scholarly journals Effect of Microbial Phytase on Nutrient Availability and Growth of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Fed Soyabean and Groundnut-based Diets

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Akpoilih Benjamin Uzezi ◽  
Ajani Emmanuel Kolawole ◽  
Omitoyin Bamidele Oluwarotimi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Positive Effect

Several studies have shown the positive effect of phytase on phosphorus utilization by fish and animals, with the use of phytase sources determined for different fish species. Few studies have  tested phytase response to different diets, which may affect nutrient availability for optimum growth due to differences in phytate location. The research, therefore, studied the effect of phytase to diets based on soya bean and groundnut meal for Clarias gariepinus on nutrient availability and growth. In trial 1, four groups of soya bean S1, S2, S3 and S4 replaced fish meal at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% and supplemented with 250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU/g phytase, respectively. In trial 2, four groups of groundnut meal diet G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6, were similarly supplemented with the same phytase levels used in experiment 1. Fish meal control (S0=G0) was not supplemented with phytase. Result showed that 250 FTU/g phytase showed the highest mean weight gain for both plants. In conclusion, the research has shown that the chemical nature of phytate, rather than its concentration and location, may influence the utilization of phosphorus for optimum growth in the fish by supplementing 250 FTU/g, with a range of available phosphorus requirement of between 0.75% (Y = 0.363 + 4.155X - 2.772X2, R2 = 0.759) and 0.80% (Y = 0.307 + 3.303X - 2.059X2, R2= 0.210)

Nutrition of the early-weaned calf. IX. Nitrogen retention from different protein sources in calves fed ad libitum

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
T. R. Preston ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Nitrogen balance studies were conducted on 8 early-weaned calves fed on four diets containing respectively Peruvian fish meal, soya bean meal, groundnut meal and dried distillers grains as the major sources of protein.2. Nitrogen retention differed significantly between diets, being highest on the fish meal diet, and lowest on the groundnut diet.

Response of the african catfish Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822 to diets of comercially and locally formulated fish feed in relation to cost benefits

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
J.R. Solomon ◽  
I.A. Abawale
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

The growth performance of catfish Clarias gariepinus using imported feeds and locally made feeds of the same crude protein were compared. C. gariepinus (mean weight 12.8g) juvenile were reared in cages for a period of 12 weeks on different feed. Two imported feeds (skretting and copens) were purchased and two local feeds (corresponding to treatment) were compounded to contain the same level of crude protein. Locally ingredients used are maize, fish meal, groundnut cake, soya bean meal, bone meal, lysine, methionine, premix, vegetable oil, salt but varying fish meal and soya bean meal as follows, treatment 1- (11.38% to 7.5%), treatment 2-(7.5% to 11.38%) respectively. The pelleted feeds were fed at the rate of 5% of the fish biomass. The growth response was assessed in terms of daily weight gain, relative weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality and survival rate. The results showed that the two local feeds promoted positive growth, implying that the use of different levels fish meal and soya bean meal (11.38% and 7.5%) favoured culture of juvenile C. gariepinus.Key Words, Clarias gariepinus, diet, fish feed, formulation, growth

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition and Growth Performance of Fish Meal Supplemented with Sesame indicum (Beni Seed) in the Diets of Clarias gariepinus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-748
Author(s):  
N. Yakubu ◽  
M.C. Isah ◽  
A.I. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

