scholarly journals Standardization of Recipe of Barbados Cherry Pickle

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Arghya Mani ◽  
Venkata Satish Kuchi ◽  
Surajit Mitra ◽  
A. K. Banik ◽  
Ivi Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ambient Storage ◽  
Organoleptic Property ◽  
Good Flavour

Aim: Barbados cherry is a fruit with magical amount of Vitamin C in it. But the main problem with the fruit is a very low ambient storage life of just 1-2 days. After which the fruit start decaying. Even the loss in nutrients and phytochemicals commence 4-5 hours after harvest. Hence there is a need to preserve the fruit for availing long term benefits of the fruit. Among all processed product, pickling is a very important and stable method of preservation. Design: Completely Randomized Block Design. Methodology: Till now recipe standardization of Barbados cherry pickle is not yet                  documented. In our products prepared with 4 recipee, 2 each with pickling in oil and pickling in water. Results: The oil picked fruits were having highest amount of vitamin C was retained in Recipe 2 (T2) and Recipe 1 (T1) even after 6 months of storage. Total plate count after 6th month of storage was also low in Recipe 2 (T2) and Recipe 1 (T1). In terms of organoleptic property the best pickle with good flavour, remarkable taste, outstanding texture, brilliant consistency and high overall acceptability was in Recipe 2 (T2) and Recipe 1 (T1). Conclusion: Hence Recipe 2 (T2) can be successfully used for commercial preparation of Barbados cherry pickle.

Long-term effects of feeding diets without mineral phosphorus supplementation on the performance and phosphorus excretion in high-yielding dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Odongo ◽  
D. McKnight ◽  
A. KoekKoek ◽  
J. W. Fisher ◽  
P. Sharpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Mineral Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of feeding a diet with no mineral phosphorus (P) supplementation on performance and P excretion in high-yielding dairy cows. In exp. 1, 24 primiparous (PP) and 40 multiparous (MP) Holstein cows were allocated to one of two treatments at calving: (1) regular corn silage and alfalfa haylage based milking cow total mixed ration (TMR; 0.42% P diet) or (2) milking cow total mixed ration (TMR) without supplemental mineral P (0.35% P diet) in a completely randomized design. The trial lasted until after two lactations were completed or the cow was culled. In exp. 2, eight MP Holstein cows (108 ± 8.0 d in milk) were used to determine P digestibility and retention in a completely randomized block design. In exp. 1, the 0.35% P diet cows had lower body weight, body condition score and milk urea nitrogen and higher faecal P than the 0.42% P cows. The dry matter intake (DMI) of PP cows on the 0.35% P diet was lower than that of PP cows on the 0.42% P diet. There was no difference in the DMI of MP cows. The P intake of 0.35% P diet PP cows was 30% lower than that of 0.42% P diet PP cows. The P intake of 0.35% P diet MP cows was 20% lower than that of 0.42% P diet MP. The digestibility coefficient of P for the 0.35% P diet was higher than that for the 0.42% P diet. These results suggest that the forages used in the present study contained adequate amounts of P to sustain milk production in high-yielding MP cows. However, for PP cows some mineral P supplementation is recommended especially during early lactation. Key words: Phosphorus, environmental pollution, intensive dairy operations

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BELIMBING WULUH DAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA DALAM PEMBUATAN SELAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Dody Handito ◽  
Siska Cicilia
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensory Tests

This study aims to determine the concentration of starfruit juice and dragon fruit peel on the quality of jam. The experimental design used was a one-factor Randomized Block Design (RAK) with six treatments and three replications to obtain 18 samples. The treatments were the concentration of starfruit juice and dragon fruit peel extract with P1 (100% : 0%), P2 (85% : 15%), P3 (70% : 15%), P4 (55% : 45%), P5 ( 40% : 60%) and P6 (25% : 75%). Parameters observed were vitamin C levels, antioxidant activity, spread, and color as well as sensory tests (color, aroma, and taste). Data analysis results were tested by analysis of variance at a significance level of 5% using Co-Stat software. If there is a significant difference, then the orthogonal polynomial further test is carried out, while the physical and sensory tests are further tested using the Honest Significant Difference test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the concentration of star fruit juice and dragon fruit pulp did not have a different effect on vitamin C levels but had a significantly different effect on antioxidant activity, spread, and color. P6 treatment resulted in the highest antioxidant activity of 77.27%, 12.80 mg of vitamin C content, 10.1 cm of smearing power, and sensory properties that were acceptable to the panelists.

