scholarly journals Antioxidants Capacity, Phenolic and Oxalate Content from Two Varieties of Solanum melongena at Different Maturity Stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
A. Mohd Zulkhairi ◽  
M. N. Siti Aisyah ◽  
M. Razali ◽  
G. Nur Syafini ◽  
M. B. Umikalsum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

Aims: To investigate the antioxidant activities, total phenolic and oxalate contents in two varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena) (terung telunjuk (TT) and terung rapuh (TR)) at different maturity stages. Study design: Each sample was extracted three times (n=3) for the antioxidant activities, total phenolic and oxalates content. All the data were analysed by using ANOVA and Tukey Pairwise tests. Place and duration of study: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), between December 2019 and October 2020. Methodology: Two varieties of eggplant (TT and TR) were cultivated and the samples were tagged and the fruits were harvested according to their maturity stages (stage 1 – stage 4). Samples were freeze dried and extracted to evaluate the antioxidant activities as well as the total phenolic and oxalate contents. Results: Total phenolic contents (TPC) in TR were lower from stage 1 to stage 3 but high at over mature stage (stage 4) meanwhile TPC in TT increased upon maturity. The DPPH assay from the fruit extracts of TT in all maturity stages showed a stronger antioxidant activity as compared to TR, in which fruit of TT from stage 3 was double in antioxidant activity as compared to TR. The FRAP assay of both eggplants showed extracts of TT having a higher ferric reduction power in all stages as compared to TR. Meanwhile, both eggplant varieties showed different total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents in all maturity indices. TT had the highest total oxalate content at stage 1 as compared to TR while the soluble oxalate content increased in TR in all maturity stages. The highest percentage of soluble oxalate content was observed in TR at stage 4 with 95.5%. Conclusion: Phytochemical findings from these eggplant varieties showed their potentials to improve livelihood and public health. More comprehensive studies on the bioactive compounds, structural elucidation and pharmacological evaluation are to be conducted to understand the possible effects of these phytochemical results.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Content of Fresh and Freeze-Dried Lepisanthes fruticosa Fruits at Different Maturity Stages

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirfat Ahmad Hasan Salahuddin ◽  
Zaulia Othman ◽  
Joanna Cho Lee Ying ◽  
Erny Sabrina Mohd Noor ◽  
Salma Idris
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Stage 1

Antioxidant and phytochemical compounds of fruits can vary widely depending on many factors such as processing and maturity stage as one of the major contributors. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant activity and phytochemical attributes of fresh and freeze-dried Lepisanthes fruticosa fruit extracts at eight different maturity stages. The freeze-dried extracts were obtained by lyophilisation using a freeze-dryer. In general, antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of both fresh (FLF) and freeze-dried (FDLF) extracts showed a decrease with fruit maturation. Among the eight maturity stages developed for L. fruticosa, the lower maturity (unripe) stages exhibited the strongest potential, with stage 1 being the most notable. The FDLF fruit extracts were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) stronger radical scavenger than FLF extracts at all maturity stages tested. The IC50 values of FDLF for the eight maturity stages were more effective, with stage 1 showing the lowest IC50 (1.57 mg/ml). Total phenolic content of FDLF was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher than FLF at all eight stages tested, with the highest also being shown at stage 1 (15848.96 ± 401.82 mg/100 g). On the contrary, FLF extracts displayed significantly (P < 0.05) higher total flavonoid content than FDLF at almost all stages except for 2, 3 and 6. The highest content was shown in stage 1 with 37.35 ± 0.77 mg/100 g. These findings showed that antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of L. fruticosa fruits were significantly affected by processing and maturity. The obtained results are important for the promotion of use of L. fruticosa fruit extracts as a natural antioxidant in functional food production in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Bignay (Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng var. Kalabaw) Flesh and Seeds as Affected by Maturity and Processing Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel June Sartagoda ◽  
Ma. Cristina Ilano ◽  
Lloyd Earl Flandez ◽  
Katherine Ann Castillo-Israel
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Freeze Dried

