scholarly journals Neurometry Applied to Three Points Used for Positive Impulse in Auriculotherapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lirane Carneiro Suliano ◽  
Regeane de Pol Kaniak ◽  
Sandra Silvério- Lopes ◽  
Maria Lúcia S. G. Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Anxiety Control ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain

The auricular acupuncture is the therapeutic applied in the microsystem of outer ear. In this area, the local innervations stimulate the brain regions resulting in diagnostic and treatment system. There are three auricular acupuncture points used together as positive impulse to the therapy: Shen men (SHM), Kidney (K), Autonomic Nervous System (sympathetic) (ANS). Neurometry is the neuroscience tool that uses computing to observe, through images, the brain's response to external stimuli. Our aim is to identify the brain answers to the three auricular acupuncture points used together, SHM, K, ANS through the neurometry. It was observed three volunteers during four different moments: in the beginning, before the procedure; 15 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after the needles application. Central nervous system effects, physical health patterns, emotional exhaustion, anxiety control, blood flow, respiratory and cardio functional changes were recorded. We conclude that the chosen points positively interfere in the control of anxiety, in the cardio-functional system, in the sympathetic nervous system and in parasympathetic functional oxygenation and that neurometry is qualified for further studies on the subject.

scholarly journals Structural and functional changes in the central nervous system in the course of anorexia nervosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Michał Hys ◽  
Nikodem Skoczeń ◽  
Ewelina Soroka ◽  
Marcin Olajossy
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNew achievements within structural and functional imaging of central nervous system offer a basis for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying many mental disorders. In everyday clinical practice, we encounter many difficulties in the therapy of eating disorders. They are caused by a complex psychopathological picture, varied grounds of the problems experienced by patients, often poor motivation for active participation in the treatment process, difficulties in communication between patients and therapeutic staff, and various biological conditions of eating disorders. In this paper, the latest reports on new concepts and methods of diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa have been analyzed. The selection of the analyzed publications was based on the criteria taking into account the time of publication, the size of research cohorts, as well as the experience of research teams in the field of nutritional disorders, confirmed by the number of works and their citations. The work aims to spread current information on anorexia nervosa neurobiology that would allow for determining the brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake, and consequently that may be a potential place where neurobiochemical processes responsible for eating disorders occur. In addition, using modern methods of structural imaging, the authors want to show some of the morphometric variations, particularly within white matter, occurring in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, as well as those evaluated with magnetoencephalography of processes associated with the neuronal processing of information related to food intake. For example as regards anorexia nervosa, it was possible to localize the areas associated with eating disorders and broaden our knowledge about the changes in these areas that cause and accompany the illness. The described in this paper research studies using diffusion MRI fiber tractography showed the presence of changes in the white matter pathways of the brain, especially in the corpus callosum, which indicate a reduced content of myelin. These changes probably reflect malnutrition, and directly represent the effect of lipid deficiency. This leads to a weakening of the structure, and even cell death. In addition, there are more and more reports that show the normal volume of brain cells in patients with long-term remission of anorexia. It was also shown that in patients in remission stage there are functional changes within the amygdala in response to a task not related symptomatologically with anorexia nervosa. The appearing in the scientific literature data stating that in patients with anorexia nervosa there is a reduced density of GFAP + cells of the hippocampus and increased expression of vimentin and nestin, is also worth noting.

Symptoms, Related Brain Regions, and Diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Ahlskog
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

