scholarly journals A Five-year Review of Puerperal Sepsis and Its Complications at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
P. C. Oriji ◽  
D. O. Allagoa ◽  
C. Ikoro ◽  
O. I. Oguche ◽  
V. K. Oriji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Puerperal Sepsis ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality

Background: Puerperal sepsis is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries, Nigeria inclusive. It complicates 1% – 8% of all deliveries, and is responsible for 15% of maternal deaths. Objective: To determine the incidence of puerperal sepsis, and its associated complications at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, over a five-year period. Materials and Methods: This retrospective survey was carried out between 1st January, 2016, and 31st December, 2020. Data were retrieved, entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: A total of 66 women were managed for puerperal sepsis out of 4,571 obstetric patients seen in the five-year period under review. Most women were unbooked (81.8%), and were delivered at home/unorthodox faith-based delivery units by traditional birth attendants (75.8%). Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp were cultured in 54.8%, 12.9% and 12.9% of cases, respectively. There was no maternal mortality. Conclusion: Puerperal sepsis remains an important public health problem in developing countries. While encouraging antenatal care and supervised hospital delivery is important for its primary prevention, early diagnosis, prompt and effective antibiotic and supportive therapy will prevent its complications.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of DiarrheagenicEscherichia coli Isolated from Children under the Age of 5 Years from Ifakara, Tanzania

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3022-3024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Vila ◽  
Martha Vargas ◽  
Climent Casals ◽  
Honorato Urassa ◽  
Hassan Mshinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance ◽  
Children Under 5

ABSTRACT Diarrhea caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is an important public health problem among children in developing countries. The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of diarrheagenicEscherichia coli in 346 children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania, were studied. Thirty-eight percent of the cases of diarrhea were due to multiresistant enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, or enteropathogenicE. coli. Strains of all three E. colicategories showed high-level resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, and chloramphenicol but were highly susceptible to quinolones. Guidelines for appropriate use of antibiotics in developing countries need updating.

scholarly journals A study of obstetric acute renal injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2677
Author(s):  
Aditi Chitale ◽  
Kunaal K. Shinde ◽  
Hemant Damle
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Obstetric Hemorrhage ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Puerperal Sepsis ◽  
Renal Function Recovery ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality

Background: Acute renal or kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden decline in glomerular filtration rate leading to decreased excretion of nitrogenous waste products. It continues to be a common problem in developing countries. The aim of this study was to understand AKI characteristics in pregnancy and identify the factors related to its unfavorable outcome.Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January 2014 to December 2017. Out of 1057 patients delivered in our institute during this period, out of which 26 patients with Obstetric AKI were included in this study.Results: Incidence of obstetric AKI was 2.64 %. Their age varied from 19 to 34 years, with an average of 26.2 years. About 21(80.8%) patients had not received antenatal care. The main causes of AKI were obstetric hemorrhage (38.46%) and puerperal sepsis (15.38%). The outcome was favorable with complete renal function recovery in 55.76% patients. Two (7.69 %) patients became dialysis dependent. Maternal mortality was one (3.84%).Conclusions: Obstetric AKI is a critical situation in developing countries. Lack of antenatal care (80.8%) is a major contributing factor for obstetric-related complications leading to renal failure. Obstetric hemorrhage (38.46 %) is the most common cause of obstetric AKI. Late referral in 9 (34.61%), puerperal sepsis in three (33.33%), obstetric hemorrhage in three (33.33%) and combined sepsis and hemorrhage in two (27.77%) are the common contributing factors leading to its unfavorable outcomes as maternal morbidity and mortality. Hence, a multidisciplinary approach is warranted to prevent such an avoidable complication.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Domestic Violence in Northeast India: Evidence From the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4)

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110051
Author(s):  
Sharatchandra Haobijam ◽  
Kshetrimayum Anand Singh
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Northeastern India

Violence against women is now widely recognized as an important public health problem, owing to its health consequences. Domestic violence generally refers to violence against women that generally takes place in the matrimonial home, which includes physical, emotional, sexual as well as economical violence occurring in the adult relationship. Domestic violence has negative impact on the demographic outcome of a country or region, which includes the health and health seeking behavior of women. The present study is an attempt to investigate the socioeconomic factors that would significantly influence domestic violence in the northeastern region of India. The northeastern region of India comprises of eight states, including Manipur and Sikkim, which are reported having the highest and the least prevalence of domestic violence in the whole country according to NFHS-4. Considering these reports and having a different socioeconomic setup as compared to other states in the mainland India, we selected the region for the current study. Data from NFHS-4 conducted during 2015–16 is being employed for the present study. Findings show that education of women, wealth, women’s working status, religion, parity of women, and husband’s alcohol use are some of the significant covariates that might have influenced domestic violence. The overall prevalence of physical, emotional, sexual, and severe physical violence among women of northeastern India are 24.7%, 11.8%, 6.4%, and 5.3%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis computes the relative risks of categorical variables via the odds ratios. Those women who got higher education and are in upper wealth quintiles have less risk of experiencing domestic violence as compared to women in lower education and lower wealth quintile in northeastern India. There is no rural urban difference in experiencing domestic violence in the region.