scholarly journals Production and quality of okra produced with mineral and organic fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Hemmannuella C. Santos ◽  
Emmanuel M. Pereira ◽  
Rafael L. S. de Medeiros ◽  
Paulo M. de A. Costa ◽  
Walter E. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Organic Compost

ABSTRACT Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is a vegetable with annual fruit native to hot regions of Africa, well adapted to the conditions of the Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil, where it is widely used by small farmers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilization on the production and quality of okra fruits. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design, with three replicates and eleven treatments defined according to a Baconian matrix. Treatments consisted of doses of N (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), P (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1) and K (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1), as well as absence and presence of organic compost (30 t ha-1). The following parameters were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, production of fruits plant-1, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length and diameter and fruit quality (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C and electrical conductivity). The crop is demanding in terms of K and N fertilizations, with increments of 15.8 and 36% in the mean number and diameter of fruits, respectively. Organic fertilization did not influence the vegetative growth of okra, but was beneficial to the production of fruits with higher vitamin C content, 52% higher than the contents found in fruits produced without such input.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Persentase Penambahan Bubuk Daun Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni dan Lama Penyeduhan terhadap Karakteristik Minuman Kunyit Asam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Aman Julianto ◽  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
Ni Made Wartini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Brewing Time

The leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant have glycoside compounds including stevioside and rebaudioside A which can be used as natural sweeteners to replace the artificial sweeteners such as aspartame. This sweetener has a sweetness level of 200-300 times that of sucrose, so it can be used as a non-calorie sweetener. One way to take advantage of these leaves is to brew directly on certain products. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition percentage and the duration of brewing stevia leaves on the characteristics of tamarind turmeric drink and determine the appropriate treatment to produce the best tamarind drink. This study used a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the percentage of addition of stevia leaves with 4 levels, namely 15, 20, 25 and 30%. The second factor is the length of brewing with 3 levels, namely 2, 3 and 4 minutes. The results showed that the treatment of the percentage of addition of stevia leaves had an effect on vitamin C levels and antioxidant activity of IC50. The treatment duration of brewing had an effect on the level of vitamin C, while the interaction between the percentage of addition and the duration of brewing had an effect on the ranking of sweetness and the preference for sour turmeric drink.. The addition of 15% stevia leaf powder by brewing for 2 minutes resulted in the best tamarind turmeric drink with the characteristics of IC50 namely 15.78 + 0.38 mg/ml, vitamin C level specifically 14.02 + 1.15 mg AAE/g extracts and ph was 3.33 + 0.18 and the sweet and hedonic taste ratings are slightly sweet and slightly likable, respectively. Keywords : Brewing time, stevia addition, turmeric-tamarind drink

scholarly journals Studies on Physio-Chemical Properties of Value Added Herbal Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Candy

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Konche Jahnavi ◽  
Saket Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted during year 2019-2020 at the Post Harvest Laboratory of Horticulture Department, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj to study “Studies on physio-chemical properties of value added herbal papaya (Carica papaya L.) candy”. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments, replicated thrice. Total number of treatments were ten viz. (T0 (Control)- 70% sugar), (T1-Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 0.5% tulsi),( T2 -Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 1.0% tulsi), (T3 -Raw papaya + 70% sugar +1.5% tulsi), (T4 -Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 0.5% cardamom), (T5 -Raw papaya + 70 % sugar + 1.0% cardamom), (T6 -Raw papaya + 70 % sugar + 1.5% cardamom), (T7 -Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 0.5% lemon grass), (T8 -Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 1.0% lemon grass) and (T9 -Raw papaya +70% sugar + 1.5% lemon grass). The treatment T6 (Raw papaya + 70 % sugar + 1.5% cardamom) was found superior in respect of parameters like total soluble solids (85.78 °Brix), Titrable acidity (1.29), PH (5.05), flavour score (9.00), taste score (9.00) and overall acceptability score (8.50). Benfit-cost Ratio was found highest (1.64) in the treatments (T1 - Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 0.5% tulsi), (T2 - Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 1.0% tulsi), (T3 - Raw papaya + 70% sugar +1.5% tulsi) and (T7 -Raw papaya + 70% sugar + 0.5% lemon grass).

