scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. R. Alhassan ◽  
C. K. S. Saba ◽  
S. W. Kpordze
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
The University

Aim: This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of Salmonella species from smoked fish sold in the three major markets in Tamale Metropolis and examined the isolates resistance patterns to various antibiotics.  Study Design: The study was in two parts which include administering questionnaires and collecting samples. The second part was the laboratory analysis to detect Salmonella species from the collected samples. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Spanish laboratory (microbiology section) of the Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, of the University for Development Studies. Methodology: A total of one hundred samples were examined. The samples were enriched on buffered peptone water and inoculated on Modified Semi-Solid Rappaport Vassiliadis. Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate was used to identify the bacteria, and Simons Citrate agar was used for the biochemical test. The antibiotic test was done by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion                           test. Results: After the laboratory analysis, 67 (67%) out of the 100 samples were confirmed to be positive for Salmonella species of which Cut fish (11.9%), Redfish (11.9%), Mudfish (11.9%), and Chale fish (11.9%) recorded the highest contamination, and among the three markets, Central market had the highest fish contamination. The resistance patterns of the isolates to the various antibiotics used were; Ciprofloxacin (2.98%), Ceftriaxone (34.32%), Ampicillin (83.58%), Doxycycline (88.05%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (91.04%), and Oxytetracycline (92.53%). Conclusion: This study revealed that smoked fish sold in the Tamale Metropolis contained Salmonella positive that can cause food poisoning and other gastrointestinal problems.

scholarly journals LANNEA DISCOLOR: ITS BOTANY, ETHNOMEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The University ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Lannea discolor is an important component of the traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine health-care systems in several countries. This study is aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical and biological activities of L. discolor. Information on its botany, medicinal uses, chemistry and pharmacological properties was undertaken using electronic databases such as Pubmed, SCOPUS, Medline, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, EThOS, ProQuest, OATD and Open-thesis. Pre-electronic literature was sourced from the University Library. The species is used as herbal medicine for 24 human diseases. The major diseases and ailments treated using concoctions prepared from L. discolor include gastrointestinal problems, gonorrhea, infertility in women, convulsions, dizziness, injury, and wounds. Different aqueous and organic extracts of L. discolor exhibited anthelmintic, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, and nematicidal activities. Detailed studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of L. discolor are required to correlate the medicinal uses of the species with its phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.

Extended-spectrum resistance to β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors (ESRI) evolved from low-level resistant Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres ◽  
María Luisa Gil-Marqués ◽  
Rocío Álvarez-Marín ◽  
Rémy A Bonnin ◽  
María Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Objectives Escherichia coli is characterized by three resistance patterns to β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs): (i) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RSS); (ii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (RRS); and (iii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RRR). These resistance patterns are acquired consecutively, indicating a potential risk of developing resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, but the precise mechanism of this process is not completely understood. Methods Clinical isolates incrementally pressured by piperacillin/tazobactam selection in vitro and in vivo were used. We determined the MIC of piperacillin/tazobactam in the presence and absence of piperacillin/tazobactam pressure. We deciphered the role of the blaTEM genes in the new concept of extended-spectrum resistance to BLs/BLIs (ESRI) using genomic analysis. The activity of β-lactamase was quantified in these isolates. Results We show that piperacillin/tazobactam resistance is induced in E. coli carrying blaTEM genes. This resistance is due to the increase in copy numbers and transcription levels of the blaTEM gene, thus increasing β-lactamase activity and consequently increasing piperacillin/tazobactam MICs. Genome sequencing of two blaTEM-carrying representative isolates showed that piperacillin/tazobactam treatment produced two types of duplications of blaTEM (8 and 60 copies, respectively). In the clinical setting, piperacillin/tazobactam treatment of patients infected by E. coli carrying blaTEM is associated with a risk of therapeutic failure. Conclusions This study describes for the first time the ESRI in E. coli. This new concept is very important in the understanding of the mechanism involved in the acquisition of resistance to BLs/BLIs.

scholarly journals Food Poisoning Outbreaks Involving Smoked Fish—Their Epidemiology and Control

1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Kleeman ◽  
Samuel Frant ◽  
Abraham E. Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of non-typhi salmonellae in Turkey

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. YILDIRMAK ◽  
A. YAZGAN ◽  
G. OZCENGIZ
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

A total of 259 clinical isolates of nonrepetitive non-typhi salmonellae (NTS) were examined for antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid content. The antibiotics used were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AM), aztreonam (ATM), carbenicillin (CB), cefixime (CFM), cefotaxime (CTX), cefoxitin (FOX), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftriaxone (CRO), chloramphenicol (C), ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamicin (GM), imipenem (IPM), ofloxacin (OFX), tetracycline (TE), trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole (SXT). Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains comprised 19·3% of the total isolates (50/259) and almost all were S. typhimurium (49/50). Fifteen different patterns of resistance was observed, AM/CB/C/AMC/TE and AM/CB/C/AMC/SXT/GM/CTX/CRO/CAZ/CFM/ATM being the most frequent patterns. Twenty-eight out of 50 multiresistant isolates were found to contain at least one plasmid (mean five) and the size of the plasmids ranged between 1·7 and 158 kb. Plasmid profiles of multi-resistant NTS strains were heterogenous as 21 different profiles were detected in a total of 28 plasmid-bearing isolates. No direct correlation was established between antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profiles.

