scholarly journals Age-dependent differences in iris colouration of passerines during autumn migration in Central Europe

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9188
Author(s):  
Michał Polakowski ◽  
Krzysztof Stępniewski ◽  
Joanna Śliwa-Dominiak ◽  
Magdalena Remisiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Eye Colour ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Iris Colour

Avian eye colour changes with age, but many aspects of this transition are still insufficiently understood. We examined if an individual’s sex, age, species and body condition are related to the iris colour in common migratory passerines during their autumn passage through Central Europe. A total of 1,399 individuals from nine numerous species were ringed and examined in late autumn in northern Poland. Each individual was sexed by plumage (if possible) and assigned to one of three classes of the iris colour—typical for immatures, typical for adults and intermediate. We found that the iris was typical in 97.7% cases of immatures and in 75.8% cases of adults and this difference was significant. Species, sex and body mass index (BMI) had no significant influence on the iris colour. We show that iris colour in passerines in late autumn is strongly age-dependent and thus can serve as a reliable feature for ageing in field studies, especially in species difficult to age by plumage.

Heterogeneous model of schistosomiasis transmission and long-term control: the combined influence of spatial variation and age-dependent factors on optimal allocation of drug therapy

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. GURARIE ◽  
C. H. KING
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Heterogeneous Model ◽  
Age Dependent

Prior field studies and modelling analyses have individually highlighted the importance of age-specific and spatial heterogeneities on the risk for schistosomiasis in human populations. As long-term, large-scale drug treatment programs for schistosomiasis are initiated in subSaharan Africa and elsewhere, optimal strategies for timing and distribution of therapy have yet to be fully defined on the working, district-level scale, where strong heterogeneities are often observed among sublocations. Based on transmission estimates from recent field studies, we develop an extended model of heterogeneous schistosome transmission for distributed human and snail population clusters and age-dependent behaviour, based on a ‘mean worm burden+snail infection prevalence’ formulation. We analyse its equilibria and basic reproduction patterns and their dependence on the underlying transmission parameters. Our model allows the exploration of chemotherapy-based control strategies targeted at high-risk behavioural groups and localities, and the approach to an optimal design in terms of cost. Efficacy of the approach is demonstrated for a model environment having linked, but spatially-distributed, populations and transmission sites.

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Rubus sect. Corylifolii (Rosaceae) in Central Europe

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 388 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERGELY KIRÁLY
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Locus Classicus

During recent herbarium and field studies three names of Rubus sect. Corylifolii ser. Subcanescentes were re-assessed. Rubus macrostemonides was typified with a neotype specimen from Salzburg (Austria), and its identity with R. baruthicus was shown (the previous name has the priority). Its presence at the Austrian locus classicus was confirmed also recently, this locality represents the easternmost occurrence of the species. The name R. holosericeus was (mis)applied for a long time for a widespread taxon occurring southeast of the Alps that is not at all present in the original material. This name was lectotypified with a specimen from Styria (Austria) here as a hitherto overlooked regional species recently recorded in Austria, Hungary and Slovenia. The taxon that was formerly (mis)identified as R. holosericeus has proven to be identical to R. semitomentosus, which is lectotypified here with a specimen from Hungary. For both taxa clarified here is, beside a circumstantial assessment of the type material, an improved morphological characterization and circumscription of distribution and habitats presented.

scholarly journals Age-dependent effects of body mass index across the adult life span on the risk of dementia: a cohort study with a genetic approach

BMC Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida K. Karlsson ◽  
Kelli Lehto ◽  
Margaret Gatz ◽  
Chandra A. Reynolds ◽  
Anna K. Dahl Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Age Dependent

On the interpretation of age—prevalence curves for schistosome infections of host snails

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. J. Woolhouse
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Patent Infection

SUMMARYThe prevalence of schistosome infections in intermediate host snails varies with snail age. The relationship between age and prevalence, the age—prevalence curve, is complex and may vary in space and time, and among parasite—host species. Field studies show that the shape of the age—prevalence curve may be seasonally variable, and that at some times there may be a decline in prevalence among older snails. This paper attempts to explain these observations in terms of the underlying epidemiological processes. A discrete-time version of Muench's catalytic model for age-dependent infection is developed. Model simulations were carried out using life-history and epidemiological parameters derived from studies ofSchistosoma haematobium—Bulinus globususin Zimbabwe. Analysis of model behaviour identifies aspects of the schistosome— snail interaction that affect the shape of the age—prevalence curve. The following features can result in a decline in prevalence among older snails. (1) A decrease in the survival rate of patent infected snails with age. (2) A decrease in the force of infection with age. (3) A high rate of loss of infection. (4) A heterogeneity in the snail population such that the probability of infection is correlated with snail fecundity. (This would occur if there existed a spatial correlation between force of infection and fecundity, or if there were a correlation between fecundity and susceptibility.) The evidence for the occurrence of these features in the field is assessed. Survival rate is related more closely to the duration of patent infection than to ageper se. The evidence for age-dependent force of infection is equivocal. Significant loss-of-infection rates have yet to be demonstrated. Heterogeneities in force of infection and fecundity have been reported and, for the Zimbabwe data, this mechanism can explain seasonally in the age—prevalence curve as a function of known seasonal variation in the force of infection and snail fecundity.