This study aimed to determine the influence of maturity stages and processing methods (blanching and steaming) on the antioxidant profile and in vitro antioxidant activities of bignay (Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng var. Kalabaw) flesh and seeds. Bignay fruits of three maturities (unripe, half ripe, and fully ripe) were collected from Laguna, Philippines. Each maturity stage was subdivided into three lots. One lot underwent blanching at 90 ± 5°C for 2 minutes, and another underwent steaming at 105 ± 5°C for 5 minutes while the last did not undergo treatment. Seeds of the samples were then separated from the flesh. Both seeds and flesh were freeze-dried, extracted, and analyzed for antioxidant contents (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total anthocyanin content) and antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results show that both the maturity and processing methods significantly affect the antioxidant content and activity of the samples. Moreover, except for the FRAP assay done on flesh samples, all assays showed that there is significant interaction between the effect of maturity and processing method on the antioxidant contents and activity of bignay flesh and seeds. Results also show that fully ripe flesh and seeds yielded greater antioxidant content and antioxidant activity than their half-ripe and unripe counterparts; whereas, blanched flesh and seeds generally had higher antioxidant activities than their unprocessed and steamed counterparts.

scholarly journals Capsaicinoids, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activities of Capsicum annuum: Comparative Study of the Effect of Ripening Stage and Cooking Methods

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansor Hamed ◽  
Diganta Kalita ◽  
Michael E. Bartolo ◽  
Sastry S. Jayanty
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Stage

Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are an important crop usually consumed as food or spices. Peppers contain a wide range of phytochemicals, such as capsaicinoids, phenolics, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids. Capsaicinoids impart the characteristic pungent taste. The study analyzed capsaicinoids and other bioactive compounds in different pepper cultivars at both the mature green and red stages. The effect of roasting on their nutritional content was also investigated. In the cultivars tested, the levels of capsaicin ranged from 0 to 3636 µg/g in the mature green stage and from 0 to 4820 µg/g in the red/yellow stage. The concentration of dihydrocapsaicin ranged from 0 to 2148 µg/g in the mature green stage and from 0 to 2162 µg/g in the red/yellow stage. The levels of capsaicinoid compounds in mature green and red /yellow stages were either reduced or increased after roasting depending on the cultivar. The ranges of total phenolic and total flavonoids compounds were 2096 to 7689, and 204 to 962 µg/g, respectively, in the green and red/yellow mature stage pods. Ascorbic acid levels in the peppers ranged from 223 to 1025 mg/ 100 g Dry Weight (DW). Both raw and roasted peppers possessed strong antioxidant activity as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagent (DPPH, 61–87%) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, 73–159 µg/g) assays. Ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity decreased after roasting in the mature green and red stages, whereas total phenolics and flavonoids increased except in the mature green stage of Sweet Delilah and yellow stage of Canrio.

Chromatographic Assessment of Polyphenolic Profile and Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Common Leafy Vegetables in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khairul Alam ◽  
Rumana Tuli ◽  
Mohammad Sharif Khan ◽  
Abu Tareq Mohammad Abdullah ◽  
Maksuda Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Freeze Dried

Background: Polyphenolic compounds are known to provide health benefits and protect against degenerative chronic diseases. Utilization and identification of foods with a high content of these compounds are gaining greater attention nowadays. Objective: The present study reports the total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP and TEAC) of 10 commonly consumed leafy vegetables growing in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from different locations of Bangladesh and mixed together to ensure sample representativeness. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used for the analysis of TPC, and quantification of polyphenolic components was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC- DAD). Additionally, antioxidant activities of the selected vegetables were also analysed by utilizing DPPH, FRAP & TEAC. Results and Discussion: TPC ranged from 23.64 ± 1.20 to 45.59 ± 3.04 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g freeze-dried sample (fds). The polyphenolic spectrum ranged from 0.30 ± 0.02 to 647.42 ± 147.12 mg/100 g fds; quantity and spectrum of which varied in the vegetables. Among the studied vegetables, Centella asiatica contained the highest amount of TPC (45.59 ± 3.04 mg GAE/g fds) and also exhibited high antioxidant capacities, as documented by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays. Moreover, Principal component analysis (PCA) of investigated variables clearly separated Centella asiatica from other samples. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds being strong antioxidants reduce the risk of chronic diseases and the finding of this study would aware the people to take vegetables rich in phenolics. It would also fill up the data gap in the existing food composition table of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MATURITY STAGES AND SOLVENT POLARITY ON PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF GUAVA CULTIVARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Shukla ◽  
Radha Kushwaha ◽  
Monika Singh ◽  
Jyotsana Singh ◽  
Vinita Puranik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Ripening Stages

