scholarly journals Ions and Organic Solutes as Implicated in the Ameliorative Effect of Exogenous Application of Calcium on Salt Stressed Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Eunice E. Y. Henry ◽  
Elvire Sossa ◽  
Agossou P. Noumavo ◽  
Guillaume Amadji ◽  
Lamine Baba-Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High K ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Exogenous Calcium

Aims: This study evaluated the role of sodium, potassium, proline and soluble sugars accumulation in the ameliorative effect of an exogenous application of calcium on the detrimental effect of salinity on tomato plants. Study Design: The experiment was implemented as a Completely Randomized Design (RCD) with four treatments and three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was realized in a green house of the Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin Republic from June to July 2020. Methodology: Three weeks old plants of the tomato cultivar “Padma” was submitted in pots to four treatments comprising the control (without NaCl); salt stress (120 mM NaCl) and a combination of 120 mM NaCl and exogenous application of 40 mM CaSO4 or Ca (NO3)2 by irrigation every two days. Plants growth, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) as well as proline and soluble sugars contents of leaves and roots were determined after two weeks. Results: Salt effect reduced significantly plant growth at P =.05, root K content at P =.05 and leaf K/Na ratio at P =.01 whereas it increased significantly leaf Na at P =.05 and root soluble sugars content at P =.05. The application of exogenous calcium (Ca) induced a significant amelioration of plant growth at P =.01 more marked with CaSO4 than with Ca (NO3)2. This treatment induced a significant decrease at P =.01 in leaf and root Na content and a significant increase at P =.05 in root K content only for CaSO4, a significant increase at P =.01 in leaf K/Na ratio and a significant increase at P =.01 in leaf and root proline content only for Ca(NO3)2. Conclusion: The ameliorative effect of both forms of calcium was due mainly to sodium (Na) exclusion from leaves and potassium (K) accumulation associated to a maintain of high K/Na ratio mainly in leaves. The importance of proline accumulation as an indicator of this ameliorative effect was associated only to Ca(NO3)2.

scholarly journals Role of Salicylic Acid on Growth, Yield, Qualityand Disease Pest Reaction of Onion (Allium Cepal.) CV. Agrifound Light Red

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
P Bhasker ◽  
PK Gupta ◽  
HP Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Stemphylium Blight ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
And Storage

Salicylic acid (SA) is endogenous naturally occurring plant growth hormone acting as an important signaling molecule adds tolerance against abiotic stress. A field experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of exogenous application of SA on growth, yield and storage performances of onion during Rabi 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15. The experiment was comprised of 6 different treatments of SA including control. Exogenous applications of all SA treatments significantly influenced plant growth and development. The treatment application of SA at 30 days after seed sowing and second spray at 30 days after transplanting and third spray at 60 days after transplanting performed superior in terms of growth, development and yield. Exogenous application of SA significantly influenced on thrips population and stemphylium blight disease incidence and intensity. The results also revealed that SA partially involved in post-harvest management of onion. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1):39-49 (2020)

scholarly journals The Effect of Endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus on Growth, Absorption and Accumulation of Heavy Metals of Triticum aestivum Grown on Sandy Soil Amended by Sewage Sludge

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Amany A. El-Shahir ◽  
Noha A. El-Tayeh ◽  
Omar M. Ali ◽  
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽  
Naglaa Loutfy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Talaromyces Pinophilus ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Sewage sludge improves agricultural soil and plant growth, but there are risks associated with its use, including high heavy metal content. In this study, experiments were carried out to investigate the role of endophytic Talaromyces pinophilus MW695526 on the growth of Triticum aestivum cultivated in soil amended with sewage sludge and its phytoremediation ability. T. pinophilus could produce gibberellic acid (GA) and stimulate T. aestivum to accumulate GA. The results showed that inoculation with T. pinophilus boosted plant growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (soluble proteins, soluble sugars and total amino acids), enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase), K, Ca and Mg. On the other hand, it reduced Na, Na/K ratio, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn in the growth media as well as in the shoot and root of T. aestivum. The results suggest that endophytic T. pinophilus can work as a barrier to reduce the absorption of heavy metals in T. aestivum cultivated in soil amended with sewage sludge.

scholarly journals The Ameliorative Effect of Silicon on Maize Plants Grown in Mg-Deficient Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ◽  
Sara Naseri Rad ◽  
Nusrat Ali ◽  
Jean-Claude Yvin
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediate ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Maize Plants

