scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Microcrystalline Cellulose Isolated from the Pod Husk and Stalk of Fluted Pumpkin

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. C. Nwajiobi ◽  
J. O. E. Otaigbe ◽  
O. Oriji
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fluted Pumpkin ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
High Lignin Content ◽  
High Cellulose

Microcrystalline celluloses (MCC) were prepared from α-celluloses obtained from fluted pumpkin stalk and pod. The substrates were subjected to treatment with 2% (w/v) NaOH, 3.5% (w/v) NaOCl and 17.5% (w/v) NaOH solutions respectively to obtain alpha celluloses. Acid hydrolysis of the alpha-celluloses using 2.5 N hydrochloric acid were carried out. The study evaluates and compares the physicochemical properties of microcrystalline cellulose obtained from the pod and stalk of fluted pumpkin. Composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were also determined. Results showed cellulose; hemicellulose and lignin content of the pod husk and stalk were 49%, 26%, 9% and 41%, 24%, 26%, respectively. The morphology of the hydrolyzed MCCs’ were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results revealed the stalk (FS-MCC) to have an individual rod-like shaped fiber when compared with flat-shaped large aggregated forms of the pod (FP-MCC). The particles sizes were also uneven with FP-MCC (6.689 µm) having larger particle sizes than FS-MCC (5.538 µm). The high cellulose content of the pod husk shows that the applications may be extended in the production of other cellulose derivatives while the high lignin content of the stalk reveals other alternative source of producing lignin in the making of textile dyes, coating and other agricultural chemical. Pod MCC (FP-MCC) had better physicochemical properties than the stalk MCC (FS-MCC).

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PULP DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR) DENGAN CAMPURAN (RESINA COLOPHONIUM) GUNA MENCEGAH DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawan W Kurniawan W ◽  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
M. Dwi Khoirun Adim
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
A Value ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
High Cellulose

Deddy Kurniawan W, Fahmi Arifan, M. Dwi Khoirun Adim, in this article explain that paper is one of the primary needs for humans today . High paper usage is resulting increased in production of paper . On the other hand, paper which are usually made ​​from cellulose and hemi-cellulose in wood can result environmental degradation , due to the use of wood and tree felling leads to long-term basis that can increase the temperature of the earth surface ( global warming) . Durian is relatively abundant in Indonesia , durian shell contains high cellulose ( 50-60 % ) and lignin content ( 5 %), also  a low starch content ( 5 % ) . Durian shell wastes containing fibre  with dimensions of length and fiber thick wall that be able to bind well when given a synthetic adhesive or an adhesive mineral . Pulp which is produced from durian shell waste in experiments were 1 , 2 , 3 and 4, have a value of α - cellulose content of 35 % , 45 % , 27.7 % , 37.5 % and 57.6 %, respectively. When yield value of  49.2 % , 66.8 % and 48.2 % respectively. Keywords: pulp, durian, gondorukem, digester

scholarly journals Characteristic of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Red Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Edison Edison ◽  
Andarini Diharmi ◽  
Ela Davera Sari
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Hcl Solution ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) is a modified of cellulose widely used as an additive in food and pharmaceutical industry. MCC is used in the pharmaceutical field as an excipient compound in the manufacture of tablets. Raw materials for MCC are of high cellulose content, such as Eucheuma cottonii seaweed. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of MCC from seaweed E. cottonii. The MCC was obtained by hydrolyzing of α-cellulose from seaweed E. cottonii using HCl solution with three different concentrations: 2, 2.5 and 3 N. The chemical compositions (water, ash, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate) of red seaweed flour were determined. The moisture, ash, sensory, yield, and pH of the MCC were also analysed. The results showed that E. cottonii seaweed flour had moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate content 3.88%, 0.85%, 2.4%, 3.44%, and 89.4% respectively. HCl concentrations had a significant effect on the moisture and ash content.  The MCC had a yield of 35.8-38.00%, pH 5.73-6.82, moisture content 4.09.6, ash 0.94-4.90%. The characteristics of the MCC was in accordance with the standards of the British Pharmacopeia except the ash content.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of lignin fractions from acid pretreated corn stover and their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 4898-4911
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Residual Lignin ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Pretreated Corn Stover ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Lignin has been shown to be a recalcitrance factor in many biomass conversion studies. To better understand the effects of lignin on cellulose conversion, different lignin fractions were extracted from the same dilute acid pretreated corn stover by three sequential isolation methods, namely ethanol extraction, dioxane extraction, and enzyme purification. The physicochemical properties of each lignin fraction including molecular weight distribution, surface area, surface charge, and other structural features varied, depending on the isolation methods. All three lignin fractions had negative surface charges, and ethanol-extracted lignin carried the highest surface charges, followed by dioxane-extracted lignin and cellulase-purified residual lignin. These physicochemical properties of lignin fractions also resulted in different extent of inhibitory effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Dioxane-extracted lignin exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on glucose release from MCC, followed by the cellulase-purified residual lignin fraction and ethanol-extracted lignin. Furthermore, lignin fractions with higher contents of syringyl (S) substructure and β-O-4 aryl ether interunit linkages showed a stronger negative effect on cellulase hydrolysis of MCC.