Tropical fruits claim to have phenolic compounds that have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activity. The study investigatedantioxidant activity and total phenolic content of five Guava cultivars namely Allahabad Safeda, Allahabad Surkha, Lalit, Chittidar and Apple color harvested at three fruit ripening stages (unripe, semi-ripe and ripe) and extracted by four solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone and water) with different polarities (50%, 70% and 100%).The findings suggest that guava cultivars with maturity stages and extracting solvent affected its phenolic content and antioxidant activity significantly. Pure solvents were inefficient extraction medium for antioxidants. Enhanced extraction yields were obtained from solvent containing higher water concentrations and 50% ethanol is a recommended solvent for extracting antioxidants compounds from guava fruit. High correlations between phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of guava extracts were observed. The total phenolics and antioxidant capacity decreases as the ripening proceeds (unripe>semi-ripe>ripe) in all five cultivars.This study facilitates information on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacities of guava cultivars which is an important commercial fruit. Results obtained showed that solvent polarities and ripening stages played the major role in extraction of ployphenolics from Guava. The significant declines in the levels of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity during fruit development suggest that the unripe fruits can also be taken for processing into nutraceutical foods.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Nutritional and Bioactive Properties of Aerial Parts of Snake Gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerinaLinn.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruvini Liyanage ◽  
Harshani Nadeeshani ◽  
Chathuni Jayathilake ◽  
Rizliya Visvanathan ◽  
Swarna Wimalasiri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Samples

The present investigation was carried out to determine the nutritional and functional properties ofT. cucumerina. Water extracts of freeze dried flowers, fruits, and leaves ofT.cucumerinawere evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity,α-amylase inhibitory activity, and fiber and mineral contents. Antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaves than in flowers and fruits. A significant linear correlation was observed between the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities of plant extracts. Although, leaves and flower samples showed a significantly higher (P≤0.05) amylase inhibitory activity than the fruit samples, the overall amylase inhibition was low in all three parts ofT. cucumerina. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in fruits than in flowers and leaves. Ca and K contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaf followed by fruit and flower and Mg, Fe, and Zn contents were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in leaves followed by flowers and fruits. In conclusion,T. cucumerinacan be considered as a nourishing food commodity which possesses high nutritional and functional benefits for human health.

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTITUMOR 20 TUMBUHAN OBAT ASAL KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimo Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents

<strong><em>Flavanoid, steroid, and terpenoid contents of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were analyzed.  The antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents and antitumor activity of 20 Manokwari medicinal plants were also evaluated. The result shows that 83% positif to flavanoid test, 59% positif to terpenoid test and only 25% positif steroid. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents evaluated using Ferric Thiocianate (FTC) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods respectively. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of medicinal plants were extracted by the traditional method, boiling in water and also in 80% methanol. Twenty plants evaluated in both exstracts have significantly varies of antioxidant activities and phenolic contents,  A significant and linier correlation coefficient between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content was found in both aqueous (R<sup>2</sup>= 0,77) and methanol (R<sup>2</sup> = 0,85). Antitumor activity was tested using cell maurine P-388 and only 2 of medicinal plants are active to inhibit cell maurine P-388. Comparing extraction efficiency of the two methods, the methanol extracted phenolic compounds more efficiently, and antioxidant activity of the extract was higher.</em></strong>

scholarly journals Effect of particle size on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Prasedya ◽  
A. Frediansyah ◽  
N. W. R. Martyasari ◽  
B. K. Ilhami ◽  
A. S. Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