Urinary Tract Infections in Women

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun S. Chanmugam ◽  
Gino Scalabrini
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) refer to a urine culture yielding a minimum of 100 to 10,000 bacteria units/mm of urine usually from a clean catch midstream sample. This can result from infection of the lower urinary tract involving the bladder (cystitis) or an infection of the upper urinary tract involving the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Uncomplicated UTIs occur in healthy, pre-menopausal, non-pregnant women with a normal urinary tract who have a high likelihood to respond favorably to treatment, but consider local antibiotic resistance patterns. Complicated UTIs occur in women with coexisting pathology, anatomical abnormality, underlying comorbidity, or immunocompromise. Untreated UTIs can progress to pyelonephritis and urosepsis. Asymptomatic bacteriuria for pregnant women can progress very quickly; pyelonephritis carries increased risk of perinatal and neonatal mortality. Pregnant patients should be treated with cephalexin, amoxicillin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (avoiding fluoroquinolones).

Prevalence of Class 1 Integrons in Commensal Escherichia coli from Pigs and Pig Farmers in Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOUWALAK PHONGPAICHIT ◽  
SUMALEE LIAMTHONG ◽  
ALAN G. MATHEW ◽  
USA CHETHANOND
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Escherichia coli isolates (n = 617) from fecal samples of healthy and diarrheal pigs, pig farmers, and nonfarmers were analyzed for class 1 integrons. Three hundred ninety-two isolates (63.5%) were positive for class 1 integrons, based on the presence of intI1, with seventy-one of those isolates (11.5%) harboring all three conserved genes (intI1, qacEΔ1, and sul1) known to be associated with class 1 integrons. The presence of integrons was associated with isolate origin. Integrons were more prevalent in isolates from most pig groups than in isolates from pig farmers and nonfarmers. Selected integron-positive and integron-negative isolates were tested for resistance to 16 antimicrobials. All integron-positive swine isolates were multidrug resistant to at least three antimicrobial agents, demonstrating resistance to 14 different antibiotics that included sulphamethoxazole (100%), tetracycline (97.1%), ampicillin (92.8%), streptomycin (89.9%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (88.1%), nalidixic acid (60.9%), chloramphenicol (58.0%), kanamycin (55.1%), cephalothin (44.9%), gentamicin (39.1%), ciprofloxacin (33.3%), cefoxitin (8.7%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (5.8%), and amikacin (2.9%). All isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone. Forty-seven resistance patterns were observed among 69 integron-positive swine and swine farmer isolates. The most frequent pattern was tetracycline–ciprofloxacin–gentamicin–nalidixic acid–sulphamethoxazole–trimetho-prim-sulphamethoxazole–kanamycin–ampicillin–streptomycin (10.1%), which was found in diarrheal and healthy pigs. This study shows that integrons and multidrug-resistant commensal bacteria are common and appear to be a significant aspect of microbial communities associated with pigs and humans in southern Thailand.

Relationship of Frequent Hoteling with Gastrointestinal Disturbances Among Students of the University of Lahore

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
OJS Admin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The University ◽  
Relationship Of

a contaminated unhealthy food leads to different gastrointestinal disorders like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal pain, food poisoning and other food borne illnesses. frequent hoteling in estaurants and eating street food are major causes of gastrointestinal disorders among people. infectious organisms include bacteria, viruses and parasites or their toxins.

Fügen von Aluminium- und Kohlenstofffaserstrukturen*/Joining of aluminium and carbon fibre structures - An innovative joining technology based on semi-solid forming strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-747
Author(s):  
M. Prof. Liewald ◽  
L. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Joining Technology ◽  
Aluminium Sheets ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Das Institut für Umformtechnik (IFU) an der Universität Stuttgart befasst sich derzeit mit der Entwicklung eines neuartigen Verfahrens zum formschlüssigen Fügen von Aluminium- und Carbonstrukturen. Zwei Aluminiumbleche werden dabei lokal auf ein Temperaturniveau knapp oberhalb ihrer Solidustemperatur erwärmt, sodass ein dazwischenliegendes Carbongewebe durch die dann teilflüssige Aluminiummatrix infiltriert werden kann. Dieser Fachartikel befasst sich mit dem Einfluss wichtiger Prozessparameter.   The Institute for Metal Forming Technology (IFU) of the University of Stuttgart aims at the development of a novel joining method for combining aluminium and carbon fibre structures. Two aluminium sheets with carbon fabric in between are conductively heated by two electrodes up to semi-solid state, so the woven carbon fabric is infiltrated with aluminium. This paper focuses on the impact of different process and sample parameters on the quality of the joint.

Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Salmonella sp. isolated from African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
P.T. Fowoyo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is an important fresh water fish consumed by a large percentage of the populace globally and it may be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella sp. In this study, a total of fifteen (15) samples of African catfish were collected from different markets in Lokoja, Nigeria. The Salmonella sp. were isolated from the catfish samples by pre-enrichment in peptone water and subsequent inoculation on selective medium namely brilliant-green agar (BGA), bismuth sulphite agar (BSA) and Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA). The Salmonella isolates were tested for susceptibility to 10 different commercially available antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total of thirty-four Salmonella species was isolated. The percentage occurrence of Salmonella sp. in the catfishes examined was very high (80%). The incidence of Salmonella sp. in the intestine (86.7%) of the catfish was higher than for the gills (66.7%) and the skin (73.3%). Majority of the isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin, Sulfomethoxazole-trimethoprim, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and Streptomycin. This study therefore demonstrated the occurrence of Salmonella species in African catfish with some exhibiting antibiotic resistance. Thus, there is a potential risk of transmission of drug resistant Salmonella species to man when contaminated catfish is consumed. The use of antibiotics in fish farming should be regulated so as to decrease antibiotic residues in fish.

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