This study analyzed the chemical compositions, growth performance and nutrient efficiency of fish meal supplemented with varying percentage of S. indicum). A total of 150 of C. gariepinus fingerlings were grouped into 6 tanks with 20 C. gariepinus per tank. Each tank of fish was served with prepared fish meals supplemented with various levels of beniseed (S. indicum), namely, DT1 (commercial diet), stand as the control group, DT2 (0% beniseed with 100% soya bean meal, DT3 (25% beniseed with 75% soya bean meal, DT4 (50% beniseed with 50% soya bean, DT5 (75% beniseed with 25% soya bean and DT6 (100% beniseed with 0% soya bean, individually. Chemical compositions of each experimental diet and fish carcass were determined and the feed utilization by fishes was equally monitored and calculated. Higher levels of moisture content (7.42%), crude fiber (4.24%), total ash (3.16%), crude protein and fat (29.21 and 30.01%) and carbohydrate (27.21%) were established for the dietary group (DT6) as compared to other dietary groups. In contrast, the fish carcass moisture, crude fiber, and total ash contents were high in fish fed DT4 and DT2 compared to others. Elevated calcium (760.7 and 763.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (683.4 and 685.1 mg/100g), sodium (302.4 and 303.4 mg/100g), potassium (820.6 and 825 mg/100g) and iron (32.67 and 37.31 mg/100g) contents were noted in DT5 and DT6 than the other diets. The fish carcass fed DT6 were richer in calcium (803 mg/100g), phosphorus (5023 mg/100g), sodium (492 mg/100g), potassium (6313 mg/100g) and iron (5.12 mg/100g) than the others. C. gariepinus fed DT6 recorded high weight gains (45.64 mg) while fish DT4 had a value of length gain (1.80 cm). Higher significant values were observed for SGR (54.33%), PER (2.47%), FI (2.85%) and SR (80.23%) as feed utilization in fish fed DT6. However, experimental diets (DT5 and DT6) with 75 and 100% S. indicum inclusion look promising and would enhance adequate growth performance and nutrient utilization of C. gariepinus, which may be used for the development of the product in various food industries. Keywords: C. gariepinus, fish meal, feed efficiency, growth performance, S. indicum.

A study of the protein and amino acid requirements of the growing New Zealand White rabbit with emphasis on lysine and the sulphur-containing amino acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spreadbury
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were given, between 4 and 8 weeks of age, a range of diets, based on oats and fish meal, containing from 104 to 255 g crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25; CP)/kg to establish the level of CP below which growth was retarded.2. In three experiments each diet was fed to four animals and food intake, growth and N balance were measured over 4 weeks. Body analysis was also carried out after two of the experiments.3. The rates of food intake and growth of animals increased with dietary CP concentration until a CP concentration of approximately 150 g/kg diet had been reached. Beyond this there was little further improvement. N balance studies showed that once this dietary concentration of CP had been reached, there was a reduced rate of N retention.4. Good agreement was found between N retention measured by balance methods and by body analysis: body composition showed a tendency towards an increase in fat and a decrease in N as the dietary protein concentration was reduced.5. Microbial protein produced in the caecum and eaten during coprophagy, was found to supplement the dietary protein by approximately 2 g CP/d, or by only 0.1 of a normal dietary intake of CP.6. In the second part of the study NZW rabbits were offered, between 5 and 8 weeks of age, diets based on oats containing 150 g CP/kg. The protein supplied by oats was supplemented with maize gluten, gelatin, groundnut meal, casein, soya-bean meal or fish meal.7. Rabbits offered diets containing casein, soya-bean meal and fish meal gained 40–50 g/d similar, to animals given a well-balanced control diet, while those given diets containing maize gluten, gelatin or groundnut meal gained approximately 30 g/d. This indicated that amino acid balance in dietary protein was important to the growing rabbit.8. In later experiments, diets based on cereals and groundnut meal supplemented with varying amounts of lysine and methionine were offered during a 3-week post-weaning period in order to assess requirements for those limiting amino acids.9. The addition of both lysine and methionine improved growth rates. The minimum requirements for normal growth were found to be 6.2 g methionine+cystine and 9.4 g lysine/kg diet.

scholarly journals Effects of supplementing fish meal with Sesame indicum on functional properties, phytotoxins and hematological compositions of Clarias gariepinus

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723-1729
Author(s):  
Y Ndatsu ◽  
M.C. Isah ◽  
A.I. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