Intestinal Myiasis Due to Musca domestica: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Ripon Barua ◽  
Naser Ibn Sattar ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Puerperal Sepsis ◽  
Liquid Body ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality

Puerperal sepsis is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study was Myiasis is the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae, which at least for a period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body substances, or ingested food. Intestinal myiasis is usually an accidental phenomenon, which occurs due to the ingestion of eggs or larvae present in food. Usually the patient is asymptomatic and the larvae are excreted harmlessly in the faeces. In some case it may be associated with symptoms. The present paper describes such a case.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10832 

scholarly journals Caesarean Section in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South, Nigeria: A 3-year Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Dennis O. Allagoa ◽  
Peter C. Oriji ◽  
Ebiye S. Tekenah ◽  
Lukman Obagah ◽  
Onyekachi S. Ohaeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Foetal Membranes

Background: Caesarean section is the delivery of the foetus, placenta, and foetal membranes through an incision on the abdominal and uterine walls after the age of foetal viability. It is a life-saving surgical procedure, which has helped reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality over the years. Objective: To determine the rates, indications, outcomes, and complications of Caesarean section at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2020. It was a retrospective study. Data was retrieved from the labour ward records, delivery register, theatre records, and patients’ folders during the period under review, and entered into a pre-designed proforma. Data were analysed with IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: About 959 women had Caesarean section (CS) out of 2,263 deliveries, giving a Caesarean section rate of 42.4%. The commonest indication for emergency Caesarean section was cephalopelvic disproportion (36.0%), while that for elective Caesarean section was repeat Caesarean section (19.6%). Conclusion: The Caesarean section rate in our Centre is extremely high, almost three times the acceptable upper limit set by the WHO. Encouraging vaginal birth after Caesarean section as a means to reduce this high rate is recommended as it was noted that previous Caesarean section was a leading indication for surgeries.

scholarly journals Identify Contributing Factors of Myocardial Infarction among Cardiac Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 662-667
Author(s):  
Rupal Patel ◽  
Nirali Soni ◽  
Rathod Aayushi ◽  
Rathod Kinjal ◽  
Rathva Jaypal
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The Developed Countries

Background: Cardiovascular disease is becoming a major burden in developing countries, It is considered as important public health problem not only in the developed countries but also in developing countries like India. It has emerged as a major health burden worldwide. It contributed to 15.3 million deaths in 1996 of which 5.5 million was from developed countries and 9077 million from developing countries. A rise in the prevalence decline in the latter half have been well documented in the industrialized countries. However, the scenario is reversed in developing countries especially India with a steady escalation in prevalence of Cardio Vascular disease Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess contributing factors   among Myocardial Infarction,to find out the association between contributing factors of myocardial infarction with their demographic variable and to identify contributing factors of myocardial infarction.  Methods and Mateials: A descriptive study was carried out on 100 myocardial infarction patients who were admitted to the Intensive coronary care unit of selected cardiology ward in selected hospital, Vadodara. Patients were selected by Non- Probability convenient Sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed though SPSS software. Results: The majority contributing level of Myocardial infarction 42(42%) were mild, 32(32%) of the patients were moderate, 26(26%) of the patients were severe. There was no significant association was found between contributing factors of myocardial infarction with their demographic variables. Conclusion: Result revealed that most of the patients (42%) were having mild contributing factors and were having moderate contributing factors (32%) and least percentage (26%) were having severe contributing factors among myocardial infarction patients.

Introductory Lecture The Epidemiology and Determinants of Obesity in Developed and Developing Countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shetty ◽  
Schmidhuber
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Important Public Health Problem

Obesity is recognized as a serious problem in the industrialized and developed countries of the world. However, little attention is paid to the fact that obesity is becoming an increasing problem in developing countries too, with some countries showing increasing rates of obesity in the midst of the persisting occurrence of childhood malnutrition and stunting. As developing countries embrace the dominant western economic ways of development, industrialization and urbanization they contribute to improvements in living standards, with consequent dramatic changes in diets and lifestyles leading to weight gain and obesity which in turn poses a growing threat to the health. Overweight and obesity is associated with an increased likelihood of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyper-lipidaemia, and cardiovascular disease. It is also associated with increased rates of breast, colo-rectal and uterine cancer. Obesity is thus an important factor in the increasing morbidity and mortality due to chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and thereby contributes to premature mortality in the population. Thus, while the problem of undernutrition persists in much of the developing world, overweight and obesity and its related co-morbidities are posing an increasingly important public health problem both in the developed and developing world.