scholarly journals Lanthanide luminescent logic gate mimics in soft matter: [H+] and [F−] dual-input device in a polymer gel with potential for selective component release

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (92) ◽  
pp. 16565-16568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Bradberry ◽  
Joseph P. Byrne ◽  
Colin P. McCoy ◽  
Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Circuit ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Eye Colour ◽  
Colour Changes

Non-covalent incorporation of responsive luminescent lanthanide into a polymer gel produces three-output logic circuit with significant naked-eye colour changes.

In-Hospital Mortality as a Function of Body Mass Index: An Age-Dependent Variable

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. M59-M63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Potter ◽  
D. F. Schafer ◽  
R. L. Bohi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Age-dependent relationships between body mass index and mortality: Singapore longitudinal ageing study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0180818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tze Pin Ng ◽  
Aizhen Jin ◽  
Khuan Yew Chow ◽  
Liang Feng ◽  
Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Ageing Study ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Is it possible to reduce the complications and mortality of patients undergoing radical cystectomy? Effectiveness of pre-operative parameters. A prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
Övünç Kavukoglu ◽  
Alper Coskun ◽  
Kubilay Sabuncu ◽  
Emre Çamur ◽  
Gökhan Faydaci
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum albumin, hematocrit (HTC), age-dependent Charlson comorbidity index, body mass index (BMI), and deleted operation time in predicting mortality and complications associated with radical cystectomy. Materials and methods: All patients planned for radical cystectomy owing to bladder cancer were investigated prospectively between 2015 and 2016 in our clinic. A total of 55 cases were included in the study. Patients' characteristics, preoperative serum albumin values, hematocrit level, age-dependent Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), body mass index and deleted operation time, drainage catheter time, gas-stool expulsion time were recorded. The patients were followed up for 90 days. Results: Age of cases, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and HCT were not different in patients with or without complications (overall) or severe complications nor in patients who died or survived after the procedure. The albumin value of the cases with observed mortality and complications was significantly lower than that of the cases with no mortality and complications. In multivariate and univariate analysis, low albumin level was established to be meaningful in predicting mortality and serious complications. The cut-off point for albumin, according to mortality, was found to be 4.1. Mortality within 90 days was 16.3% (n = 9). Conclusions: We have evaluated albumin as a marker that could indicate both mortality and the presence of severe complications after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion.

scholarly journals Role of Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index on Blood Pressure among Students of St. Hendrikus High School, Surabaya, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Susilowati Andajani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Diastolic Hypertension

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), and nutritional status on blood pressure in class X and XI students, SMAK St. Hendrikus, Surabaya, Indonesia. The sample of students in class X and XI of SMAK St. Hendrikus Surabaya in 2013. The sample size was 150 students. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling. The independent variables were age, sex, BMI, and nutritional status, while the dependent variable was blood pressure. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, Spearman, and Chi Square statistical test with ?=0.05. The level of risk was calculated by epi info program. Most students (40.7%) were 16 years old, those with pre-hypertension (systolic) 26.7%, grade 1 systolic hypertension by 1.3%, diastolic pre-hypertension 25.3% and grade 1 diastolic hypertension by 6.7%. Age did not have significant influence (p=0.623) on systolic blood pressure, but had a significant influence (p=0.002) on diastolic blood pressure. Male sex significantly influenced systolic (p=0.002, RR 5.36 95% CI 2.2320-12.8649) and diastolic (p <0.001, RR 1.95 95% CI 1.1272-3 , 3719) blood pressure. BMI had significant influence (p <0.001) on blood pressure. Nutritional status had significant influence on systolic blood pressure (p=0.002), with overnutrition status with RR 2.28, 95% CI 1.3983-3.7104. Nutritional status had significant influence on diastolic blood pressure (p <0.001), and with overnutrition status with RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.8143-4.1179. In conclusion, the trend for pre-hypertension to grade 1 diastolic hypertension increases with age and age has an influence on diastolic blood pressure. The risk of males to have pre-hypertension to grade 1 systolic hypertension is 5.36 times that of females, and the risk to have pre-hypertension to grade 1 diastolic hypertension is 1.95 times that of women. The higher the BMI, the higher the systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure.

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