scholarly journals Effect of [N-(Phosphonomethl)-glycine] (Glyphosate) Herbicide on Soil Microbial Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Halima Isa ◽  
Mohammed Bashir ◽  
Maryam Ibraheem ◽  
Aisha Mahmud Marafa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Capital City ◽  
P Value ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Aims: To determine the effect of [N-(phosphonomethl)-glycine] (glyphosate) herbicide on soil bacterial and fungal population. Study Design:The effect glyphosate herbicide on soil microorganisms population on 2 different farm land was determined by Isolation of bacteria and fungi from untreated and Glyphosate herbicide treated soils using Nutrient agar and Potatoes dextrose agar (PDA) for the bacteria and fungi respectively. The number of bacteria and fungi present in both treated and untreated soil was then enumerated and the isolates determined. Place and Duration of Study: The study is a cross sectional research and was conducted on two Farm lands located at Yola capital city of Adamawa state Nigeria wheresoil samples were collected and Microbiology laboratory of Modibbo Adama University Yola were the sample was processed and analyzed. The study was conducted from February to May of 2021. Methodology: Bacteria and fungi were isolated from soil samples before and after treatment of the soils with N-(phosphonomethl)-glycine(Glyphosate) herbicide at different concentration, the bacteria and fungi populations isolated both before and after the treatment were compared. Results: The study showed that Glyphosate herbicide caused reduction in the bacterial and fungal count from 3 days of treatment up to 15 days. The bacterial count reduced from 6.1x108cfu/g in the untreated soil to 1.6x108cfu/g on the treatment. Also the fungal count reduced from 1.0x108cfu/g in the untreated soil to 5.0x107cfu/g after 15days of soil treatment. Both the bacterial and fungal count continues to show a gradual decrease up to 15 days in the treated soil. However, several bacteria and fungi were isolated with Bacillus spp. and Micrococcus spp. having the bacteria with highest occurrence with 42(19.91%) and Aspergillusspp. as the fungi with the highest occurrence with 12(42.85%). Statistical analysis of the data obtained indicated that At 95% confidence level, there is a significant difference in the population of bacteria and fungi before and after the soil treatment P-value(T˃t)=.001 Conclusion: The study revealed that Glyphosate herbicide has a negative effect on soil bacteria and fungi population.

scholarly journals CD4 LYMPHOCYTE IN HIV / AIDS BEFORE AND AFTER ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Rangsang Bagus Prabowo ◽  
Dewi Indah Noviana Pertiwi ◽  
FX. Hendriyono
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Abstract: Human Immunodefficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that decreases the human immunity system, therefore the infected people become susceptible to any kind of infections. Examination of CD4 lymphocyte count periodically is one of the antiretroviral therapy success indicators. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin on 2013-2015. The method of this research was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. The study population was 55 patients which were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results portrayed an increase of the CD4 lymphocyte count in 51 patients after being given four kinds of antiretroviral for 6 months with the mean increase in CD4 lymphocyte count was 92,72 cell/µL. Data analysis result with Wilcoxon test portrayed a difference of the CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy with p value=0,000. In conclusion, there was a significant difference of the CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy. Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, CD4, lymphocyt, antiretroviral therapy

scholarly journals Comparison of Dental Anxiety While Visiting Dental Clinics before and after Getting Vaccinated in Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Abhishek Lal ◽  
Sara Saeed ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Afsheen Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dental Practices

Vaccination is critical to control the rate of coronavirus transmission and infectivity. Dental practices are a high-risk area for contracting coronavirus; this fact generates psychological disturbances amongst patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the levels of anxiety of patients while visiting dental practices before and after getting vaccinated. This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and December 2021. An electronic survey was distributed among the vaccinated individuals who visited dental clinics before and after getting vaccinated. The survey consisted of the following four parts: demographic characteristics, questions related to coronavirus, and anxiety scores before and after getting vaccinated. SPSS-25 was used to perform the statistical analysis, where paired t-test was used to compare the anxiety scores, and Mann–Whitney U test to assess the association of gender with anxiety scores. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 400 vaccinated individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 88.23%. The majority of the respondents (71.0%) did not test positive for coronavirus. More than half of the participants (54.0%) reported to not be suffering from any coronavirus-related symptoms. About 100 (25.0%) of the individuals stated that dental clinics are an environment in which there is a high risk of contracting coronavirus. In regards to the comparison of the mean MDAS scores of the participants before and after getting vaccinated, a significant difference (p = 0.001) was found. Vaccination has been recommended for all eligible individuals to control the transmission and infectivity of coronavirus. Vaccinations have decreased the dental anxiety of patients while visiting dental clinics. However, the protective measures are still valid and should be followed, regardless of the vaccination status.