This study analyzed the effects of supplementing fish meal with Sesame indicum on functional properties, phytotoxins and hematological compositions of Clarias gariepinus. A total of 150 of C. gariepinus fingerlings were grouped into 6 tanks with 20 C. gariepinus per tank. Each tank of fish was served with prepared fish meals supplemented with various levels of beniseed (S. indicum), namely, DT1 (commercial diet), stands as the control group, DT2 (0% beniseed with 100% soya bean meal, DT3 (25% beniseed with 75% soya bean meal, DT4 (50% beniseed with 50% soya bean, DT5 (75% beniseed with 25% soya bean and DT6 (100% beniseed with 0% soya bean, individually. The functional properties of each diet and hematological indices of the treated fish were determined. All prepared diets have improved the functional properties and their phytotoxins level remains within the permissible limit as compared to control diets (DT1). The formulated diets have potentially influenced the hematological indices analyzed compared to the control diet (DT1). At any level of S. indicum inclusion in the fish meal of C. gariepinus there was a potential improvement of the functional properties, hematological parameters and maintaining the levels of phytotoxins not to rise above the permissible limit. Thus, experimental diets (DT5 and DT6) with 75 and 100% S. indicum would be promising candidates which may be used for the development of the product in various food industries. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, fish meal, hematological indices, Sesame. indicum

Further studies on the response of lactating ewes to dietary protein

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
I. McHattie ◽  
J. F. Calderon Cortes ◽  
J. L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTFour experiments were made during early lactation on individually penned Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes, each suckling two lambs. In Experiment 1, 14 ewes of mean body weight 74 ± 2·4 kg received daily, 1·9 kg dry matter, 20 MJ of metabolizable energy and 300 g of crude protein from a diet (H) containing hay, barley and fish meal. Reduction of the daily crude protein intake of half the ewes to 225 g by replacing fish meal with barley (diet L) in week 2 of lactation resulted in a decrease (P< 0·01) in daily milk yield of 0·53 kg (17%) compared with no change for ewes remaining on diet H. The effect was reversed by returning the ewes to diet H at the end of week 3. In Experiment 2 the use of four ewes fitted with abomasal cannulae showed that the additional non-ammonia nitrogen reaching the abomasum when fish meal was given was used with an efficiency of 0·51 for the production of milk nitrogen. In Experiment 3, involving 20 ewes, a restriction in protein intake for more than 10 days in early lactation by replacing the fish meal with barley depressed subsequent milk yield. In Experiment 4, 24 ewes were given either fish meal, soya bean meal or groundnut meal as protein supplements. In early lactation fish meal was superior by 0·40 and 0·43 kg of milk per day to soya bean meal and groundnut meal respectively, and this was attributed to the greater quantity of non-ammonia nitrogen reaching the abomasum in the fish meal compared with the soya bean meal and groundnut meal supplements. The commercial significance of the results is discussed.

Responses of lactating ewes, offered fresh herbage indoors and when grazing, to supplements containing differing protein concentrations

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Penning ◽  
R. J. Orr ◽  
T. T. Treacher
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Daily Milk

ABSTRACTThe responses to supplements differing in protein concentration and degradability were measured in lactating ewes and their twin lambs when offered fresh ryegrass either cut or grazed. Housed Scottish Halfbred ewes, offered fresh-cut grass ad libitum received no supplement (N) or supplements with barley and maize starch (B); barley and soya-bean meal (S); barley, soya-bean meal and fish meal (SF) or barley and fish meal (F) in weeks 2 to 7 of lactation. By feeding supplements, herbage organic-matter (OM) intake was depressed (2·00 v. 1·74 kg/day). Mean daily milk yield was increased when protein supplements were given and, because milk protein concentration was higher for supplement F and similar for all other diets, mean daily milk protein output increased with increasing fish meal in the diet. Milk yields were N 2·55, B 2·59, S 3·17, SF 3·15 and F 3·17 kg/day. Total milk solids and fat concentrations were also higher for S, SF and F than N or B. Lambs from ewes supplemented with protein grew faster and the ewes generally lost less weight and body condition compared with unsupplemented ewes.At pasture, Masham ewes grazed at herbage allowances of either 4 (L) or 10 (H) kg OM per day and received no supplement (N) or supplements B or F, for the first 6 weeks of lactation and then, in weeks 7 to 12, grazed without supplements. For NL, BL, FL, NH, BH and FH respectively lamb growth rates from birth to 6 weeks were 235, 242, 274, 267, 286 and 302 g/day; from birth to 12 weeks were 210, 209, 249, 255, 275 and 287 g/day and losses in ewe body-condition score from birth to 12 weeks were 1·28, 1·22, 1·06, 0·97, 0·62 and 0·76.It is concluded that protein supplements increased milk yield and lamb growth rates and that the response tended to be greater with fish meal.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding high levels of low-quality proteins to growing chickens