The importance of magnesium (Mg) for plant growth is well-documented. Silicon (Si)-mediated alleviation of mineral deficiencies has been also reported in a number of plant species; however, there is no report on the relevance of Si nutrition in plants grown in Mg-deficient condition. Therefore, in the present work, an attempt was undertaken to study the role of Si nutrition in maize plants exposed to Mg deficiency. Plants were grown either under low (0.02 mM) or normal (0.5 mM) levels of Mg, with or without Si supplement. We have shown that Mg-deficient plants treated with Si maintained their growth and increased significantly the levels of chlorophyll and soluble sugars compared to those plants which did not receive Si. In addition, the concentrations of hexose-P, and glycolytic intermediate metabolites—mainly organic acids (isocitric and glutamic acids)—were increased in response to Si nutrition, which was associated with an increase in the levels of stress amino acids such as gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA), serine and glycine, as well as polyamines putrescine, which overall contributed to Mg stress tolerance. In addition, Si enhanced the levels of phytohormones cytokinin iso-pentenyladenine (IP), iso-pentenyladenine riboside (IPR), jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivate l-isoleucine (JA-ILE). The increase in cytokinin maintained the growth of Mg-deficient plants, while JA and JA-IEA were induced in response to carbohydrates accumulation. Altogether, our study reveals the vital role of Si under Mg deficiency by regulating plant primary metabolite and hormonal changes.

scholarly journals The role of endophytic bacteria and mycorrhizae fungus as plant growth inducer of white turmeric

2021 ◽  
Vol 759 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
R Simarmata ◽  
Nuriyanah ◽  
L Nurjanah ◽  
J R L Sylvia ◽  
T Widowati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria

Role of GABA in plant growth, development and senescence

Plant Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100283
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal R. Khan ◽  
Syed Uzma Jalil ◽  
Priyanka Chopra ◽  
Himanshu Chhillar ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Development

scholarly journals Comparative Metabolite Profile, Biological Activity and Overall Quality of Three Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) Cultivars in Response to Sulfur Nutrition

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Muna Ali Abdalla ◽  
Fengjie Li ◽  
Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann ◽  
Saad Sulieman ◽  
Deniz Tasdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Higher Plant

The main objective of the present study was to assess the effects of sulfur (S) nutrition on plant growth, overall quality, secondary metabolites, and antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars. Three lettuce cultivars, namely, Pazmanea RZ (green butterhead, V1), Hawking RZ (green multi-leaf lettuce, V2), and Barlach RZ (red multi-leaf, V3) were subjected to two S-treatments in the form of magnesium sulfate (+S) or magnesium chloride (−S). Significant differences were observed under −S treatments, especially among V1 and V2 lettuce cultivars. These responses were reflected in the yield, levels of macro- and micro-nutrients, water-soluble sugars, and free inorganic anions. In comparison with the green cultivars (V1 and V2), the red-V3 cultivar revealed a greater acclimation to S starvation, as evidenced by relative higher plant growth. In contrast, the green cultivars showed higher capabilities in production and superior quality attributes under +S condition. As for secondary metabolites, sixteen compounds (e.g., sesquiterpene lactones, caffeoyl derivatives, caffeic acid hexose, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-OCQA), quercetin and luteolin glucoside derivatives) were annotated in all three cultivars with the aid of HPLC-DAD-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Sesquiterpene lactone lactucin and anthocyanin cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were only detected in V1 and V3 cultivars, respectively. Based on the analyses, the V3 cultivar was the most potent radical scavenger, while V1 and V2 cultivars exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in response to S provision. Our study emphasizes the critical role of S nutrition in plant growth, acclimation, and nutritional quality. The judicious-S application can be adopted as a promising antimicrobial prototype for medical applications.

scholarly journals Recapitulation of the Function and Role of ROS Generated in Response to Heat Stress in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Emily Medina ◽  
Su-Hwa Kim ◽  
Miriam Yun ◽  
Won-Gyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Signaling Molecule ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Tropical Area

