Discardation of First Breast Milk, Pre-lacteal Feeding of Neo-nants & Exclusive Breast Feeding of Infants among Recently Delivered Women of Uttar Pradesh, India

Breast milk is indispensable and the only recommended food for newborn. Breast milk provides valuable nutrition for baby and it is also good for the health of mother. There should be Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) till six months of age and then continued till 2 years of age along with complementary foods (WHO). This is a prospective study conducted during a period of 12 months. Women delivering at tertiary care hospital were enrolled in the study and were followed for six months. Data related to the study was collected on five occasions - at delivery, after 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 6 months birth of child from 185 women enrolled in study and final analysis was done on 175 women. At the end of six months the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was only 41.7 %. The prevalence of EBF in rural and urban areas was 41.6 and 41.8 % respectively. Majority of women introduced some or other kind of external food after five months of age (between 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> visit). Percentage of children receiving pre-lacteal feeding was 21.7 % even though all were delivered in a tertiary care institute. All malnourished children were not breastfed exclusively.

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THE STUDY ON SITUATON OF EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING FOR THE FIRST 6 MONTHS IN HOI AN

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2016.3.6 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 36-42

Author(s):

Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen ◽

Hoang Lan Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Key Words Breast ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Knowledge And Attitude ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background: Breast milk is the most valuable source of food for infants, no food is comparable. However in many countries around the world including Vietnam, the breastfeeding prevalence has been declining. A report of the Ministry of Health showed that only 19.6% of infants in Vietnam were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. The study was conducted in Hoi An with the aim at describing the situation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of the mothers in Hoi An city, Quang Nam province and; identifying some factors affecting exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months in the study area. Methods: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted in Hoi An city in December 2014. 516 mothers of infants aged from 6 to 12 months were directly interviewed on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Information about general characteristics of mothers and their infants, their knowledge and attitude of breastfeeding and the feeding types of their baby for the first 6 months was collected. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. Results: The exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months is 22.3%. Knowledge in breastfeeding and attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months are factors that significantly related to exclusive breastfeeding prevalence for the first 6 months (OR = 3.3; p=0.001 and OR=10.4; p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months in Hoi An city is low. The promoting antenatal education in exclusive breastfeeding is necessary solution to improve exclusive breastfeeding rate for the first 6 months. Key words: breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding, Hoi An

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PENGARUH SARI KURMA TERHADAP PROLAKTIN DAN PENGELUARAN ASI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM DI BPM PIPIN HERIYANTI YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2017

Media Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.30989/mik.v6i3.196 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 195-198

Author(s):

Dwi Yulinda ◽

Imroatul Azizah

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Date Palm ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Palm Fruits

Background: Breastfeeding is exceptionally superior, giving mother and infants distinct and subtastial physical, mental, and developmental health advantages. Palm fruit has content of phytonutrients with antioxidant properties and galactagogues to help increase their milk supply in the early postpatum days. The lowest exclusive brest feeding rates in DIY is in the city of Yogyakarta. Exclusive breast feeding improves infant immunity so as to minimize the occurrence of diarrhea, constipation, fever that is caused by some allergic reactions. Objectifive: :This study aimed to analyze the relationship between date palm fruits on postpartum to prolactin and volume of breast milk Method: Research was conducted on maternal postpartum which is divided into two groups. They are the control group; and the treatment group which was given dates palm fruit. Breast milk volume and prolactin was measured at 3 day after labor. The analytical method used is Student T-test. Results: Date Palm fruits increased prolactin and volume of breast milk which was significantly on firstweek breastfeeding increase in the treatment group compared to the control group at p <0.05. Conclusion: Date Palm fruits is one of the alternatives that can be done to improve the success of exclusive breast feeding on postpartum. Key Words: Date palm fruit, postpartum, prolactin and volume of breast milk

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Assessment of Barriers to Exclusive Breast Feeding Among Working Saudi Mothers

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i10/1221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 656-663

Author(s):

Nisreen Kh. Aref Albezrah ◽

Haneen Ali Alshehri ◽

Raghad Hilal Alswat ◽

Manal Saeed Almalki ◽

Atheer Mohammed Al fuhayd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Working Mothers ◽

World Health ◽

Western Region ◽

Full Time ◽

Milk Secretion ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

The Western Region

Background: The World Health Organization and the United Nations International Children’s Fund recommend mothers to exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months of their life that should be initiated within the first hour after birth. Methods: This cross-sectional study included currently employed Saudi working mothers residing the Western region of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed through email and social media. Each person meeting the inclusion criteria was provided informed consent, explaining the study aim, and ensuring the confidentiality of information. Data were obtained by filling out the designed Questionnaire. Result: This study included 692 working Saudi mothers. The frequency of exclusive breast feeding was 40.2%, which was continued by 29.8% only after returning to the work. Insufficient breast milk secretion (17.5%) and the lack or minimal support from the workplace for EBF (6.6%) were commonly stated by the mothers. There were great deficiencies in the breastfeeding friendly work policies including the absence of breast feeding or breast milk-pumping place (86.4%), absence of breastfeeding hours during work time (80.9%), and the presence of a strict full-time schedule that did not allow freely use of the nursing break. Conclusion: The present study shows low prevalence of exclusive breast feeding among working mothers in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Multiple barriers to continuing breast feeding have been detected. Insufficient breast milk secretion and the lack of breastfeeding friendly work policies were common reasons.

