scholarly journals Phytochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum on Salmonella Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. M. Jodi ◽  
A. A. Farouq ◽  
A. M. Magashi ◽  
G. D. Muomora ◽  
M. K. Nata’ala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is commonly used as food and health purposes. This study is aimed at evaluating the bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of leaf extract of O. gratissimum against Salmonella species. Methodology: The Phytochemical screening of O. gratissimum was conducted using standard methods. Screening for antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts against Salmonella species was determined using agar well diffusion method. An in-vivo toxicity study was carried out with albino rats. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, glycosides, alkaloid, volatile oils and steroids. A zone of inhibition of 14mm was recorded against the organisms using ethanolic extract with a concentration of 100 mg/ml and the lowest was recorded against Salmonella paratyphi with the concentration of 25 mg/ml of the ethanolic extract. Zone of inhibition of 9.00 mm and 10.0mm was recorded against S. typhi and S. paratyphi on a concentration of 100 mg/ml of the aqueous extract. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the leaf was recorded. After the toxicity test, no death was recorded after 2 (two) weeks. Conclusion: The leaf extract of O. gratissimum shows promising potentials in the treatment of infectious diseases associated with Salmonlla typhi and Salmonella paratyphi, due to its antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. However, further studies are needed to non-polar solvents to isolate other bioactive compounds as well as identify the active metabolites responsible for these activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd. and Asparagus Curillus Buch.-Ham. Ex Roxb

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Rose Shrestha ◽  
Astha Shakya ◽  
Krishna Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Different Strains

Asparagus racemosus Willd. is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal and India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Asparagus curillus Buch-Ham.ex Roxb. is also one of the species found in higher altitude of Nepal. Its roots are used as substitute for A. racemosus. Phytochemical investigation was done for these two species of Nepalese Asparagus as per Methodology for Analysis of Vegetable Drugs by I. Ciulei.1982. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarin, flavonoid, catecholic tannin, reducing compound in alcoholic extract of A. racemosus while its aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid, reducing compound, polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin, catecholic tannin, etc. Similarly, alcoholic extract of A. curillus revealed catecholic tannin, reducing compound and aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin as main phytochemical compounds. Comparative antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of these two species has been evaluated using Kirby-Bauer Agar well diffusion method. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity on nine different strains of human pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalies, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Among them A. racemosus has shown selected antimicrobial effects against B. subtilis, E. coli, E. faecalis, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans with zone of inhibition of 25 mm in an average. While A. curillus showed effects on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans only with zone of inhibition about12 mm.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 91-102 

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Ethanolic Seed Extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum (African Star Apple)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 05-09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Oputah ◽  
Kolawole O. Ajanaku ◽  
Raphael C. Mordi ◽  
Joseph A. O. Olugbuyiro ◽  
Shade J. Olorunshola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Seed Extracts ◽  
African Star Apple

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract of the seeds of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) were investigated. The phytochemical result revealed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids and terpenoids. The antibacterial activity was studied using agar well diffusion method at different concentrations against six pathogenic bacterial strains, three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus varians and Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). Significant inhibitory activities were exhibited by the ethanolic seed extracts for all test organisms except Bacillus cereus. Zone of inhibition of the crude ethanolic extract was correlated with that of a standard antibiotic Gentamicin, for antibacterial activity. The results indicated a notable inhibition of the bacterial growth.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ANDROGRAPHIS SERPYLLIFOLIA METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
MADHANKUMAR R ◽  
MURUGESAN S
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: The present study is to evaluate the preliminary study of phytochemical screening and biological applications of Andrographis serpyllifolia methanol leaf extracts. Methods: The methanol leaf extracts of A. serpyllifolia was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus and the extract was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Further, the antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf extract of A. serpyllifolia was tested against various human pathogens by using agar disc diffusion method. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS results revealed phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, and esters in the chloroform extract to be the molecules responsible for the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of A. serpyllifolia methanol extract and fractions showed the presence of various secondary metabolites present. Conclusion: The present study strongly recommended that the methanolic extract of A. serpyllifolia leaves possesses compounds that inhibit the growth of microbes as wells excellent antioxidant activities. The study further suggested the potential therapeutic use of these extract in cancer study.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanolic leaf, stem and flower extract of Aerva lanata

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
S. Nimisha ◽  
K. R. Beula Rani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Functional Group Analysis ◽  
Aerva Lanata ◽  
Current Report