THE EFFECT OF ADDITIVE COMBINATION AND Azotobacter sp. TOWARDS Glycine max. L. GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Yunia Vella Alfani ◽  
Pudjawati Suryatmana ◽  
Ade Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Additive Materials

This study was aimed at determining the increasing of growth and production of soybean crops by giving Azotobacter sp. and additive materials such as coconut water, molasses, and bran. This research was conducted on Januari 2018 to April 2018 at Ciparanje Experimental Field Faculty of Agriculture. Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java Province, on ± 774 meters above sea level (asl) using single factor randomized block design with 10 treatments; Azotobacter sp. and additive materials combination such as coconut water, molasses, and bran in three repetitions. The observations on the parameters observed in the final vegetative phase were on plant height, chlorophyll content, and population of Azotobacter sp. using Total Plate Count (TPC) method.The results show that the application of combination additives materials and Azotobacter sp. effect on populations Azotobacter sp., chlorophyll content, plant height and number of soybean pods (Glycine max L.). Application of coconut water independently, water added with Azotobacter sp., and combination of additive with Azotobacter sp. can give the best effect to the content of chlorophyll, plant height, and soybean crops components (Glycine max. L.).PENGARUH KOMBINASI BAHAN ADITIF DAN Azotobacter sp. TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Glycine max. L.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai dengan memberikan Azotobacter sp. dan aditif air kelapa, molase, serta dedak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Januari 2018-April 2018 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jawa Barat pada ± 774 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan pemberian Azotobacter sp. dan aditif air kelapa, molase, serta dedak dengan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan terhadap parameter yang diamati pada fase vegetatif akhir yaitu tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil, dan populasi Azotobacter sp. dengan metode Total Plate Count (TPC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi kombinasi bahan aditif dan penambahan pupuk hayati Azotobacter sp. berpengaruh terhadap populasi Azotobacter sp., kadar klorofil, tinggi tanaman dan jumlah polong tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L.). Aplikasi air kelapa secara mandiri, air kelapa yang ditambahkan dengan Azotobacter sp., dan kombinasi bahan aditif dengan Azotobacter sp. dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap kandungan klorofil, tinggi tanaman, dan komponen hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max. L.). 

Regulation of flowering in acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prabhu ◽  
S. Parthiban ◽  
A. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
B. Usha Rani ◽  
A. Jayasamundeeswari
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Juice Content

India is the largest producer of acid lime in the world and they are used as fresh fruit or for the preparation of pickles and beverages. They are rich in vitamin C, minerals and salts. The seasonality of production leads to market glut which results in poor returns to the farmers. Hence, an experiment was conducted to manipulate and regulate flowering by using various plant growth regulators viz., GA­3 and cycocel, chemicals viz., KNO3 and salicylic acid at 11 different treatment combinations. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) and each treatment was replicated thrice. The age of the trees was seven years and the variety used was PKM1. The experiment conducted in four consecutive years. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences among the treatments. Acid lime trees sprayed with GA3 50 ppm in June + cycocel 1000 ppm in September + KNO3 2% in October recorded the highest number of fruits tree-1 (1003), weight of fruits (48.60 g) and average fruit yield (28.96 kg tree-1). The same treatment registered the highest values for juice content (32.13 %), TSS (7.29o Brix) and ascorbic acid content (32.56 mg / 100ml).

scholarly journals Long-Term Biosanitation by Application of Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-Infected Crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gerlagh ◽  
H. M. Goossen-van de Geijn ◽  
N. J. Fokkema ◽  
P. F. G. Vereijken
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Bean Crop

