scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Respiratory Infections in Poultry in Peri-Urban Areas of Dakar and Thies (Senegal)

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
M. C. Kadja ◽  
J. Anitcheou ◽  
G. J. Djossa ◽  
S. Sourokou Sabi ◽  
F. X. Laleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
System P ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poultry Farming

The objective of this study is identifying the main risk factors for the emergence of respiratory diseases in poultry farms in the Senegalese region of Niayes. It took place in the period from August 2018 to February 2019 in 45 modern poultry farms in the regions of Dakar and Thiès. The analysis of the results of our study showed that the farms are very close to houses and accessible to foreign people in 44.4% and 53.1% of cases respectively. Litter was treated before use in only 24.4% of farms. Respiratory diseases are the most frequent diseases (75.6%) and are found in 80% of broiler farms. The diagnosis of respiratory diseases was made by poultry advisors (75.6%) and was based mainly on memoranda, clinical signs and autopsy. The training of poultry farmers in poultry farming (p < 0.1), the proximity of farms to homes (p < 0.05), and the accessibility of the farm to outsiders (p < 0.01) influence the occurrence of respiratory problems on poultry farms.  Similarly, factors such as type of poultry speculation (p < 0.01), number of birds (p < 0.1), type of buildings (p < 0.01), bedding treatment (p < 0.05), and watering system (p < 0.05) appeared to be strongly related to the history of respiratory problems on poultry farms. Recommendations were made to improve environmental conditions and biosecurity measures to reduce the pressure of respiratory infections in poultry farms.

scholarly journals Epidemiological evidence relating risk factors to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261692
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Yipeng Lv ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
History Of

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the most common chronic respiratory disease worldwide, not only leads to the decline of pulmonary function and quality of life consecutively, but also has become a major economic burden on individuals, families, and society in China. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the risk factors for developing COPD in the Chinese population that resides in China and to provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention of COPD. Methods A total of 2457 cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies published related to risk factors for COPD in China were searched. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were selected. Stata 11.0 was used for meta-analysis. After merging the data, the pooled effect and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between risk factors and COPD. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and Cochran’s Q tests. Begg’s test was used to assess publication bias. Results Exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.16~2.58; P <0.01), smoking history (pooled effect = 2.58; 95%CI: 2.00~3.32; P <0.01), passive smoking history (pooled effect = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.03~1.87; P = 0.03), male sex(pooled effect = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.31~2.22; P <0.01), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 (pooled effect = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.32~2.25; P <0.01), exposure to biomass burning emissions (pooled effect = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.32~2.06; P <0.01), childhood respiratory infections (pooled effect = 3.44; 95%CI: 1.33~8.90; P = 0.01), residence (pooled effect = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09~1.42; P <0.01), and a family history of respiratory diseases (pooled effect = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.53~2.71; P <0.01) were risk factors for COPD in the Chinese population. Conclusion Early prevention of COPD could be accomplished by quitting smoking, reducing exposure to air pollutants and biomass burning emissions, maintaining body mass index between 18.5 kg/m2 and 28 kg/m2, protecting children from respiratory infections, adopting active treatments to children with respiratory diseases, and conducting regular screening for those with family history of respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Identification of Coronary Risk Factors Among Urban and Rural Malaysian Youths and Their Possible Underlying Causes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Shafina Mohd Nor ◽  
Yung-An Chua ◽  
Suraya Abdul Razak ◽  
Zaliha Ismail ◽  
Hapizah Mohd Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Later Life ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Coronary Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of the coronary risk factors (CRF) among youths assists in determining the high-risk group to develop CAD in later life. In view of the modernised lifestyle, both urban and rural residing youths are thought to be equally exposed to various CRF. This study aimed to describe the common CRF including obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and family history of premature CAD in Malaysian youths residing in urban and rural areas. Methods: We recruited 942 Malaysian subjects aged 15–24 years old [(males=257, and urban=555 vs rural=387, (mean age + SD = 20.5 + 2.1 years)] from the community health screening programmes organised in both rural and urban regions throughout Malaysia. Medical history and standardised anthropometric measurements were recorded. Laboratory investigations were obtained for fasting serum lipid profiles and plasma glucose levels. Results: Youths in the rural were more overweight and obese (49.4% vs 42.7%, p<0.044) and have higher family history of hyperlipidaemia (16.3% vs 11.3%, p<0.036) than youths in the urban areas. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (2.8 vs 2.7 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (TC) (4.7 vs 4.5 mmol/L) were significantly higher in urban compared to rural youths (p<0.019 and p<0.012). Overall, more youth in this study has CRF rather than not (Has CRF = 67.0% vs No CRF = 33.0%). Significantly more rural youths have at least one CRF compared to urban youths (rural = 71.6% vs urban = 63.8%, p=0.012). Conclusion: In conclusion, rural youths have significantly higher BMI with higher family history of hyperlipidaemia compared to urban youths. However, urban youths have higher LDL-c and TC levels. Other coronary risk factors are not significantly different between urban and rural youths. CRF were significantly more prevalent among rural compared to urban youths.