AbstractSample particle size is an important parameter in the solid–liquid extraction system of natural products for obtaining their bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effect of sample particle size on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of brown macroalgae Sargassum cristaefolium. The crude ethanol extract was extracted from dried powders of S.cristeafolium with various particle sizes (> 4000 µm, > 250 µm, > 125 µm, > 45 µm, and < 45 µm). The ethanolic extracts of S.cristaefolium were analysed for Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activities. The extract yield and phytochemical composition were more abundant in smaller particle sizes. Furthermore, the TPC (14.19 ± 2.08 mg GAE/g extract to 43.27 ± 2.56 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (9.6 ± 1.8 mg QE/g extract to 70.27 ± 3.59 mg QE/g extract) values also significantly increased as particle sizes decreased. In addition, phenolic compounds epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) concentration were frequently increased in samples of smaller particle sizes based on two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis. These results correlate with the significantly stronger antioxidant activity in samples with smaller particle sizes. The smallest particle size (< 45 µm) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl assay and FRAP. In addition, ramp function graph evaluates the desired particle size for maximum phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity is 44 µm. In conclusion, current results show the importance of particle size reduction of macroalgae samples to increase the effectivity of its biological activity.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Growth Behavior in Lettuce Cultivars Grown under Field and Greenhouse Conditions

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Melisa Lanza Volpe ◽  
Verónica C. Soto Vargas ◽  
Anabel Morón ◽  
Roxana E. González
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Leafy Greens ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Field Production

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy greens worldwide. The nutritional value of its edible leaf depends on different factors including type and growing conditions. The aim was to determine the bioactive compounds content, antioxidant activity and growth behavior of twenty-two lettuce genotypes, cultivated under field and greenhouse conditions. Total phenolic compound, chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activities were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences between bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and growth behavior were found among cultivars and morphological types, for both growth conditions. Carotenoid and chlorophyll content was higher in greenhouse conditions for all genotypes. In field production, butterhead and iceberg lettuces showed lower content of these bioactive compounds. The red-pigmented Falbala cultivar from field production showed the highest level of polyphenols and anthocyanin. Meanwhile, in greenhouse conditions, the oak leaf cultivar Grenadine displayed the highest concentration of these phenolic compounds. The iceberg type lettuce showed the lowest percentages of antioxidant activity in both environments. The results showed the effect of growing conditions and the high variability in lettuce bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity among the different types.

scholarly journals HPLC-DAD Polyphenolic Profiling and Antioxidant Activities of Sorghum bicolor during Germination

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Ioana Otilia Ghinea ◽  
Maria Daniela Ionica Mihaila ◽  
Giorgiana-Valentina Blaga (Costea) ◽  
Sorin Marius Avramescu ◽  
Mihaela Cudalbeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Radical Scavenger Activity ◽  
Scavenger Activity ◽  
Sorghum Grains

The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of the Romanian Albanus hybrid of Sorghum bicolor as a potential functional food ingredient. Ultrasound-assisted extraction in different solvents, together with spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods, was used to monitor the variation in total phenolic and flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity of raw sorghum grains before and during short germination periods (24, 36 and 48 h). The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) investigation of the extracts revealed that the ungerminated sorghum grains extracted with methanol had the highest diversity of phenolic compounds, while the total phenolic content (TPC) was the highest after 36 h of germination in both extract types: 1853 mg GAE/100 g for the methanolic extract and 1726 mg GAE/100 g for the ethanolic extract. The findings of this study showed that the TPC of sorghum extracts is strongly correlated with their antioxidant activity and, overall, that the studied extracts presented a good radical scavenger activity, which supports the benefits of alimentary uses of Sorghum bicolor grains.

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