The effect of the fungal mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans applied as a spray to crops infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold) on contamination of soil with S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was studied in a 5-year field experiment. Sclerotial survival also was monitored during two subsequent years, when the field was returned to commercial agriculture. In a randomized block design, factorial combinations of four crops and three treatments were repeated 10 times. Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation. Plots were treated with C. minitans or Trichoderma spp. or were nontreated (control). Crops were rotated in each plot, but treatments were applied to the same plot every year. After 3 years during which it showed no effect on sclerotial survival, the Trichoderma spp. treatment was replaced by a single spray with C. minitans during the fourth and fifth years of the trial. The effect of treatments was monitored in subsequent seasons by counting apothecia as a measure of surviving S. sclerotiorum sclerotia and scoring disease incidence. Trichoderma spp. did not suppress S. sclerotiorum, but C. minitans infected at least 90% of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia on treated crops by the end of the each season. C. minitans lowered the number of apothecia compared with the other treatments during the second year after the bean crop. C. minitans reduced the number of apothecia by ≈90% when compared with the control and Trichoderma spp. treatments and reduced disease incidence in the bean crop by 50% during the fifth year of the trial, resulting in a slightly higher yield. In 1993, but not 1994, a single spray with C. minitans was nearly as effective at reducing apothecia as three sprays (monitored in 1995). The final population size of sclerotia in soil at the end of the 7-year period was lower in all C. minitans plots than at the beginning of the trial, even in plots where two highly susceptible bean crops were grown during the period. The results indicate that the mycoparasite C. minitans has the potential to keep contamination of soil with sclerotia low in crop rotations with a high number of crops susceptible to S. sclerotiorum.

scholarly journals PSXII-12 The influence of long-term molybdenum supplementation (in drinking water or feed) on beef calf performance through weaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Meghan P Thorndyke ◽  
Octavio Guimaraes ◽  
Nicole M Tillquist ◽  
Briana V Tangredi ◽  
Joanis T Zervoudakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calf Performance

Abstract Fifty-four multiparous beef cows were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on offspring performance. Cows were blocked by body weight (BW) and age into one of 6 groups. Group were then randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo or Cu), 2) Control+Cu (3 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4·5H2O added to the basal diet), 3) Control + 500 µg Mo/L from MoNa2O4·2H2O in drinking water (Mo 500-water), 4) Control + 1000 µg Mo/L of MoNa2O4·2H2O in drinking water (Mo 1000-water), 5) Mo 1000-water plus 3 mg Cu/kg DM from CuSO4·5H2O added to the basal diet (Mo 1000-water+Cu, and 6) Control plus 3 mg Mo/kg DM from MoNa2O4·2H2O added to the basal diet (3.0 Mo-diet). Cows were housed in dry lot pens (n = 3 cows/pen; 3 pens/treatment) and fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.6% CP; 0.14% S, 6.2 mg Cu/kg, 2.3 mg Mo/kg) and a protein supplement (30% CP). Cows received their respective treatments beginning 60 d prior to breeding and remained on treatments until all calves were weaned at approximately 7 mo. of age. Calf birth weights were collected on the day of birth and all calves were weaned on the same day. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model for a completely randomized block design. Birthweight, ADG, and 205d adjusted weaning weights were similar (P > 0.05) across treatments. These data indicate that Mo supplemented in the drinking water or the diet regardless of the inclusion of additional Cu did not impact calf performance through weaning.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN KOLAGEN SISIK DAN TULANG IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus goramy) PADA MINUMAN JUS JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physical Responses

The addition of collagen derived from bone and scales gouramy into red guava juice drinks and the characteristics of collagen red guava juice drinks based on chemical, physical and organoleptic properties was done. This study used a 5x5 factorial experimental design in a factorial randomized block design (RCBD) with 5 replications, which included factors: added collagen concentration, namely a1 (1%), a2 (1.5%), a3 (2%), a4 (2.5%), a5 (3%). The analysis responses included organoleptic responses (taste, aroma and color), physical responses (viscosity) and chemical responses (protein content and Vitamin C levels). The results of this study indicate that the concentration of collagen added to red guava juice drinks affect the response of taste, aroma, viscosity, protein and Vitamin C from red guava juice drinks. The concentration of collagen added to the red guava juice drink has no effect on the color of the drink

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