scholarly journals Assessment of Gypsum as a Soil Ameliorant on Salt-affected Soils in the Ho-Keta Plain of the Volta Region, Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
L. Sackey ◽  
E. Osei ◽  
E. O. Bennoah ◽  
A. Tettey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Initial Sampling ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of Gypsum as a chemical ameliorant on three selected salt-affected soils of the Ho-Keta plain, in the Volta region of Ghana. Study Design:  Complete Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study:  Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, Kumasi between June 2014 and July 2019. Methodology: Soil sampling was taken in two forms. The initial sampling was taken at a depth of 0-30 cm from Anyako, Anyenui and Atiehife for the soil physical and chemical analysis. Samples were further taken from profiles, composited and sub-sampled for the leaching experiment. Approximately 2.6 kg of the soil samples from the different sites were taken, mixed thoroughly with different rates 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of Gypsum, (CaSO4.2H2O) and filled into fifteen perforated polyvinyl plastic pots and replicated four times. The pots were saturated with water, incubated for 24 h and leached intermittently with 120 mL distilled water for a period of four weeks. Results: Significant displacement of Na+ by Ca2+ and subsequently leached became evident in the reduced values recorded for pH, EC and SAR. The applied gypsum reduced pH within a range of 4.0 to 4.2 compared to the original soil with no significant differences among the treatments at p = 0.05. Though a similar trend was observed for EC, significant difference at p = 0.05 was observed at gypsum level above 50%. Sodium adsorption ratio recorded a marked difference as gypsum level was varied with significant difference at p = 0.05 compare to the control.   Conclusion: The study revealed that gypsum rates at 75% and 100% Gypsum requirement were effective in improving the chemical properties of the soils with significant reductions in salinity, sodicity and pH. Atiehife soil performed better compared to Anyenui and Anyako soils.

scholarly journals A study of Soil Invertebrates community in a Date - Palm plantation in Baghdad, Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Individual Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil invertebrates community an important role as part of essential food chain and responsible for the decomposition in the soil, helps soil aeration , nutrients recycling and increase agricultural production by providing the essential elements necessary for photosynthesis and energy flow in ecosystems.The aim of the present study was to investigate the soil invertebrates community in one of the date palms plantation in Aljaderia district South of Baghdad, , and their relationships with some physical and chemical properties of the soil , as Five randomly distributed replicates of soil samples were collected monthly. Invertebrates samples were sorted from the soil with two methods, direct method to isolate large invertebrates and indirectly to isolate small invertebrates using wet funnel method. The study also included the determination of physical and chemical factors of the soil (Temperature, Salinity, pH, Organic matter, Humidity, In addition to the soil texture).Monthly fluctuations in physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and the total invertebrates community study site were determined. Significant correlations the of the invertebrates community and each of temperature, organic matter, and humidity were observed. The study revealed that the temperature of the soil ranged between 5 to 25 C0 , The salinity concentration ranged between 1.1-1.9 ‰, The pH values ranged between 7.3 to 7.8 and the percentage of soil moisture ranged between 15 - 25% , Soil samples were composed of 44.6 % Clay, 19.7% Silt and 35.5% Sand.A total of 4625 individuals of soil invertebrates belonging to 16 taxa were sorted , within which the adult and larval insects were the most abundant, and from them 1283 individuals were sorted , represented 28% of the total numbers, followed by Isopoda , which 1030 individuals of them were sorted, In addition to Nematode, Oligochaetes Annelids family Enchytraeidae, and Earthworms family Lumbricida, Species of Chilopoda, Diplopoda, mites, land snails and slugs. The highest total individual number were recorded recorded durim moderate temperature months, February, March and April amounted to 838, 801 and 813 individuals, respectively.A significant correlation was mated between total number of soil invertebrates and each of temperature, organic matter and humidity. The significant difference in means was calculated according to LSD test.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI LARUTAN KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA (Ca (OH)2) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA GELATIN KULIT SAPI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Susan ., Mokoolang ◽  
Meity ., Sompie ◽  
Indiyah ., Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Animal Product ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
Product Technology ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of differences in the concentration of lime solution (Ca (OH) 2) on the physical and chemical properties of gelatin in cow skin. This research was conducted in December 2017 until January 2018 at the Laboratory of Animal Product Technology at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Sam Ratulangi University of Manado and analysis was carried out at the Food Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 4 x 4 with the treatment of the concentration of calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) solution, each treatment was repeated four times (Steel and Torrie, 2001). The results showed that the treatment of the concentration of calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) gave no significant difference (P> 0.05) on gel strength, viscosity, yield, pH and water content of gelatin in cow skin.*eprm*

scholarly journals Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anshu Siwach ◽  
Siddhartha Kaushal ◽  
Ratul Baishya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

scholarly journals STUDY AND ESTIMATION OF THE RATIO OF 137CS AND 40K SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN SANDY AND LOAM SOILS / 137CS IR 40K SAVITŲJŲ AKTYVUMŲ SANTYKIŲ TYRIMAS IR VERTINIMAS PRIESMĖLIO IR PRIEMOLIO DIRVOŽEMYJE