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Exclusive and any breast-feeding rates of Pacific infants in Auckland: data from the Pacific Islands Families First Two Years of Life study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005925 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 692-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Philip J Schluter ◽

Sarnia Carter ◽

Teuila Percival

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

Discharge Summary ◽

World Health ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Life Study

AbstractObjectivesTo present current breast-feeding rates for Pacific infants resident in New Zealand. Reasons for the introduction of complementary liquid foods were also explored.DesignA longitudinal study using hospital discharge summary records and maternal home interviews undertaken at 6 weeks, 12 and 24 months postpartum. Turnbull's non-parametric survival analysis was used to model exclusive breast-feeding rates.SettingAuckland, New Zealand.ResultsThe cohort comprised 1376 infants at 6 weeks, 1223 infants at 12 months and 1142 infants at 24 months. Exclusive breast-feeding rates at hospital discharge, 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months postpartum were 84% (95% confidence interval (CI): 80–88%), 49% (95% CI: 43–55%), 37% (95% CI: 32–42%) and 9% (95% CI: 7–11%), respectively. Significant ethnic difference existed, with Samoan mothers having higher exclusive breast-feeding rates than Tongan mothers (P = 0.002). The percentage of infants receiving any breast milk at hospital discharge, 6 weeks, 12 and 24 months was 96% (95% CI: 94–97%), 95% (95% CI: 94–96%), 31% (95% CI: 28–34%) and 15% (95% CI: 13–17%), respectively. Again ethnic differences emerged. Common reasons cited for discontinuation of exclusive breast-feeding included uncertainty of breast milk supply (56%), problems with breasts (30%) and difficulties breast-feeding in work or educational environments (26%). However, 691 (50%) mothers sought no advice about their breast-feeding concerns within the first six weeks of life.ConclusionsExclusive breast-feeding rates for Pacific infants are ethnically heterogeneous, have declined since the 1990s and fall short of the World Health Organization recommendations. The principal reasons cited for exclusive breast-feeding discontinuation echo those reported over a decade ago.

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Is there any difference between the iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers in an area with iodine sufficiency?

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518000351 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (9) ◽

pp. 1012-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pantea Nazeri ◽

Hosein Dalili ◽

Yadollah Mehrabi ◽

Mehdi Hedayati ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Formula Feeding ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Feeding Group ◽

Feeding Type ◽

Breast Fed ◽

Iodine Sufficiency

AbstractDespite substantial progress in the global elimination of iodine deficiency, lactating mothers and their infants remain susceptible to insufficient iodine intake. This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare iodine statuses of breast-fed and formula-fed infants and their mothers at four randomly selected health care centres in Tehran. Healthy infants <3 months old and their mothers were randomly selected for inclusion in this study. Iodine was measured in urine and breast milk samples from each infant and mother as well as commercially available infant formula. The study included 124 postpartum mothers (29·2 (sd 4·9) years old) and their infants (2·0 (sd 0·23) months old). The iodine concentrations were 50–184 µg/l for infant formula, compared with a median breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) of 100 µg/l in the exclusive breast-feeding group and 122 µg/l in the partial formula feeding group. The median values for urinary iodine concentration in the exclusive breast-feeding group were 183 µg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 76–285) for infants and 78 µg/l (IQR 42–145) for mothers, compared with 140 µg/l (IQR 68–290) for infants and 87 µg/l (IQR 44–159) for mothers in the formula feeding group. These differences were not statistically significant. After adjustment for BMIC, ANCOVA revealed that feeding type (exclusive breast-feeding v. partial formula feeding) did not significantly affect the infants’ or mother’s urinary iodine levels. Thus, in an area with iodine sufficiency, there was no difference in the iodine statuses of infants and mothers according to their feeding type.

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Study on knowledge and practice of nursing mother regarding exclusive breast feeding irrespective of socio-demographic characteristics

Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal ◽

10.47648/zhswmcj.2019.v0101.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (Number 1) ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Nadia Begum ◽

Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽

Saizuddin Kabir ◽

Shila Rani Das ◽

Sultana Begum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Nursing Mother ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Knowledge And Practice