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wetnli ◽  
T. R. Morris ◽  
T. P. Shresta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Three growth trials were done using male broiler chicks. In the first two trials, groundnut meal was used, with and without supplementary methionine and lysine. In the third trial, soya-bean meal was used with and without supplementary methionine. Protein levels ranged in the first trial from 120 to 420 g/kg diet and in the third trial from 120 to 300 g/kg diet. Thus the assumed minimal amino acid requirements of the chick were supplied by high levels of low-quality dietary protein.2. Diets based on cereals and groundnut meal did not support maximum live-weight gain or maximum efficiency of food utilization at any level of dietary protein. When the principal deficiencies of lysine and methionine were corrected, this protein mixture was capable of supporting the same growth rate as a control diet of cereals and herring meal.3. Diets based on maize and soya-bean meal did not support quite the same growth rate as similar diets supplemented with methionine, even though the protein level in the unsupplemented diets was sufficient to meet the assumed methionine requirements.4. These results are interpreted as examples of amino acid imbalance in diets composed of familiar feeding-stuffs. It is concluded that one cannot assume that the poor quality of a protein source can always be offset by increasing the concentration of dietary protein.

scholarly journals Methionine sulphoxide as a source of sulphur-containing amino acids for the young rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne U. Gjøen ◽  
L. R. Njaa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Effect On Growth

1. Young male rats were used in five experiments to study the utilization for growth of methionine sulphoxide, and the relationship between the sulphoxide content in the diet and the level of microbiologically determined methionine activity in blood or blood plasma. In one nitrogen-balance experiment methionine and methionine sulphoxide were compared as supplements to a casein diet and a fish-meal diet.2. Methionine sulphoxide was poorly utilized for growth when tested as the sole sulphur amino acid in an amino acid diet. Substitution of one-third of the sulphoxide with cystine improved utilization so that it approached that of methionine.3. Methionine alone and in combination with methionine sulphoxide were added to a soya-bean-meal diet. The sulphoxide showed no adverse effect on growth.4. Fish meal in which methionine had been oxidized to methionine sulphoxide was tested alone and in combinations with unoxidized fish meal. Only when the oxidized meal was given alone was there an appreciable effect on growth. The fish meals used were low in cystine.5. Whereas both methionine and methionine sulphoxide improved the N balance when a casein diet was given, there was no effect when a fish-meal diet was given.6. There was a linear relationship between methionine sulphoxide content in the amino acid diets and the methionine activity in the blood plasma. Methionine sulphoxide added to a soya-bean-meal diet or present in oxidized fish meal gave a curvilinear relationship, and the observed activities were lower than with the amino acid diets. Methionine activity in blood could not be used as an indicator of moderate amounts of methionine sulphoxide in protein-containing diets.

Intensive beef production 5. The effect of different sources of protein on nitrogen retention

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Bowers ◽  
T. R. Preston ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Different Sources

SUMMARY1. Nitrogen balance studies were made on 8 Friesian steers given allconcentrate diets containing fish meal, soya bean meal, groundnut meal or cottonseed meal.2. There were no differences in nitrogen retention but voluntary feed intake was significantly lower on the fish meal diet.3. Adjustment of nitrogen retention to constant dry matter intake resulted in significantly higher values for the diets containing fish meal and cottonseed meal than for the others.4. Rumen pH, rumen ammonia and blood urea were all much lower on the fish meal diet.

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