scholarly journals Modeling Coronavirus Spread Rate Utilizing Dimensional Analysis via an Irredundant Set of Fundamental Quantities

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ali Rushdi ◽  
Ali Muhammad Rushdi
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Satisfactory Analysis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Physical Quantities

The phenomenon of spread of a (pathogenic) virus involves many physical variables, and is not amenable to satisfactory analysis via conventional methods. Dimensional Analysis (DA) is singled out as a simple and accessible way that can determine (at least qualitatively) how virus spread is related to seven physical quantities that are thought to influence it. However, classical DA deduces four dimensionless products only, none of which incorporates temperature and humidity, despite the obvious relevance of these two meteorological factors. This paper proposes an alternative version of dimensional analysis using a novel irredundant set of three fundamental quantities only. This new DA version produces five dimensionless products, four of which are essentially a replication of the old ones, while the fifth is a novel product that relates both humidity and temperature to other influencing factors. Our novel DA solution is a significant contribution, since it provides a more realistic model for virus spread rate, and it does not ignore any of the essential influencing factors. Such a model might lead to a better understanding of the determinants of spread for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes the ongoing COVID-19 fatal pandemic.

scholarly journals Year of the Mask; COVID-19 Challenges for Orthopaedic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert Smith
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
The World ◽  
Respiratory Physician ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

As a response to the viral pneumonias and severe illnesses that were emerging in patients, an ophthalmologist November 2019 a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China Dr Li Wenliang, working at Wuhan Central Hospital, voiced his concerns only to be severely admonished by the authorities. The accelerated spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Wuhan, and then globally, as a result of the novel coronavirus was acute and pronounced. China alerted the World Health Organisation to several pneumonia cases at the end of December 2019 and the first death was recorded in early January 2020. The respiratory physician Dr Nanshan Zhong, announced human-to-human spread and a few days later on the 23 January 2020, Wuhan was placed under quarantine. The virus spread outside China and the WHO declared the outbreak a global health emergency on 30 January 2020. Tragically Dr Li Wenliang died on 7 February 2020 as a result of exposure to the virus, leaving a five-year-old son and a pregnant wife.

COVID-19: Socio-Economic Consequences on the Hospitality Industry in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah Che Ahmat ◽  
Syafiqah Rahamat ◽  
Susan Wohlsdorf Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province China before emerging in neighbouring countries in early 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic when the spreading of the virus started accelerating in many parts of the world and killing thousands of people. As of 22nd May 2021, there were more than 166 million confirmed cases with more than 147 million recovered and nearly 3.5 million deaths (Worldometers, n.d.). According to the WHO (2020) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), the virus easily spreads through coughing and sneezing. Therefore, many countries implemented social distancing between individuals and various other restriction orders or recommendations (e.g., stay-at-home policies, closure of non-essential businesses) to help curb virus spread. How governments in each country reacted to control the spread of the virus appeared crucial to mitigate public health and economic impacts. Keywords: Foodservice, Hospitality, Hotel, Malaysia, Pandemic

An unfolding crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Simon Hudson
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The travel industry worldwide has been dealt a vicious blow. It is forecast that the number of international tourist arrivals will fall by 60-80%% in 2020 due to the novel coronavirus, putting millions of jobs at risk (Alpert & Beilfuss, 2020; UNTWO, 2020). The drop in arrivals will lead to an estimated loss of $300-450 billion in international tourism receipts (The Economic Times, 2020). The industry will recover, but travel will never be the same again, and the year 2020 will be a defining moment in the history of the tourism sector. But how did this crisis unfold and start to impact travel? This chapter will track the period between the first signs of the virus at the end of 2019 to the beginning of April 2020, showing how as the virus spread, so too did its impact on the travel and tourism around the world.

scholarly journals Impacts of Social and Economic Factors on the Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Qiu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Wei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThis paper examines the role of various socioeconomic factors in mediating the local and cross-city transmissions of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in China. We implement a machine learning approach to select instrumental variables that strongly predict virus transmission among the rich exogenous weather characteristics. Our 2SLS estimates show that the stringent quarantine, massive lockdown and other public health measures imposed in late January significantly reduced the transmission rate of COVID-19. By early February, the virus spread had been contained. While many socioeconomic factors mediate the virus spread, a robust government response since late January played a determinant role in the containment of the virus. We also demonstrate that the actual population flow from the outbreak source poses a higher risk to the destination than other factors such as geographic proximity and similarity in economic conditions. The results have rich implications for ongoing global efforts in containment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Spatial statistics and influencing factors of the novel coronavirus pneumonia 2019 epidemic in Hubei Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhu Xiong ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Mingyong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
County Level ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Spatial Autocorrelation