Screening of phytochemicals provides the potentiality for serving several illnesses. The current investigation was carried out the antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of leaf, flower and stem of Aerva lanata commonly known as Sirupeelai through spectroscopic analysis. In this screening the major components are carbohyrates, aminoacids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and cocumarins. The antibacterial activity showed maximum sensitivity in leaf extract of Staphylococcus aureus(16mm). The FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed that the functional groups were alkene, alkyne, amines which showed major peaks. Based on antibacterial activity and functional group analysis, GC-MS was carried out in leaf extract of A. lanata. The current report indicated 27 bioactive compounds, in that Uridine is a major peak which showed antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous activity etc.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Teripang Stichopus hermanii, Semper 1868 (Holothuroidea : Stichopodidae) sebagai Penghasil Senyawa Antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans Clarke, 1924 (Bacilli : Streptococcaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
Rika Monika ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Wilis Ari Setyati
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Activity Test

Teripang Stichopus hermanii merupakan biota laut yang mempunyai senyawa dengan bioaktivitas sebagai antibakteri terhadap patogen. Stichopus hermanii mampu menghambat bakteri gram positif dan negatif. Produk teripang yang sudah ada banyak memperlihatkan manfaatnya salah satunya untuk gigi. Produk komersil yang terlihat di masyarakat yakni pasta gigi, namun belum diketehaui  secara mendetail mengenai seberapa besar peran pasta gigi tersebut dalam mengatasi permasalahn gigi.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui senyawa yang aktif didalam ekstrak teripang Stichopus hermanii. Metode ekstraksi yakni dengan padat ke cair, pencarian senyawa aktif menggunakan skrining fitokimia dengan pereaksi yang berbeda setiap pengujiannya, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda. Uji aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak S. hermanii menggunakan bakteri patogen Streptococcus mutans. Hasil senyawa aktif yang didapat dari skrinining fitokimia meliputi flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid dan saponin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol S. hermanii mampu menghambat bakteri S.mutans. Zona hambat tertinggi pada S. mutans  5,86 mm ± 4,92 dengan konsentrasi 80 µg/disk pada waktu 24 jam. Disimpulkan bahwa senyawa aktif pada ekstrak metanol S. hermanii mempunyai bioaktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri S. mutans.  The sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii is a marine biota that has compounds with bioactivity as an antibacterial against pathogens. Stichopus hermanii can inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Sea cucumber products that already exist have shown many benefits, one of which is for teeth. The commercial product seen in the community is toothpaste, but it is not yet known in detail how big the role of toothpaste is in overcoming dental problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the active compounds in sea cucumber extract Stichopus hermanii. The extraction method is solid to liquid, the search for active compounds uses phytochemical screening with different reagents for each test, and the antibacterial activity test uses the agar diffusion method with different concentrations. Antibacterial activity test on S. hermanii extract using the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The results of the active compounds obtained from phytochemical screening include flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and saponins. The antibacterial activity test showed that the methanol extract of S. hermanii was able to inhibit S. mutans bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition in S. mutans was 5.86 mm ± 4.92 with a concentration of 80 g/disk at 24 hours. It was concluded that the active compound in the methanolic extract of S. hermanii had antibacterial bioactivity on S. mutans bacteria.

scholarly journals The potency of Sansevieria trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves extracts as an antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whika Dewatisari ◽  
Laurentius Hartanto Nugroho ◽  
Endah Retnaningrum ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract. Nugroho LH, Dewatisari WF, Retnaningrum E, Purwestri YA. 2021. The potency of Sansevieria trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves extracts as an antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biodiversitas 22: 408-415. Sansevieria trifasciata and Sansevieria cylindrica are the major herbs in Indonesia, which contain several bioactive compounds as potential sources of antibacterial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of S. trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves extract and fraction against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to identify its bioactive compounds. Crude ethanolic extract of S. trifasciata and S. cylindrica leaves were tested for their antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method against P. aeruginosa. S. trifasciata showed strong antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 18.3 mm compared to S. cylindrica. Different concentrations of extract i.e. 4 mg/mL, 8 mg/mL, 16 mg/mL, 32 mg/mL, 64 mg/mL, 128 mg/mL and 256 mg/mL were tested for their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). The MIC results showed that the S. trifasciata extract was able to inhibit bacterial growth at a concentration of 32 mg/mL. Results of vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed that only fraction 3 showed the highest antibacterial activity at 16 mg/mL. In TLC bioautography analysis, fraction 3 showed a clear zone at Rf 0.93. The phytochemical analysis showed that terpenoid, phenolic, triterpenoid, and flavonoid compounds were found in S. trifasciata extract that were associated with antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical screening of leaf extract of Mikania micrantha H.B.K