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Renata Mikalauskienė ◽  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Ingrida Pliopaitė Bataitienė
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Testing ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Plant ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present article describes changes in specific activities and fluctuations in the ratio of natural 40K and artificial 137Cs radionuclides in soil samples taken from different places of Lithuanian territory. The samples of soil have been selected from the districts polluted after the accident in Chernobyl nuclear plant performing nuclear testing operations. The study has established the main physical and chemical properties of soil samples and their impact on the concentration of 40K activities. 137Cs/40K specific activities in soil have been observed under the dry weight of the sample that varied from 0.0034 to 0.0240. The results of the study could be used for establishing and estimating 137Csand 40K transfer in the system “soil-plant”. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama gamtinės (40K) ir dirbtinės (137Cs) kilmės radionuklidų savitųjų aktyvumų ir jų santykio kaita skirtinguose Lietuvos teritorijos dirvožemiuose. Dirvožemio mėginiai parinkti iš vietovių, kurios buvo labiau užterštos po Černobylio atominės elektrinės avarijos ir buvusių branduolinių bandymų. Tyrimo metu nustatytos pagrindinės fizinės cheminės dirvožemio savybės ir jų poveikis 40K aktyvumų koncentracijai. 137Csir 40K savitieji aktyvumai dirvožemyje tirti esant sausam mėginio svoriui. 137Cs savitieji aktyvumai sausame dirvožemyje svyravo nuo 1,1±1,0 iki 14,3±0,9 Bq/kg, o 40K savitieji aktyvumai – nuo 326±29 iki 740±15 Bq/kg. 137Csir 40K savitųjų aktyvumų santykis skirtingų vietovių dirvožemiuose kito nuo 0,0034 iki 0,0240 Bq/kg. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti panaudoti, nustatant ir įvertinant 137Csir 40K pernašą sistemoje dirvožemis–augalai.

scholarly journals Leaching of Picloram in ultisol under different rainfall volumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C Assis ◽  
A.A Silva ◽  
L D'Antonino ◽  
M.E.L.R Queiroz ◽  
L.C Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Plot Design

The present study aimed to evaluate the leaching potential of Picloram in Ultisol columns under different rainfall amounts. For such, 30 treatments were evaluated (one soil associated with three levels of rainfall and ten depths).The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. PVC columns of 10 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length were filled with these soils, moistened, and placed upright for 48 hours to drain the excess water. The herbicide was applied and rainfall simulations were carried out at specified intensities, according to the treatments, to force Picloram leaching. After 72 hours, all the columns were arranged in a horizontal position and opened lengthwise. Then, soil sampling was carried out every 5 cm of depth for subsequent herbicide extraction and quantification and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The remaining soil samples were placed in plastic pots, and, at the respective depths, the indicator species Cucumis sativus was sown. Twenty-one days after the emergence (DAE) of the indicator plants, evaluations were conducted to verify the symptoms of toxicity caused by Picloram in the plants. It was concluded that Picloram leaching is directly dependent on the volume of rain applied. The herbicide reached the deepest regions in the soil with the highest intensity of rain. The results obtained by bioassay were in agreement with those found by liquid chromatography.

Dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil after agricultural abandonment in a karst region in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Jiale Wang ◽  
Jianming Li ◽  
Bei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>Rocky desertification induced by severe deforestation has caused the water loss and soil erosion in karst regions in southeast China, limiting local social and economic developments. To prevent further rocky desertification, the farmland which had obtained by deforestation were abandoned for recovery. As soil quality improved by agriculture abandonment should be examined, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of physical and chemical properties of soil in different ages after abandonment. In this study, 38 investigation sites were selected for soil sampling on the slopes in Longtan trough valley in Youyang County, Chongqing Municipality, China. The dominant plant species of the investigation sites were also noted during soil sampling. The sites were divided into seven age classes according to their abandonment time. Dynamics of water content, bulk density, pH, and concentration of available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic matters were examined. It suggests that soil quality might be deteriorated right after abandonment and then improved from around 20 years after abandonment. Deterioration of soil quality may be induced by lack of plant coverage and exposure of rock outcrops which may accelerate water loss and swelling and shrinkage cycles of soil. After the formation of plant communities and litter layer above the ground, soil quality was then apparently improved. These findings can provide a potential guideline for recovery management in karst regions in southwest of China.</p>

scholarly journals Wheat straw increases the defense response and resistance of watermelon monoculture to Fusarium wilt