Abstract An in-depth understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of infectious diseases could be helpful for epidemic prevention and control. Based on the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) data published on official websites, GIS spatial statistics and Pearson correlation methods were used to analyze the spatial autocorrelation and influencing factors of the 2019 NCP epidemic from January 30, 2020 to February 18, 2020. The following results were obtained. (1) During the study period, Hubei Province was the only significant cluster area and hotspot of cumulative confirmed cases of NCP infection at the provincial level in China. (2) The NCP epidemic in China had a very significant global spatial autocorrelation at the prefecture-city level, and Wuhan was the significant hotspot and cluster city for cumulative confirmed NCP cases in the whole country. (3) The cumulative confirmed NCP cases had a very significant global spatial autocorrelation at the county level in Hubei Province, and the county-level districts under the jurisdiction of Wuhan and neighboring Huangzhou district in Huanggang City were the significant hotspots and spatial clusters of cumulative confirmed NCP cases. (4) Based on Pearson correlation analysis, the number of cumulative confirmed NCP cases in Hubei Province had very significant and positive correlations (p<0.01) at the prefecture-city and the county levels with four population indexes (registered population, resident population, regional GDP and total retail sales of consumer goods) during the study period. (5) The number of the cumulative confirmed NCP cases in Hubei Province also had a very significant and positive correlation (p<0.01) on the prefecture-city scale with the Baidu migration index and population density but not with land area, whereas that in Hubei Province had a significant and positive correlation (p<0.05) at the county level with land area but not with population density from January 30, 2020, to February 18, 2020. It was found that the NCP epidemic in Hubei Province had distinctive characteristics of a significant centralized outbreak, significant spatial autocorrelation and complex influencing factors and that the spatial scale had a significant effect on the global spatial autocorrelation of the NCP epidemic. The findings help to deepen the understanding of spatial distribution patterns and transmission trends of the NCP epidemic and may also benefit scientific prevention and control of epidemics such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Investigation and Analysis of the Sub-health Status of the Members of the Medical Team Aiding Wuhan During the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixian Zhang ◽  
Haoyuan Chen ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Dihui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Objective: To understand the sub-health status of the medical team members of the aid to Wuhan during the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, to analyze the possible influencing factors that cause the sub-health status, and to provide a theoretical basis for scientifically maintaining and improving the physical and mental health of the medical team members.Methods: 131 members of the military medical team aiding Wuhan who were treating patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia were selected as subjects in the survey, and a questionnaire on the sub-health influencing factors was designed. After the medical treatment task, the SHMS V1.0 was used for assessment.Results: The sub-health detection rate of the medical team members was 76.3%, and the overall sub-health rating scale score was (69.11 ± 10.20) points. The scores of the three subscales of physiology, psychology, and society are (71.16 ± 11.30) points, (67.99 ± 13.51) points, and (67.41 ± 12.31) points, respectively. Work pressure, family structure, frustration, and diet may be the influence factors of the sub-health. Conclusion: During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, factors such as high-intensity work, non-nuclear families, low hobbies, and irregular diet may lead to the sub-healthy state of the members of the medical aid team in Wuhan. Reasonable arrangements for work and rest, maintaining harmonious family relations, focusing on the development of interests and hobbies, and healthy and regular diet, will help maintain and improve the health of medical team members, consolidate and maintain the combat effectiveness of medical team members, and complete epidemic prevention and control tasks with high quality and efficiency.

scholarly journals Abdominal Pain: A Real Challenge in Novel COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Poggiali ◽  
Pau Mateo Ramos ◽  
Davide Bastoni ◽  
Andrea Vercelli ◽  
Andrea Magnacavallo
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
Common Manifestation

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Since its detection in China at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus has rapidly spread throughout the world and has caused an international public health emergency. The most common manifestation is flu-like symptoms. Mild infections usually improve within a few days, but COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Gastrointestinal symptoms are less common but possible and more difficult to recognize as part of a COVID-19 syndrome. In line with the current opinion of the WHO, we strongly believe that preventive measures and early diagnosis of COVID-19 are crucial to interrupt virus spread and avoid local outbreaks. We report the cases of COVID-19 patients admitted to our Emergency Department who complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at admission.

scholarly journals Indoor versus outdoor transmission of SARS-COV-2: environmental factors in virus spread and underestimated sources of risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Senatore ◽  
Tiziano Zarra ◽  
Antonio Buonerba ◽  
Kwang-Ho Choo ◽  
Shadi W. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Outdoor Transmission ◽  
First Case ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Transmission Pathways

AbstractThe first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Europe was officially confirmed in February 2020. On 11 March 2020, after thousands of deaths from this disease had been reported worldwide, the WHO changed their classification of COVID-19 from a public health emergency of international concern to a pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been shown to be much more resistant to environmental degradation than other coated viruses. Several studies have shown that environmental conditions can influence its viability and infectivity. This review summarizes current knowledge on the transmission pathways of the novel coronavirus, and directs attention towards potentially underestimated factors that affect its propagation, notably indoor spread and outdoor risk sources. The contributions of significant indoor factors such as ventilation systems to the spread of this virus need to be carefully ascertained. Outdoor risk sources such as aerosolized particles emitted during wastewater treatment and particulate matter (PM), both of which may act as virus carriers, should be examined as well. This study shows the influence of certain underestimated factors on the environmental behavior and survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These aspects of coronavirus propagation need to be accounted for when devising actions to limit not only the current pandemic but also future outbreaks. Graphic abstract

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