scholarly journals Incidence, Clinical Profile, and Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infections in Children Hospitalized With Fever in Ujjain, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Pathak ◽  
Radika Upadhayay ◽  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Sunil Rathi ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Fever is a cause for concern for both parents and the treating pediatrician and a common reason for antibiotic overuse. However, the proportion of children hospitalized for fever with serious bacterial infection (SBI) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, hematological, and biochemical risks for SBI among the children admitted with fever. Method This prospective study was conducted in a rural teaching hospital in India on consecutive children, aged 3 months–12 years, presenting with fever 100°F (37.7°C) or higher. The presence of SBI was confirmed with one of the following criteria: (a) a positive blood culture; (b) roentgenographically confirmed pneumonia with high titres of C-reactive protein; (c) a culture-confirmed urinary tract infection; (d) enteric fever diagnosed clinically in addition to either a positive blood culture or high Widal titers; and (e) meningitis diagnosed clinically in addition to either a positive blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid culture. A predefined questionnaire was filled. Results A total of 302 children were included in the study, out of which 47% (95% CI 41.4%-52.7%) presented with SBI. The factors associated with confirmed SBI in bivariate analysis were history of previous hospitalization, history of chronic illness, history of medication in the previous one week, a partially immunized child, history of common cold, moderate-grade fever, toxic look, significant lymphadenopathy, absence of BCG scar, delayed development, irritability, breathlessness, respiratory distress, poor feeding, significant weight loss, suspected urinary tract infection, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and abnormal leucocyte count. The final generalized logistic regression model revealed partially immunized child (RR 4.26), breathlessness (RR 1.80), weight loss (RR 2.28), and suspected urinary tract infection (RR 1.95) as risk factors for the increased risk of SBI. Conclusion The study identified multiple risk factors for SBI. Pediatricians can be made aware of these risk factors. Further studies are warranted to identify age-specific risk factors for SBI because most clinicians depend on clinical signs and symptoms to identify SBI.

scholarly journals Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Seck ◽  
D. G. Dia ◽  
D. Doupa ◽  
A. Diop-Dia ◽  
I. Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of main bacterial agents of porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) using PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Holko ◽  
J. Urbanova ◽  
THolkova ◽  
V. Kmet
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
Porcine Respiratory

The main goal of our work is the presentation and analysis of incidence of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) regarding bacterial agents in the territory of northern districts of Slovakia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and other secondary bacterial causative pathogens of PRDC comprised 75.2% of all cases (98) with clinical signs of respiratory infections that we examined in the course of one year. We present also one of possibilities to the solution of problematic detection of M. hyopneumoniae which is, like the whole rank of mycoplasmas, very difficult to cultivate. This problem was solved by using the PCR method with the direct isolation of M. hyopneumoniae from lungs tissue. In antibiotic sensitivity testing of Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae resulted enrofloxacin as the most effective antibiotics in the therapy of PRDC regarding bacterial agents.in above mentioned territory.