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Anita Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract

Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical screening of leaves of Mikania micrantha was tested in laboratory against phytopathogenic fungi and human pathogenic bacteria. The leaves samples were extracted in distilled water and methanol. The crude extracts of leaves were assessed in-vitro for antimicrobial activity using different concentrations (50, 100, 150,200, and 250 mg/ml) against five fungal strains (viz. Sclerotium rolfsii, Phytopthora capsici, Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) and six bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcusfaecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). Antifungal activity was tested by Poison Food Technique and Linear Mycelium growth Reduction (LMGR) percentage was determined. In crude extractof M. micrantha, the highest LMGR percentage was found in F. oxysporum in both distilledwater and methanol extract. Antibacterial activity was carried out by Disc Diffusion method. In the crude leaf extract of M. micrantha Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than Gram positive bacteria. Methanol extract was found more effective in determining the Zone of Inhibition for all the strains of bacteria in all the concentrations. The plant extracts were found more effective in showing antibacterial activity than antifungal activity. The phytochemicalscreening revealed that the selected species contained tannin, saponins, alkaloid, flavonoid, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. This result supports the potential of this plant species used as a new chemotherapeutic drug.

Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Erythrina fusca Lour. Leaf Extract (Fabaceae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Adiez Sapura Azmi ◽  
Mohammad Humayoon Amini ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Syakir Nor Azman ◽  
Fatimah Salim ◽  
Ali Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

Erythrina fusca Lour. (family Fabaceae) is a flowering tree that is locally known as ‘chengkering’. The plant is traditionally used in treatment of some symptoms related to bacterial infections such as wound infections, inflammations, and skin itching. This work reports for the first time in vitro antibacterial screening of the E. fusca Lour. methanolic leaf extract against some common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antibacterial assay was carried out using agar   diffusion method with the extract concentration of 3 mg/well and vancomycin 30 µg/well as the positive control. It was found that the extract exhibits antibacterial effects in range of 10.5 – 14 mm of zone of inhibition (ZOI) against all tested bacteria except for K. pneumoniae. P. aeruginosa showing ZOI of 14 mm was the most sensitive bacterium while P. vulgaris (ZOI of 10.5 mm) was the least sensitive strain to the extract. Based on the preliminary phytochemical screening of using standard qualitative phytochemical tests, this species contains significant amount of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins, which might contribute to the antibacterial activity of the extract. Both antibacterial potential and presence of various phytochemicals in the extract could support the traditional uses of E. fusca  , and the obtained results would serve as a basis for further exploration of antibacterial properties of the plant’s leaves.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola (hackel) and Cola nitida (vent) extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
B.T. Afolabi ◽  
G.C. Agu ◽  
I.B. Onajobi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Test Plants ◽  
Cola Nitida

This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Garcina kola (Orogbo) and Cola nitida (Obi) extracts. Fresh seeds of Cola nitida and Garcinia kola were collected from Ago-Iwoye market, Ogun State. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the test plants were used against selected test organisms, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas euriginosa and Escherichia coli. Disc diffusion method was adopted to test for susceptibility of the selected test bacteria to the extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Bioassay data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The result of the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid, saponins, tannins and phlobatanins. The result of the antibacterial activity showed that the ethanolic extract of the test plants recorded highest antimicrobial activity against test isolates compared to aqueous extracts. The tested plant seeds of both plants posses reasonable antibacterial activity but to varied zones of inhibition, with Staphylococcus aureus isolate having the highest inhibitory zones (21.33) mm while Pseudomonas aeuruginosa had the least inhibitory zone (6.00) mm. The antibacterial activity were however found to be concentration dependent (Fvalue= 3.996, Pvalue= < 0.05). All tested organisms were found to have definite MIC and MBC activities which ranges between 125 and 1000μg/ml for MIC except for Kola nitida that has no definite MBC below 1000μg/ml. The result confirms the potential of antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Cola nitida extracts. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Cola nitida, Garcinia kola, Phytochemical, Plant extracts

scholarly journals Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
S. Zengeni ◽  
J. Chifamba ◽  
I. Mutingwende ◽  
T. Manyarara
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.

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