Association Between ACL Injury and Restricted Hip Range of Motion Among Athletes: A Case Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Escudeiro ◽  
Aires Duarte Junior ◽  
Luiz Gabriel Betoni Guglielmetti ◽  
Marcos Vaz de Lima ◽  
Pedro Baches Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Knee Ligament ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion

Abstract Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most common knee ligament injury worldwide, and it is considered as a public health problem because of its high incidence and both short- and long-term consequences. Recently, the scientific literature has shown a trend in the study of post-injury treatments and the possible risk factors associated with the causes of these injuries to facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of this injury and assist in the elaboration of preventive measures, especially for athletes or practitioners of physical activities. This study compared the hip range of motion (ROM) measurements of athletes depending on the presence of ipsilateral ACL injury. Methods: Athletes diagnosed with previous ACL injury were selected for the case group, and those with other injuries were selected for the control group. Data regarding participants’ histories, ages, genders, and the sports practiced were collected. All participants underwent hip ROM measurements using a goniometer. Hip radiographs were taken to measure the Alpha (α) and Wiberg (w) angles. For the statistical analysis, the means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables, and frequencies (percentages) were calculated for dichotomous variables. A p-value less than 5% was defined as significant. Student's t-tests were used for continuous variables, and chi-square tests was used for categorical variables.Results: A total of 77 participants were included: 47 athletes with ACL injuries and 30 with other musculoskeletal injuries. The mean age was 24.7 years, and 46.7% were female. No between-group differences were found with regard to the baseline characteristics. Most of the athletes played futsal (50.6%) followed by soccer (29.8%). The cases presented with significant reductions in hip internal rotation (IR; 24.1° versus 32.50°, p < 0.0005) and the internal rotation associated with external rotation (IR + ER; 69.9° versus 78.5°, p = 0.005) ROMs as well as a significant increase in the w radiographic angle (38.7° versus 32.4°, p < 0.0005).Conclusion: ROM measurements of hip IR, IR + ER, IR values less than 30°, and the w radiographic angle might be associated with previous ipsilateral ACL injuries among athletes.Trial registration: Registered at Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) as RBR-6g87mn on 04 August 2020 (retrospectively registered). http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6g87mn/

scholarly journals Management of Hemodialysis Unit for Care Receivers in a Specialized Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Arifa Sultana ◽  
ANM Shamsul Islam ◽  
China Rani Mittra ◽  
Salma Khatun ◽  
Ashees Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Infection Control Measure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit

Background: Chronic Kidney disease is becoming a global public health problem throughout the world. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the management status of hemodialysis unit for care receivers in a specialized hospital. Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were selected by purposive sampling method on the basis of defined selection criteria from January 2015 to December 2016. The place of study was National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU) hospital, Dhaka. The research instruments were a semi structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Data were collected from respondents by face to face interview and an observational Checklist was also used to collect information regarding administrative facility, physical facility and utility services. Result: The findings of the study were presented by frequency, percentage in tables. Means and standard deviations for continuous variables and frequency distributions for categorical variables were used to describe the characteristics of the total sample. Among the service receiver, mean age was 46.65±13.53 years of which 69.9 %( n=58) were male and their average monthly income Tk. 20670±14811. Formalin and hydrogen per oxide were used to wash dialyzer. In the support services unit, equipment and stationery were supplied always. Ratio of health care receiver and provider in the unit was Patient-doctor ratio 1:15 and Patient-nurse ratio 1:6. From the respondents 38 (45.8%) said that, doctor/ nurse visit them thrice per cycle. In majority of respondents, were satisfied regarding the unit including doctors and nurses activities, physical facilities, and cleanliness of the unit, except the cleanliness of toilet. Conclusion: Increasing number of functioning dialysis machine, skilled manpower, medicine supply and strict infection control measure could be helpful to improve the management status of the hemodialysis unit of NIKDU. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):84-89

scholarly journals Comparison of LJ Medium and BACTEC MGIT 960 Culture System for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinki Kumari ◽  
Jiwesh Kumar Thakur ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Deval Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Smear Negative

Introduction: Sputum negative pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. So, the emergence of new techniques for a more precise and rapid microbiological identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples is of great importance to improve the management of TB. Aim: To determine and compare the sensitivity and turnaround time for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection by the BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) 960 system, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. Materials and Methods: An Institution based, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, from July 2013-March 2016. Sputum, pericardial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pus and endometrial tissue samples were collected from 80 patients of suspected TB cases. All were Acid-Fast stained by ZN staining method and cultured on solid culture LJ medium and on liquid medium (MGIT). Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Fisher’s-Exact test was used to show association of categorical variables. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to show median difference of non-normally distributed continuous variables of two groups. Results: Out of the 80 samples, 41 cases were positive by either of the all methods. The positive specimen for ZN staining, LJ media and MGIT were 21, 29 and 41 cases respectively. The mean Time To Detection (TTD) was shorter for MGIT system than LJ media. Both LJ medium and MGIT 960 detected all cases of sputum smear positive cases and in addition significantly higher number than ZN stain in sputum smear negative cases. MGIT 960 detected significantly higher number of cases of sputum negative cases than LJ Media. The mean TTD was also significantly shorter in case of smear positive cases than the smear negative cases by both the solid and liquid culture mediums. Conclusion: The use of liquid media (MGIT) is more accurate and rapid method for the diagnosis of TB. The combination of more than one method is also highly recommended for rapid detection and early treatment of TB.

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