A serological and epidemiological evaluation of risk factors for toxocariasis in children in central Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Żarnowska ◽  
Anna Borecka ◽  
Jakub Gawor ◽  
Magdalena Marczyńska ◽  
Sabina Dobosz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Data Contamination ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

AbstractThe level of specific anti-Toxocara IgG was examined in 343 children from central Poland with suspected Toxocara infection. Based on the presence of specific IgG antibodies and clinical signs and symptoms, toxocariasis was confirmed in 249 patients. The serological results of diagnosed cases were analysed in connection with epidemiological data (contamination of soil around the children's homes and presence of a dog or a cat). A higher prevalence of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs was found in suburban and rural areas (30.9% and 24.6%, respectively) whereas it was lower in urban areas (10.3%). In about 40% of the children whose households were not contaminated, a decrease in the antibody level was observed 2 years after treatment for toxocariasis, while there was no such decline in those living in contaminated places. The logistic regression model employed to determine the correlation between seropositivity in the children and selected epidemiological risk factors showed a statistically significant relationship in connection only with dog ownership (P = 0.0238). The present results have demonstrated the high risk of toxocariasis for children from rural and suburban areas in Poland. The sero-epidemiological investigations indicated that re-infection might be the reason for persistence of seropositivity after treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and long-term outcomes in the Saudi population: Results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Alhabib ◽  
Mohammed A Batais ◽  
Turky H Almigbal ◽  
Mostafa Q Alshamiri ◽  
Hani Altaradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Abstract ObjectiveWe report the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and long-term outcomes within the Saudi population, stratified by age, sex, and place of residence.MethodsThe Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a global cohort study including adults of 35–70 years old in 20 countries. PURE-Saudi study participants were recruited from 19 urban and 6 rural communities randomly selected from the Central province (Riyadh and Alkharj) between February 2012 and January 2015. Clinical follow-up of major CVD events and mortality is ongoing.ResultsThe PURE-Saudi study enrolled 2047 participants (mean age, 46.5 ± 9.12 years; 43.1% women; 24.5% rural). Overall, 69.4% had low physical activity, 49.6% obesity, 34.4% unhealthy diet, 32.1% dyslipidemia, 30.3% hypertension, 25.1% diabetes, 12.2% were current smokers, 15.4% self-reported feeling sad, 16.9% had history of stress (several periods), 6.8% had permanent stress, 0.98% had history of stroke, 0.64% had heart failure, and 2.5% had coronary heart disease (CHD). Compared to women, men were more likely to be current smokers (21% vs. 0.45%, p<0.001), have diabetes (28.2% vs. 21.3%, p<0.001), and have history of CHD (3.2% vs. 1.6%, p=0.02); while women were more likely to be obese (58.6% vs. 42.8%, p<0.001), have central obesity (70.7% vs. 32.7%, p<0.001), self-report sadness (22.7%, vs. 9.9% p<0.001), experience stress (several periods), feel permanent stress (9.9% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001), and have low education (46.6% vs. 20.2%, p<0.001). Compared to participants in urban areas, those in rural areas had higher rates of diabetes (31.1% vs. 23.3%, p<0.001), obesity (56.6% vs. 47.3%, p<0.001), and hypertension (35.5% vs. 28.6%, p=0.004); and lower rates of unhealthy diet, self-reported sadness, stress (several periods), and permanent stress. Compared to middle- and old-age individuals, younger participants more commonly reported unhealthy diet, permanent stress, and self-reporting of being sad. ConclusionPURE-Saudi, the first population cohort study in Saudi Arabia, revealed a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in the adult Saudi population, with higher rates in rural than urban areas. National public awareness programs and multi-faceted healthcare policy changes are urgently needed to reduce the future burden of CVD risk and mortality.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Urban Areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Shariful Islam ◽  
Shama Ranjan Barua ◽  
Ariful Islam ◽  
Shahnaj Parvin Moni ◽  
Helal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
History Of