scholarly journals Assessment of Awareness and Behavioural Patterns among Children Regarding COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kalaskar ◽  
Shruti Balasubramanian ◽  
Ashita Kalaskar
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread like wildfire across the globe affecting all the age-groups. Children usually present with mild symptoms or may even remain asymptomatic. Due to the asymptomatic presentation, they may act as silent carriers and aid in the spread of infection, hence prompting greater vigilance. Therefore, it becomes imperative to increase awareness among children and alter their habits in order to curb the pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness among children regarding coronavirus infection and the behavioural changes they wish to make post-COVID-19. Additionally, it also recorded the recommendations of children for their schools to curb the COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 private school going children across India in 9-15 years age group. Questionnaire was circulated via online platform which assessed the level of awareness regarding COVID-19, its influence on their behavioural patterns and recommendations of children for their schools. The mean knowledge scores were recorded for first part and chi-square test was employed to evaluate the changes in behaviour before and after COVID-19 for second part. For the third part, percentage for each response was determined. Data was compiled in MS Office Excel sheet (version 2019, Microsoft Redmond Campus, Redmond, Washington, United States). Statistical analysis was performed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0( SPSS) software. Results: The average knowledge score was 85.50%. This increased awareness among children was reflected in the statistically significant difference in their behavioural patterns before and after COVID-19 (p-value <0.05) and also in the recommendations given by children to their schools. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study assessing the awareness of COVID-19 in children and its impact on their behaviour pattern. Children showed good knowledge about COVID-19 with the average knowledge score of the entire sample being 85.50% and also wished to make changes in their behaviour post-COVID-19. Additionally, schools are also required to make numerous amendments in their functioning in order to provide a safe environment. This study will serve as a basis for future awareness programmes which could be directed towards children belonging to various socioeconomic status and educational backgrounds highlighting the aspects in which they lack knowledge.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Penyuluhan Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Calon Pengantin di Puskesmas Pucang Sewu Surabaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Riantini Amalia ◽  
Pulung Siswantara
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Premarital period is the best time to prepare physical, psychological, and social condition. Health check-up program and reproductive health promotion for prospective wives are ways to form the quality of family’s health. The aim of this study is to figure out the difference of knowledge before and after reproductive health promotion for prospective wives. This study was conducted in September 2017 at Puskesmas Pucang Sewu. This study is a quntitative research with cross sectional method with paired t-test. The sample of this study was 32 respondents and were given some questionnaires which provided questions about prospective wives’ knowledge of reproductive health before and after the promotion. The promotion of reproductive health was done to increase their knowledge in terms of nutrition level, reproductive health to prepare the precious generation. This research found thatbefore counseling 62.5% of respondents had less knowledge. It then decreased to 12.5% after counseling. The average value of respondents before counseling was 50.62 and then increased to 66.25 after counseling. The mean value is 15.625 and the p value is 0.031 or α less than 0.05. Thus, there was a significant difference of prospective wives’ knowledge before and after promotion was given. Puskesmas Pucang Sewu is recommended to keep giving the premarital counseling with lectures and frequently asked questions method and using slide show media because it has been proven to improve wives’ knowledge. Beside, it is necessary to implement collaboration of wives’ program holder with nutrition and psycology officer related about promotion materials in order to improve knowledge about nutrition and psycology management at wives’.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Javad vatani ◽  
Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽  
mohammad khandan ◽  
Mohsen aminizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