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Tang ◽  
Shaorui Nie ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Chao Fan ◽  
Siqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Background Wheat straw is a rich resource worldwide. Straw return is an effective strategy to alleviate soil-borne diseases on monoculture watermelon. Previous studies focus on soil structure, physical and chemical properties; however, little is known about the molecular responses on host plant. Results No significant difference on the population of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum race 1(Fon1) in rhizosphere soil was found between control (no addition of wheat straw) and the treated groups (addition of 1% (T1) or 2% (T2) wheat straw). RNA-Seq analysis showed that 3419 differentially expressed genes were clustered into 8 profiles. KEGG analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction were involved in wheat straw induced response in monoculture watermelon. Genes in lignin biosynthesis were found to be upregulated, and the lignin and auxin contents were higher in T1 and T2 compared to the control. Lignin was also enriched and the Fon1 population decreased in watermelon roots treated with wheat straw. The enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase were increased. Conclusions Our data suggest that the addition of wheat straw enhances the defense response to Fon1 infection in watermelon through increasing lignin and auxin biosynthesis.

The effects of cement and natural zeolite additives on problematic clay soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Turkoz ◽  
Pinar Vural
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Significant Strength ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractDispersive and expansive soils are considered problematic, and these soil properties cause serious problems for many engineering structures. For many years, comprehensive studies have been carried out with the aim of improving the swelling and dispersive qualities of soils by using additives. Each feature in the literature associated with the improvement of the dispersive and swell properties of clay soil with additives was separately evaluated. In this study, the effect of cement and natural zeolite additives on the characteristics of dispersibility and swelling potential of clay soils were investigated. A fixed percentage of cement (3%) plus different percentages of natural zeolite (1%, 3%, 6%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were mixed with four different clay soil samples. In this context, first, the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were determined. Next, the swell percentage, swell pressure, crumb, pinhole and unconfined compressive strength tests at different curing times were performed on samples with and without the additive by compressing the sample to achieve particular compaction characteristics. Significant strength value increases depended on curing time, and the properties were improved with the mixture of cement and zeolite additives, depending on the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values of clay soil samples with different plasticity characteristics that exhibit dispersive and swell properties. This study not only showed that a mixture of cement and zeolite additives improved the dispersive and swell properties of clay soil samples with four different plasticity characteristics, depending on their SAR and ESP values, but also significant increases in strength values were observed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gelatin Addition from Various Fish Skin to the Physical and Chemical Properties of Chikuwa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irvan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Chikuwa is one of Japanese traditional fishery food product that commonly made from potato starch, fish surimi, and some spices. To enhance Chikuwa physical and chemical properties especially in texture attribute and protein content, Gelatin can be added. Gelatin is a partial hydrolysis protein that usually added in food making process to improve the gumminess quality and the protein content. Gelatin can be derived from bone collagen, skin and fish scale. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of gelatin from various skin fish to the physical and chemical characteristics of Chikuwa. The research method used is experimental laboratories using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. The data analysed with ANOVA and continued with BNJ analysis if there is a significant difference between the treatments. This research has divided into two stages. The first step aim is to make the gelatin from the skin of seabass, payus fish and tilapia with 3% concentrations. The second step is Chikuwa making added with gelatin. The parameters that observed are water content, protein content, white degree, gel strength, sensory attributes, folding, bite. The results showed that Chikuwa with the addition of gelatin from seabass, payus and tilapia skin are significantly different (p <0.05) due to the physical and chemical characteristics of Chikuwa. The best Chikuwa quality is Chikuwa with the addition of seabass gelatin, where the gelatin yield is 18.03 ± 0.68; the gelatin gel strength is 251.11 ± 1.08 bloom; the viscosity is 5.80 ± 0.15 cP; the gel Chikuwa sample strength is 954.54 ± 0.56 gcm and protein content is 22.01 ± 0.98%

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