In natural ecosystems, plants are constantly exposed to changes in their surroundings as they grow, caused by a lifestyle that requires them to live where their seeds fall. Thus, plants strive to adapt and respond to changes in their exposed environment that change every moment. Heat stress that naturally occurs when plants grow in the summer or a tropical area adversely affects plants’ growth and poses a risk to plant development. When plants are subjected to heat stress, they recognize heat stress and respond using highly complex intracellular signaling systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS was previously considered a byproduct that impairs plant growth. However, in recent studies, ROS gained attention for its function as a signaling molecule when plants respond to environmental stresses such as heat stress. In particular, ROS, produced in response to heat stress in various plant cell compartments such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, plays a crucial role as a signaling molecule that promotes plant growth and triggers subsequent downstream reactions. Therefore, this review aims to address the latest research trends and understandings, focusing on the function and role of ROS in responding and adapting plants to heat stress.

scholarly journals The role of ascorbic acid combined exposure on Imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam M. El-Garawani ◽  
Elsayed A. Khallaf ◽  
Alaa A. Alne-na-ei ◽  
Rehab G. Elgendy ◽  
Gaber A. M. Mersal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Gill Cells ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Dna Strand

AbstractImidacloprid (Imid), a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is broadly used worldwide. It is reported to contaminate aquatic systems. This study was proposed to evaluate oxidative stress and genotoxicity of Imid on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effect of ascorbic acid (Asc). O. niloticus juveniles (30.4 ± 9.3 g, 11.9 ± 1.3 cm) were divided into six groups (n = 10/replicate). For 21 days, two groups were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Imid (8.75 ppm, 1/20 of 72 h-LC50 and 17.5 ppm, 1/10 of 72 h-LC50); other two groups were exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in combination with Imid (8.75 and 17.5 ppm); one group was exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in addition to a group of unexposed fish which served as controls. Oxidative stress was assessed in the liver where the level of enzymatic activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in addition to mRNA transcripts and, Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. Moreover, mitotic index (MI) and comet assay were performed, in addition, the erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were observed to assess genotoxicity in fish. Imid exposure induced significant (p ˂ 0.05) changes in the antioxidant profile of the juveniles' liver by increasing the activities and gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPX as well as elevating the levels of LPO. DNA strand breaks in gill cells, erythrocytes and hepatocytes along with erythrocytic MN and NA were also significantly elevated in Imid-exposed groups. MI showed a significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease associated with Imid exposure. Asc administration induced a significant amelioration towards the Imid toxicity (8.75 and 17.5 ppm). A significant protective potency against the genotoxic effects of Imid was evidenced in Asc co-treated groups. Collectively, results highlight the importance of Asc as a protective agent against Imid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in O. niloticus juveniles.

Unraveling the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the alleviation of arsenic phytotoxicity: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 126809
Author(s):  
Sayanta Mondal ◽  
Krishnendu Pramanik ◽  
Sudip Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Priyanka Pal ◽  
Tanushree Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Comparison of plant growth and remediation potential of pyrochar and thermal desorption for crude oil-contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Uzma Shoukat ◽  
Maimona Saeed ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Germination And Growth

AbstractCrude oil contamination is a serious environmental threat for soil and plants growing in it. This study provides the first experimental evidence for comparison of the efficacy of pyrochar (slow pyrolysis biochar), thermal desorption and their combined application for degradation of crude oil contaminated soil (0%, 10%, and 20%), and growth of lettuce under glasshouse conditions. Pyrochar was produced by pyrolysis of sawdust at 350 °C, whereas thermal desorption was done by soil pyrolysis at 500 °C. Soil incubations were done for 120 days. The results of soil analysis showed that the crude oil degradation efficiency for the combined application was highest (40%), whereas pyrochar and thermal desorption was 25% and 19.6%, respectively. The maximum degradation products of crude oil were manifested by the detection of low molecular weight hydrocarbons (ranged between 173 and 422) in the soil with combined application treatment using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Crude oil contamination significantly reduced the germination and growth of the lettuce plants. Similarly, the combined application also improved plant growth by an increase of 24% in germination percentage, 35.5% in seedling vigor index, and 27% in promptness index under 20% crude oil contamination. Remediation caused a significant increase in fresh and dry biomass (40%), leaf area (30%), total chlorophyll (21%), water potential (23.6%), osmotic potential (27%), and membrane stability index (40%). Moreover, there was an increase in the contents of proline (32%), total amino acids (29%), soluble sugars (37%), proteins (27%), and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (19%), catalase (33%) and peroxidase (38%). This study confirmed the efficacy of pyrochar (slow pyrolysis biochar), thermal desorption, and their combined application for crude oil decontamination of soil at laboratory scale and also in improving soil usability by improved germination and growth of lettuce.

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