scholarly journals Stakeholders’ View of Sustainability of Public Water Supply Schemes in a Rural Area: The Case of Muyuka Subdivision, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Finley Mbah ◽  
Rene Nkenyi ◽  
Delvis Fru
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Household Heads

Background and Aim: It is certain that without readily available water in sufficient quantity, and free of pathogens, man's progress is tremendously hindered. In Muyuka, Cameroon, though there exist public taps littered “here and there”, the population most often find themselves fetching water from nearby streams raising to surface the question of sustainability of the available water systems which was the aim of this study. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytic study targeting household heads and water committee members in the rural communities of Muyuka. Three communities were randomly selected and from each, five quarters were randomly selected. In the quarters, convenience sampling technique was used for the household heads while snowball sampling technique was used to get the water committee members. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used and data analyzed using R. Results: A total of 371 persons participated in the study. The average number of years lived in the community was 22.08 (SD=10.61) and ranged from 10 to 66. Only 13.00% of the participant didn’t see the water system as challenging while 81.5% finds it to be severely problematic. Utilization of water averaged far less than the 50L/person/day and the situation worsened as the household size increased. Close to half (49.6%) of participants did not participate at any stage in the development of the water system. According to the participants, water systems breaks down averagely 3 times in a year and last for about 67 days before being repaired. Water committee members reported difficulties in accessing spare parts and inadequacy in their training.   Conclusion: Frequent breakdown of the water schemes compounded by the unavailability of spare parts and hence delays in repairs, and in expansion, user dissatisfaction and unwillingness to pay their bills; inadequacy in training of water committee members, has resulted in poor sustainability of the water system.

Intimate Partner Violence and its Mental Health Implications Amid COVID-19 Lockdown: Findings Among Nigerian Couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Margaret Isioma Ojeahere ◽  
Sahmicit Kankemwa Kumswa ◽  
Frances Adiukwu ◽  
Janet Punyit Plang ◽  
Yetunde Folake Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Implications

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a global health problem with increasing mental health consequences. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria, couples were compelled to spend more time together, regardless of their pre-existing challenges. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of IPV, its forms, and mental health implications among Nigerian households amid the COVID-19 lockdown. A cross-sectional study was implemented which used the snowball sampling technique to recruit 474 participants across 31 states in Nigeria. A semi-structured online questionnaire was distributed using the WhatsApp platform. The relationship between IPV, its forms, and associated factors were analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression with significant value at p ≤ .05 and confidence interval of 95%. Majority (98.1%) of the participants had at least a college degree and 90.1% were employed. Overall prevalence of IPV ranged from 7.2% to 13.5%. Using the lockdown as the landmark, higher prevalence was found before than during the lockdown across physical, emotional, financial, and sexual forms of IPV. Emotional form had the highest prevalence both before and during the lockdown with 11.4% and 3.8% respectively. Furthermore, 22.6% of participants reported that the lockdown affected their mental health. Hopelessness, feelings of failure, being irritable, and constantly under strain were psychological symptoms significantly associated with IPV amid the lockdown. Decreased prevalence of IPV were found in the early phase of the pandemic, suggesting that couples can experience less partner violence during periods of confinement. Our study supports existing evidence that forms of IPV have negative mental health consequences on abused partners.

scholarly journals Determinants of Rural Out-Migration in Habru District of Northeast Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beneberu Assefa Wondimagegnhu ◽  
Mesfin Eshetu Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Nonfarm Employment ◽  
Land Size

Migration has become a cause of concern at the global, regional, and national levels. Like the case of many developing countries, Ethiopia has been facing increasing challenges related to rural out-migration. This study aimed to analyze factors that determine rural communities’ decision to migrate to internal and international destinations in Habru district of Northeast Ethiopia. Stratified sampling technique has been employed to select a total of 200 household heads in three agroecologies of the study area. Structured questionnaires have been used as a principal primary data collection method and logistic regression has been employed for analysis. The results of the study showed that intravillage conflict, absence of relief assistant, livestock ownership, farm land size, access to information, and household and individual characteristics including family size, sex, and age of the migrants are the dominant determinant factors for rural out-migration. Migration can have a positive outcome in improving livelihoods if comprehensive and holistic policies and strategies are in place. There is also a need to strengthen the link between rural development policy and the disadvantaged groups by designing and implementing different livelihood alternatives including reducing pressure on scarce resources particularly land, integrating health and education services, and creating nonfarm employment opportunities.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Ghana