The Concepts of Complete Denture Occlusion amongst Dental Fraternity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Maria Shakoor Abbasi ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Azad Ali Azad ◽  
Fatima Fouad ◽  
Humza Daudpota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Disorder ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
P Value ◽  
Removable Partial Denture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: To assess the concepts of complete denture occlusion among dental fraternity. Study Design And Setting: Cross-sectional study conducted at various dental hospitals and institutes of Karachi, for a period of six months, from 1st June’2019 to 30th November’2019 Methodology: Total 849 dental practitioners who are currently practising were included. A well-structured and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. SPSS version 25 was used. Results: Bilateral balanced occlusion was an ideal occlusion by majority subjects i.e, 530(62.4%) in patients with wellformed ridges, followed by 464(54.7%) candidates with skeletal class 1, total 376(44.3%) chose it with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, 365(43%) in single complete denture cases, 339(39.9%) with increased inter-arch space, 298(35.1%) with parafunction habits, 296(34.9%) in patients with history of neuromuscular disorder and 271(31.9%) where a complete denture opposes a removable partial denture. Furthermore, Lingualized occlusion was preferred by 341(40.25%) participants for patients with skeletal class 3. Total 316(37.2%) candidates chose it for patients with displaceable supporting tissue followed by 264(31.1%) who chose it for skeletal 2 and 260(30.6%) for cases of highly resorbed ridges. Lastly, 311(36.6%) chose canine guided occlusion with highly resorbed ridges accompanied by high aesthetic demand A significant difference between education level and knowledge of occlusal schemes was also found. Chi-square (73.87), df 6, p-value =0.000. Conclusion: Dental practitioners lack adequate knowledge of occlusal schemes in terms of prescription in complete denture patients. A significant difference between the education level and knowledge of occlusal schemes was found. Therefore, awareness of various occlusal schemes should be increased at undergraduate level.

A Comparative Study between Ketamine and Lidocaine ro Decrease Propofol Injection Pain During Induction of Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1304-1309
Author(s):  
Bikash Khadka ◽  
Nil Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Injection Pain ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Pain during the injection of anesthetic agents may be distressing and can reduce the acceptability of an otherwise useful agent such as propofol during daycare surgeries. Lidocaine and ketamine both are used as pre-treatment to decrease propofol induced pain. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of ketamine injection to decrease propofol-induced pain in comparison to lidocaine injection. Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional comparative study. Eighty-nine cases were divided into two groups where group K received ketamine 2 ml (0.2 mg/kg) whereas group L received lidocaine 2% 2ml (0.5 mg/kg) after venous occlusion with rubber tourniquet. One-fourth dose of propofol was injected 1 min after release of tourniquet and pain accessed at 0, 1, and 2 minutes of propofol injection with a verbal response and behavioral signs. Chi-square test and paired T-test were used and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Regarding hemodynamic, oxygenation, and adverse effects there was no significant difference. Immediately after propofol injection, only 1 patient of the ketamine group had mild pain (2.22%) while 12 patients from the lignocaine group had mild pain (27.27%) with a p-value of 0.009. Also after 2 minutes of propofol injection, only 12 cases had mild pain i.e. 13.48% (1 from ketamine group i.e. 2.22% and 11 from lidocaine group i.e. 25%) with p-value of 0.002. Conclusion: Our study helps prove low-dose ketamine is more effective in reducing the incidence and severity of pain on injection of propofol in comparison to Lidocaine with better hemodynamic stability. 

Phototherapy Induced Hypocalcemia in Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Amna Khan ◽  
Anila Farhat ◽  
Hamayun Anwar ◽  
Sajid Shamim ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia receivingphototherapy.Study design and setting: Cross sectional study conducted at neonatal intensive care unit, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital,Mansehra for one year from December 2017 to November 2018.Methodology: Total 213 full term stable neonates of either gender with jaundice were studied in this study. Out of which,143 with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were exposed to phototherapy while 70 neonates with exaggerated physiologicalhyperbilirubinemia taken as control were not exposed to phototherapy. Serum calcium level was determined through bloodtest before and after 24 hours of phototherapy. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data. Frequency and percentageswere used to describe categorical variables like gender and hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was stratified by age and genderto see effect modifiers. Post stratified chi-square test was applied in which p value = 0.05 was considered as significancevalue.Results: In study group, 143 neonates who received phototherapy had mean age of 7 days ± 2.62 SD. Total 65% neonateswere male and 35% neonates were female. Mean serum calcium level of neonates before and after provision of phototherapywas 9.28 mg/dl ± 0.23 and 8.54 mg/dl ± 0.68 respectively, which is statistically significant. The frequency of hypocalcemiawas 40% in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 24 hours of phototherapy.Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is an important complication in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after continuousphototherapy. Hypocalcemia has clinical impact and adds to morbidity, and if left untreated, can lead to mortality.

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