scholarly journals Combined Pretreatment as an Effective Technology in Breaking of Phenolic Polymer Lignin from Sustainable Biomass: Bambusa balcooa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
heena Parveen ◽  
Lakshmi Tewari ◽  
Diwas Pradhan ◽  
Parul Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Biomass Structure ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Phenolic Polymer ◽  
High Cellulose

Bamboo biomass is a potential source for the production of monomeric sugars containing high cellulose content with low amount of lignin. However, for efficient hydrolysis, the biomass treatment by effective pretreatment technique is required to minimize lignin content and other barrier components. During present study, the bamboo biomass was treated with different physical, chemical, biological and combined treatments to reduce the lignin content. Among all the pretreatments, the maximum lignin removal (14.5%) was obtained with the combined chemical and biological treatment under 2% NaOH+1% H2O2 +WDP2 fungal culture (5 plugs) conditions. In addition, lignolytic fungus and NaOH pretreatment was mainly effective in removing lignin, whereas the H2O2 pretreatment efficiently minimize cellulose crystallinity. To analyze structural changes of raw and treated biomass, we used scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structural analysis indicated that all treatments causes disruption in the biomass structure and loses the compactness of the biomass which facilitates the biomass conversion during hydrolysis process. The findings of the present study indicate effective pretreatment methods in breaching the recalcitrancy of the potential lignocellulosic biomass for maximum hydrolysis.

scholarly journals PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA (MCC) BERBAHAN BAKU TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS)

Alotrop ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fepri Effendi ◽  
Rina Elvia ◽  
Hermansyah Amir
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

[PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC) MADE FROM EMPTY PALM OIL BUNCHES (TKKS)] Empty Palm bunches (TKKS) is solid waste from industrial processing of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) that have a high cellulose content.  This research aims to synthesize Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from TKKS and determine the characteristics of the MCC produced. The manufacturing process begins with the MCC delignifikasi multistage pulping TKKS using mixed of 3.5% HNO3 and NaNO2 in temperatures of 90 ?C for 2 hours, followed by heating of a mixture of 2% NaOH and Na2SO3 2 % at temperature 50?C for 2 hours. The second stage of the lignification process is done using NaOH 17.5 %, followed by hydrolysis towards ?-Cellulose lignification results with heating in the aqueous solution of HCl at concentrations of 3, 3.5 and 4 M for 30, 45 and 60 minutes. From the results obtained from the hydrolysis of the optimum yield of 80.73 %, i.e., MCC that use concentration of HCl 3 M for 30 minutes.  MCC produced then analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and PSA. FTIR absorption for MCC results showed an of waves number on a 3375.43 cm-1 and 2899,01cm-1, indicating the presence of hydroxyl OH and CH.The results of the analysis with the PSA suggests that MCC has generated a measure of particle diameter 0.5281 µm. Using XRD analysis results that MCC has a degree of crystallinity of 86,79 %. And the results of testing the content of carbohydrates in MCC produced shows levels of carbohydrates of 88.36 %.

scholarly journals Cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) from Trichoderma reesei enhances the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hexue Jia ◽  
Wan Sun ◽  
Xuezhi Li ◽  
Jian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
High Lignin Content ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Trichoderma reesei is currently the main strain for the commercial production of cellulase. Cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) is one of the most abundant proteins in extracellular proteins of T. reesei. Reported literatures about Cip1 mainly focused on the regulation of Cip1 and its possible enzyme activities, but the effect of Cip1 on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose and possible mechanism have not still been reported. Results In this study, Cip1 from T. reesei was cloned, expressed and purified, and its effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of several different pretreated lignocellulose were investigated. It was found that Cip1 could promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, and the promoting effect was significantly better than that of bovine serum albumin (BSA). And especially for the lignocellulosic substrate with high lignin content such as liquid hot water pretreated corn stover and corncob residue, the promoting effect of Cip1 was even better than that of the commercial cellulase when adding equal amount protein. It was also showed that the metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ influenced the promoting effect on enzymatic hydrolysis. The Cip1 protein had no lyase activity, but it could destroy the crystal structure of cellulose and reduce the non-productive adsorption of cellulase on lignin, which partly interpreted the promoting effect of Cip1 on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Conclusion The Cip1 from T. reesei could significantly promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose, and the promotion of Cip1 was even higher than that of commercial cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates with high lignin content. This study will help us to better optimize cellulase to improve its ability to degrade lignocellulose, thereby reducing the cost of enzymes required for enzymatic hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Delignification of Rice Husk by Microwave Assisted Chemical Pretreatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3084-3087
Author(s):  
S. M. Laghari ◽  
M. M. Tunio ◽  
A. Q. Laghari ◽  
A. J. Laghari ◽  
A. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
High Lignin Content

Rice husk has the potential to be used as a source of alternative energy e.g. as biofuel. Its high lignin content, however, poses difficulty to this use. This study investigates the use of microwave assisted acidic and alkaline pretreatment methods to improve the characteristics of rice husk for energy production. The use of microwave assisted 3.5% NaOH provided optimum pretreatment of rice husk; the lignin content was reduced from 17.8 to 10.2%, the cellulose content increased from 38.6 to 59.3% and the C/N ratio was within the optimum range of 25-35. The results showed enhanced potential of biofuel production from rice husk by this pretreatment.

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