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Sumani Abdul-Manan ◽  
Alhassan Iddrisu Abdullai ◽  
Buhari Gunu Yussif
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Background: A proven strategy for saving lives from vaccine-preventable diseases is the timely vaccination of the people. In Ghana, there is considerable hesitation about the Covid-19 vaccines due to anxieties and uncertainties about their safety. With varying perceptions and believes being developed about Covid-19 vaccines, there is a likely negative effect on vaccine acceptance or otherwise. This study aims to ascertain the levels of acceptance of potential Covid-19 vaccine among Ghanaian adults, to identify predictors of vaccine acceptance or hesitance. Methodology: A web based cross-sectional survey conducted among Ghanaians above 18 years, conducted between the month of February and March, 2021. Data were collected by administering online google forms (Questionnaire). The questionnaire was shared through social media platforms. A snowball sampling technique was used where researchers shared google forms to close friends and family. Analyses were conducted at p-value <0.05 using descriptive statistics, cross-tabula­tions and logistic regression. Results: A total of 350 responses were achieved by end of data collection. Out of these, only 348 were considered for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Majority of the respondents (65.2%) were male, a third (30%) of them live in rural areas and about 57.5% were married. Factors such as age, educational level, prior vaccine acceptance history, personal vulnerability and self-feeling of health were significantly associated with covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Conclusion: The results depict low acceptance rate for potential covid-19 vaccine among Ghanaians. Government and MoH should engage the media on its role in combating misinformation with regards the Covid-19 vaccine. Key words: coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), vaccine, hesitance, acceptance.

Frequency of hearing impairment in children between the age of 2 to 10 years with middle ear infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sultan Badar Munir ◽  
Imran Saeed ◽  
Sikander Ghayas Khan ◽  
Syed Shakeel Ur Rehman ◽  
Rabia Ghayas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Abstract This study was conducted to find out frequency of hearing impairment in middle ear infection. The study design was a cross- sectional survey, conducted from August 2018 to January 2019 in the ENT Department of Children's Hospital Lahore. The data was collected through convenience sampling technique among 52 patients of middle ear infection. The measurements for level of hearing impairment were taken. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences, SPSS 20.0 Out of total 52, There were found 15 (28.8%) had once a month ear infection and 37 (71.2%) had off and 35 (67.3%) patients had mild hearing, 13 (25%) had moderate, 2(3.8%) severe and 2 (3.8%) had normal hearing loss. It was concluded that most of the participants having middle ear infections had hearing loss. Keywords: Hearing Impairment, Middle Ear Infection, Continuous...

Faktor Terkait Praktik PHBS Masyarakat Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Randuboto Kabupaten Gresik

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Siti Zaerina Zaerina ◽  
Yusniar Hanani Darundiati ◽  
Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: COVID-19 is an pandemic, including Indonesia. PHBS (Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour) is an effort to strengthen the behaviour of a person, group, and community to care for and prioritize health to create a higher quality life. Community participation in efforts to prevent COVID-19 is an important factor in breaking the chain of infection. As 9 July 2020 3 residents have been confirmed positive for COVID-19 in Randuboto Village. Objectives: Therefore this research was carried out to analyze the factors related to PHBS practices durung the COVID-19 pandemic in Randuboto Village, Gresik Regency. Research Metodes: This type of research used in this study is an observational study using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was the total population of Randuboto Village, Gresik Regency which was recorded as many as 4,006 people. The sampling technique used in this study was snowball sampling. The nimber of samples taken was 108 samples that met the inclusion criteria. The independent variables in this study are the level of knowledge, attitudes, and the availability of supporting facilities for the respondents. The dependent variable in this study is PHBS practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: PHBS practices in Randuboto Village, Gresik Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic showed good practice at 55,6%. This is related to the activity of washing hands with soap and running water, diligently eat healthy foods, regularly do physical activity/ exercise, smoking outside the house, regularly cleaning the neighborhood where I live, regularly leaving the house during the COVID-19 emergency using a mask, frequently visiting public places and being crowded during colds.  The majority of respondents were ≤ 25 years old, which was 63,9%, while the majority of respondents education level was Senior High School  at 53,7%. The majority of respondents types of work are other at 52,8%. The variable related to the practice of PHBS during the COVID-19 pandemic are the level of knowledge(0,001), attitudes (0,001), and the availability of supporting facilities (0,001). Conclusion: Most of the respondents have a poor level of knowledge, good attitude, availability of adequate supporting infrastructure and good PHBS practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.The practice of PHBS during the COVID-19 pandemic In the environment around Randuboto Village, Gresik regency needs to be improved again, especially in knowledge, as weel as the availability of supporting facilities. It is hoped that the community an also improve personal hygiene such as washing hands regularly and wearing masks when doing activities outside. This is very important to break the chain of spread of the COVID-19.   Keywords: Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour, corona virus 

scholarly journals Demand for Health Information on COVID-19 among Vietnamese

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thi Le ◽  
Diep Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Ahmed Sam Beydoun ◽  
Xuan Thi Thanh Le ◽  
Thao Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Ethnic Factors ◽  
Demand For Health

Due to the rapid spread of coronavirus, Vietnam introduced its first national partial lockdown on April 1st, 2020. The public relied on online sources, whether through official websites or phone-based applications, to acquire up-to-date health information, provide accurate instructions, and limit misinformation. This study aims to provide insight regarding the current level of awareness of the pandemic, and to identify associated factors in Vietnamese participants to recommend necessary interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a web-based survey during the first week of the lockdown period. There were 341 observations collected using a snowball sampling technique. A Tobit multivariable regression model was used to identify factors associated with the demand for each category of health information. The most requested information was the latest updated news on the epidemic, followed by information about disease symptoms and updated news on the outbreak. The prevalence of diverse socioeconomic, demographic, and ethnic factors in Vietnam requires consideration of the specific health information needs of unique groups. Identifying group-specific demands would be helpful to provide proper information to fulfill each population group’s needs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Health Workers’ Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Low-Resource Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. A. Alao ◽  
A. O. Durodola ◽  
O. R. Ibrahim ◽  
O. A. Asinobi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Resource Limited

Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious disease with a potential for healthcare workers (HCWs) getting infected due to inadequate protection while attending to patients. Effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is key to mitigating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare settings. Hence, there is a need to understand HCWs’ use of PPE in resource-limited settings and how closely the currently recommended guidelines for PPE are followed. This study assessed the HCWs’ knowledge about, attitudes towards, beliefs on, and use of PPE to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in a resource-limited setting. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2020 in Southwest and Northwest Nigeria. The selection of participants was performed via the snowball sampling technique using a 33-item, web-based, self-administered questionnaire via a social media network. We obtained relevant sociodemographic data and information on participants’ occupations and knowledge about, attitudes towards, beliefs on, and use of PPE. We analysed the data using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). A p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 290 subjects responded to the questionnaire, and 18 (6.2%) were excluded because of incomplete data. The mean age of the respondents was 32.3 ± 9.9 years. There were 116 males (42.6%). The majority of the respondents were medical doctors (114, 41.9%), followed by nurses and clinical students. Of the 272 respondents in this survey, only 70 (25.7%) had adequate knowledge about PPE. Of the respondents who presumed they had adequate knowledge about donning and doffing PPE, 94 (56%) were incorrect. The predictors of good knowledge were ages younger than 45 years (p=0.046) and practice location (p=0.009). Conclusion. This study showed that HCWs’ knowledge about, attitudes towards, and beliefs on PPE and their PPE skill in practice in Nigeria were remarkably poor. There is an urgent need for nationwide practical training on PPE use to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs.

scholarly journals Does sense of ownership matter for rural water system sustainability? Evidence from Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Marks ◽  
Kyle Onda ◽  
Jennifer Davis
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water System ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
System Sustainability

Community sense of ownership for rural water infrastructure is widely cited as a key factor in ensuring sustainable service delivery, but no empirical investigation has evaluated the relationship between sense of ownership and sustainability outcomes. This study examines the association between system sustainability and sense of ownership among households and water committees, using primary data collected throughout 50 rural communities with piped water systems in Kenya. Data sources include in-person interviews with 1,916 households, 312 water committee members and 50 system operators, as well as technical assessments of water systems. Using principal components analysis we create composite measures of system sustainability (infrastructure condition, users' confidence, and ongoing management), and of water committees' and households' sense of ownership for the system. All else held constant, infrastructure condition is positively associated with water committee members' sense of ownership, whereas users' confidence and system management are positively associated with households' sense of ownership. These findings stand in contrast with much of the published literature on rural water planning, which assumes homogeneity of ownership feelings across all members of a community and which suggests a consistent and positive association between households' sense of ownership and sustainability.

Influence of failure factors on entrepreneurial resilience in Angolan micro, small and medium-sized enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Franco ◽  
Heiko Haase ◽  
Dalne António
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Market ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Failure Factors

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of failure factors on entrepreneurial resilience in micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Design/methodology/approach To achieve this goal, a quantitative and cross-sectional study was carried out. Using a snowball sampling technique, 133 Angolan MSMEs founders responded to a questionnaire. Findings The results indicate that entrepreneurs attribute the failure of their activities to financial and external environmental factors such as the economic crisis and changes in the country’s laws. However, these entrepreneurs are considered resilient, as they have enough capacity to resist the national market and have a strong sense of optimism. Practical implications Based on the empirical evidence, this study shows that the failure factors of the MSMEs studied have a significant influence on some of the dimensions of entrepreneurial resilience. At the practical level, the study can be also seen as a tool to support decision making in allocating resources to improve entrepreneurial resilience in developing economies. Originality/value This study contributes to the field of research on MSMEs in an innovative way, through triangulation of the factors of business failure and entrepreneurial resilience. Furthermore, it makes some contributions to developing the theory in entrepreneurship, which has been associated with various studies about business failure.

scholarly journals Rural communities’ perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Zerihun Yohannes Amare ◽  
Johnson O Ayoade ◽  
Ibidun O Adelekan ◽  
Menberu Teshome Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Communities’ perception of climate change must be integrated with research information to improve their adaptive capacity successfully. Thus, to propose appropriate adaptation options to the specific localities, understanding the levels of perception of rural communities to climate change and variability is crucial. This study aims to capture the rural communities’ perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional socio-economic and time series climatic data were used. Stratified and snowball sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 398 households. Chi-square analysis was carried out at p≤0.05. The majority (65.7%) of households had information about climate change before this study survey. Age, farming experience, income, the number of relatives, access to weather information, farmer to farmer access, and government experts’ extension services had a significant effect on the majority of climatic variables perception of households. The households’ perception of climate change was in line with results of climate data analysis. The chi-square analysis test of hypothesis shows gender has no significant effect on the perception of climate change. The implication is that all social groups in the study area perceived that there are changes in climate.

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