This descriptive type of cross- sectional study was conducted in Dhamrai, Dhaka among nursing mother with a sample size 120 using semi-structured questionnaire to determine the knowledge and practice regarding exclusive breast feeding irrespective of socio-demographic characteristics from January 2018 to February 2018 employing purposive sampling method. The percentage of mother-infant pair were highest within 20-30 years (65%) of age group. About 13.33% of mothers were illiterate, 33.33% had primary level and only 2.50% completed graduation; more than half (56.67%) of the mothers were housewives. It was revealed that 55.83% of the respondents had knowledge of exclusive breast feeding, however 42.50% of them gave only breast milk up to 6 months. The initiation of breast feeding within 1 hour was 47.50%, 32.50% within 1-2 hours. 8.83% after 2 hours, 9.16% of the respondents did not remember about the exact time and 2.50% did not breast fed their babies, the reason of not feeding breast milk was insufficient milk secretion. Premature complementary feeding was associated with an increased occurrence of vomiting (47.50%), diarrhea (59.16%), dyspnea (19.16%) but 55% of the respondents did not mentioned specific condition. One of the ten steps to successful breastfeeding is initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of delivery, the major barrier to achieving the recommendations of the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding.

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Formula and complementary feeding

10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0003 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

R. Mark Beattie ◽

Anil Dhawan ◽

John W.L. Puntis

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Bacterial Proliferation ◽

Breast Feed ◽

Expressed Breast Milk ◽

P Type

Bottle-feeding 32Type of formula feed 33Complementary feeding 34Although the WHO recommends exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months and partial breast-feeding thereafter, it was recognized that some mothers would be unable, or would choose not to breast-feed, and that these mothers also deserved support to optimize their infant's nutrition. It is important that formula feeds are made up according to instructions and that both formula milk and expressed breast milk is handled in a way that minimizes the risk of bacterial proliferation in the feed. Some simple guidelines are given below: ...

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Breast-feeding initiation and determinants of exclusive breast-feeding – a questionnaire survey in an urban population of western Nepal

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007248475 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 192-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

TS Chandrashekhar ◽

HS Joshi ◽

VS Binu ◽

PR Shankar ◽

MS Rana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Urban Population ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Expectant Mothers ◽

Local Traditions

AbstractObjectiveTo assess rates of initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding within 2 months after delivery and to determine the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding.DesignA health worker-administered questionnaire survey was carried out during the time period 1 August–30 September 2005.SettingImmunisation clinics of Pokhara, a submetropolitan city in western Nepal.SubjectsThree hundred and eighty-five mothers who had delivered a child within the previous 2 months.ResultsThe rates of initiation within 1 h and within 24 h of delivery were 72.7 and 84.4%, respectively. Within 2 months after delivery, exclusive breast-feeding was practised by 82.3% of the mothers. Breast milk/colostrum was given as the first feed to 332 (86.2%) babies but 17.2% of them were either given expressed breast milk or were put to the breast of another lactating mother. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 14% of the babies. The common pre-lacteal feeds given were formula feeds (6.2%), sugar water (5.9%) and cow's milk (2.8%). Complementary feeds were introduced by 12.7% of the mothers. By logistic regression analysis, friends' feeding practices, type of delivery and baby's first feed were the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding practice of the mothers.ConclusionsDespite the higher rates of initiation and exclusive breast-feeding, practices such as pre-lacteal feeds and premature introduction of complementary feeds are of great concern in this urban population. There is a need for promotion of good breast-feeding practices among expectant mothers and also the community, especially the families, taking into account the local traditions and customs.

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Energy intake from human milk covers the requirement of 6-month-old Senegalese exclusively breast-fed infants

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513001074 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (10) ◽

pp. 1849-1855 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anta Agne-Djigo ◽

Komlan M. Kwadjode ◽

Nicole Idohou-Dossou ◽

Adama Diouf ◽

Amadou T. Guiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Best Practice ◽

Energy Content ◽

Milk Intake ◽

Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽

Breast Fed ◽

Comprehensive Study

Exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months is advised by the WHO as the best practice to feed infants. Yet, some studies have suggested a gap between energy requirements and the energy provided by human milk for many infants at 6 months. In order to assess the adequacy of WHO recommendations in 6-month-old Senegalese lactating infants, a comprehensive study was designed to measure human milk intake by the dose-to-the mother 2H2O turnover method. Infants' energy intakes were calculated using daily breast milk intake and the energy content of milk was estimated on the basis of creamatocrit. Of the fifty-nine mother–infant pairs enrolled, fifteen infants were exclusively breast-fed (Ex) while forty-four were partially breast-fed (Part). Infants' breast milk intake was significantly higher in the Ex group (993 (sd 135) g/d, n 15) compared with the Part group (828 (sd 222) g/d, n 44, P= 0·009). Breast milk energy content as well as infants' growth was comparable in both groups. However, infants' energy intake from human milk was significantly higher (364 (sd 50) kJ/kg per d (2586 (sd 448) kJ/d)) in the Ex group than in the Part group (289 (sd 66) kJ/kg per d (2150 (sd 552) kJ/d), P< 0·01). Compared with WHO recommendations, the results demonstrate that energy intake from breast milk was low in partially breast-fed infants while exclusively breast-fed 6-month-old Senegalese infants received adequate energy from human milk alone, the most complete food for infants. Therefore, advocacy of exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months should be strengthened.

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