING CYLINDER UPSETTING

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (31n32) ◽  
pp. 5768-5773 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN CHEOL LEE ◽  
SUNG MIN JANG ◽  
JU HYUN CHO ◽  
MAN SOO JOUN
Keyword(s):  
Metal Forming ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dimensional Precision ◽  
Cylinder Diameter ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Major Factors

Three-dimensional precision simulation of pore closing during cylinder upsetting is carried out in this paper. A matrix of pores on the longitudinal section of a cylindrical material is traced at the same time. Various ratios of pore-to-cylinder diameter are tested to reveal their effect on the pore closing phenomena. Hydrostatic pressure and effective strain as well as the order of pore closing are investigated in detail to find out major factors affecting pore closing. It is shown that the effective strain has a strong relationship with the pore closing phenomena and that the finishing time of pore closing increases as the ratio of pore-to-cylinder diameter increases but that the pore size effect becomes negligible if the ratio exceeds a critical value. An intelligent metal forming simulator AFDEX 3D is used.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF 4G SERVICES: THE CASE OF VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Binh Tran Duy ◽  
Tran Huu Ai
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Value Perception ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The Impact

4G services open the door for conversation and data communications by means of high-speed mobile connection. However, the actual use of the 4G speeds is still below expectations. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction of factors involved in the adoption of this technology. Previous studies have shown that such variables as convenience, efficient service quality and variety of services, perceived value and price are important factors in the course of 4G technology adoption. In this study, the authors examine the impact of these factors on own sample of the 4G service users. Our research results demonstrate that: 1) price, convenience and varied services are important predictors of value perception; 2) there is a relationship between diversity of services and the sense of value mediated by convenience and 3) perceived value has a strong relationship with the intention to buy.

scholarly journals Rudolf Schlechter's South-American orchids I. Historical and bibliographical background

Lankesteriana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ossenbach ◽  
Rudolf Jenny
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
South American ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flora Of South America ◽  
Complete Bibliography

This study represents the first part of a series dedicated to the work of Rudolf Schlechter on the orchid flora of South America. The historical background of Schlechter’s botanical activity is outlined, and salient aspects of his biography, as well as his main scientific relationships, in particular with Oakes Ames, and the origins of his interest in tropical America are discussed. We also present a complete bibliography relative to Schlechter’s production on the orchid floras of South American countries, with his network of orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors, and checklists of all the new taxa that he described from each individual country.   Key words: bibliography, biography, history of botany, Orchidaceae, South America

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOCIOCULTURAL SITUATION ON SELF-EDUCATION OF RESIDENTS OF KARELIAN DISTRICTS AS A FACTOR OF HUMAN CAPITAL PRESERVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
IRINA SUVOROVA
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Main Factors

The article raises the problem of self-education of residents of the Karelian border region and the Arctic as the most important aspect of preserving human capital in the territory of the Republic in conditions of stable labour migration. The purpose of the article is to detect the influence of soci-ocultural factors on the level of self-education of the population of the districts remote from the capital centers. In a research the complex methodology including standard and non-standard ques-tionnaires, an interview, colloquiums, focus groups and questioning is used. Residents of Kosto-muksh city district, Sortaval, Pitkärant, Lahdenpoh municipal districts were involved as respondents for the study. The study found that the sociocultural situation is one of the determining factors of the self-educational activity of modern man, as it contributes to the formation of his axiosphere at the level of spiritual and material values. Analysis of the real sociocultural situation at the level of factors of internal order (social dynamics, economic model of development, changes in the political regime, state structure), historical factors (national peculiarities of culture, in the context of which the formation of current generations took place) and the factor of influence of global processes can identify the main factors determining the request for self-educational activities of our contemporar-ies. The results of the cameral processing of empirical data have made it possible to identify two main factors affecting the formation of a high motivation for self-education, which allows the in-habitants of Karelia to realize their spiritual and material needs at a high level and to preserve human capital as the main value of society in the unstable situation of a globalizing world.

scholarly journals The Role of Forensic Accounting in Reducing the Financial Fraud in Business

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Anas Ihsan Shakir ◽  
Thabit Hassan Thabit
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forensic Accounting ◽  
The World ◽  
Professional Disciplines

After the overlapping of science and with the cases of corruption and financial fraud experienced by most countries in the world, academic studies began to unite to create dual professional disciplines. One of the most important of these unions is the union of law with accounting to produce the concept of forensic accounting after the legal accounting with unlimited powers to go further to detect corruption and fraud. In this paper, we discussed many issues such as the nature of financial fraud in business, the extent of its impact on the confidence of the public mainly, the types of financial fraud and the most important factors affecting it, in addition to clarifying the theoretical framework of forensic accounting, its historical background, and its role in reducing financial fraud through a review of the most important global experiences. The importance of this paper can be presented as a scientific study that examines the possibility of using forensic accounting as an effective tool to eliminate cases of fraud in business, and to benefit the management, investors and lenders by narrowing the trust gap between these parties.

scholarly journals Stratigraphic Lexicon: The Onshore Cenozoic Sedimentary Formations of The Republic of Panama

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Bocas Del Toro ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Petroleum Companies ◽  
Cenozoic Era ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Geological Units

The stratigraphic knowledge of Panama was, until now, spread over hundreds of scientific/geologic publications written during the past 120 years. The construction of the Panama Canal during the early twentieth century helped galvanizing the engineering and geological disciplines to understand the tectonic, sedimentation and biodiversity of the Cenozoic Era in this part of the world. Later, few petroleum companies arrived on the scene and contributed to our knowledge of the sub-surface. The past thirty years saw a surge of studies by many institutions in areas away from the Canal, such as in Darien, Azuero Peninsula, Bocas del Toro, and the Burica Peninsula near the Costa Rica Border. Our most recent knowledge came from the widening of the Panama Canal between 2007 and 2016. It is from all these older and recent studies that the present Lexicon draws its content. It provides the historical background of all described geological units in Panama and summarizes the lithological and paleontological knowledge of each units in an easy-to-search format.

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