Mastitis is considered to be the most devastating condition for the dairy farms of low and medium income countries due to its alarming impact on production and worldwide has been recognized as one of the most economically significant infectious diseases affecting the welfare of dairy animal. Chittagong is one of the dairy intensive regions of Bangladesh but comprehensive epidemiological studies addressing prevalence of and risk factors for subclinical mastitis (SCM) are scant. Therefore we aimed to approximate the prevalence of SCM in dairy cows along with the associated risk factors in dairy cows of Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA), Bangladesh. We included 114 cross breed (Holstein × Local) lactating cows, raised at 6 dairy farms in CMA between February to November, 2015 for this study. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used to assess SCM at animal level. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 34.2% among the tested cows. Floor type, source of replacement cows, history of previous reproductive disorder, stage of lactation and cleanliness of floor was found significantly associated with SCM in univariate analysis. In random effect multiple logistic regression model, cemented floor was found to increase the odds of SCM by 5.03 times than that of brick floor. Similarly, cows with history of reproductive disorders had more risk of having SCM than that of cows without a history of reproductive disorders. Since the SCM is prevalent in the study area, the intervention strategy should focus on causal agent, improved management, frequent monitoring of SCM in milking cows with CMT and use of teat disinfectants; with minimal or no treatment with antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals The AAA Risk Factors Scale: A New Model to Screen for the Risk of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Atopic Dermatitis in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Chantal Raherison ◽  
Diana Malaeb ◽  
Rabih Hallit ◽  
Nelly Kheir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Or History

Objective: To create an allergic disease risk factors scale score that would screen for the risk assessment of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children from 3 to 17 years. Methods: This case-control study, conducted between December 2015 and April 2016, enrolled 1,274 children. The allergic disease risk factors scale was created by combining environmental, exposure to toxics during pregnancy and breastfeeding and parental history of allergic diseases. Results: Playing on carpets, male gender, child’s respiratory problems or history of eczema before the  age of 2 years, and humidity significantly increased the odds of allergies in the child. Maternal waterpipe smoking, maternal history of rhinitis, history of asthma in the mother or the father, along with the maternal drug intake or alcohol consumption during pregnancy significantly increased the odds of allergies in the child. There was a significant increase in allergy diseases per category of the allergic disease risk factors scale (p < 0.001 for trend). Scores ≤2.60 best represented control individuals, while scores > 5.31 best represented children with allergic diseases. Conclusion: Allergic diseases seem to be linked to several risk factors in our population of school children. Many environmental factors might be incriminated in these allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Internal Carotid Dissection as the Cause of Stroke in Childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Giulia Cinelli ◽  
Vitaliana Loizzo ◽  
Lisa Montanari ◽  
Ilaria Filareto ◽  
Elisa Caramaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cervical Pain ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cervical Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Right

Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a cause of stroke, but it is often underdiagnosed in children. ICAs’ risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, and the treatment is still empirical. We report the case of a previously healthy 9-year-old girl who presented with involuntary hypertonic closure of the right hand associated with transient difficulty for both fine movements of the right arm and speech. She had a history of minor cervical trauma occurring 20 days prior to our observation without other associated risk factors. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography showed ischemic lesions due to the left ICA dissection. Treatment with both acetylsalicylic acid and levetiracetam allowed recanalization of the ICA associated with the resolution of clinical signs. Our clinical case suggests that the ICA dissection must be suspected early whenever a child manifests mild neurologic deficits after a cervical trauma, especially if they are associated with headache and/or cervical pain. Moreover, the management of ICA dissection must be improved.

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