As a prelude to the treatment chapters that follow, we need to define and describe the types of problems and symptoms encountered in DLB and PDD. The clinical picture can be quite varied: problems encountered by one person may be quite different from those encountered by another person, and symptoms that are problematic in one individual may be minimal in another. In these disorders, the Lewy neurodegenerative process potentially affects certain nervous system regions but spares others. Affected areas include thinking and memory circuits, as well as movement (motor) function and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates primary functions such as bladder, bowel, and blood pressure control. Many other brain regions, by contrast, are spared or minimally involved, such as vision and sensation. The brain and spinal cord constitute the central nervous system. The interface between the brain and spinal cord is by way of the brain stem, as shown in Figure 4.1. Thought, memory, and reasoning are primarily organized in the thick layers of cortex overlying lower brain levels. Volitional movements, such as writing, throwing, or kicking, also emanate from the cortex and integrate with circuits just below, including those in the basal ganglia, shown in Figure 4.2. The basal ganglia includes the striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra, as illustrated in Figure 4.2. Movement information is integrated and modulated in these basal ganglia nuclei and then transmitted down the brain stem to the spinal cord. At spinal cord levels the correct sequence of muscle activation that has been programmed is accomplished. Activated nerves from appropriate regions of the spinal cord relay the signals to the proper muscles. Sensory information from the periphery (limbs) travels in the opposite direction. How are these signals transmitted? Brain cells called neurons have long, wire-like extensions that interface with other neurons, effectively making up circuits that are slightly similar to computer circuits; this is illustrated in Figure 4.3. At the end of these wire-like extensions are tiny enlargements (terminals) that contain specific biological chemicals called neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are released when the electrical signal travels down that neuron to the end of that wire-like process.

scholarly journals Identification of brain regions associated with working memory deficit in schizophrenia

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranath Chatterjee ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Sahil Sharma ◽  
Divyanshi Dhingra ◽  
Bharti Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Brain

Background: Schizophrenia, a severe psychological disorder, shows symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. In addition, patients with schizophrenia often exhibit a deficit in working memory which adversely impacts the attentiveness and the behavioral characteristics of a person. Although several clinical efforts have already been made to study working memory deficit in schizophrenia, in this paper, we investigate the applicability of a machine learning approach for identification of the brain regions that get affected by schizophrenia leading to the dysfunction of the working memory. Methods: We propose a novel scheme for identification of the affected brain regions from functional magnetic resonance imaging data by deploying group independent component analysis in conjunction with feature extraction based on statistical measures, followed by sequential forward feature selection. The features that show highest accuracy during the classification between healthy and schizophrenia subjects are selected. Results: This study reveals several brain regions like cerebellum, inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, insula, and amygdala that have been reported in the existing literature, thus validating the proposed approach. We are also able to identify some functional changes in the brain regions, such as Heschl gyrus and the vermian area, which have not been reported in the literature involving working memory studies amongst schizophrenia patients. Conclusions: As our study confirms the results obtained in earlier studies, in addition to pointing out some brain regions not reported in earlier studies, the findings are likely to serve as a cue for clinical investigation, leading to better medical intervention.

The Brain in a Physician’s Life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Altered State ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Clinical Impairment ◽  
Altered State Of Consciousness ◽  
Individual Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

With the knowledge acquired from this book, the brain regions responsible for each of the symptoms suffered by Jean-Dominique Bauby can be identified. It is also possible to understand why thought, language, and memory were unaffected in Bauby. Bauby’s narrative is used to launch a consideration of the role of embodiment in affective experience. The experience of Clive Wearing who, after a bout of encephalitis, was left without the ability to make new declarative memories is introduced to illustrate the highly personal and individual nature of people’s reactions to disease or clinical impairment. The impact of disease does not stop with the patient but extends to the patient’s loved ones and caregivers. This is particularly true of patients with dementia or those in an altered state of consciousness. Finally the reader is encouraged to use their understanding of the nervous system to provide compassionate care for patients.

Neurophysiological status of adolescents, electronic passports and the development of health-saving technologies in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Dzhunusova ◽  
N.U. Sataeva ◽  
S.B. Ibraimov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Key Words Hypoxia ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Functional State Of Health

The studies were carried out on adolescents-mountaineers living in high-mountainous areas (2800 m above sea level, in Naryn, Osh, Issyk-Kul regions, 260 people). The markers of the functional activity of the brain were revealed, which characterize maladjustment functional changes on the EEG. Information databases of EEG parameters of adolescents living at an altitude of 2800 m have been created with the identification of the peculiarities of regional EEG standards, "electronic passports of the functional state of health" of adolescents were developed. The systemic and intersystemic restructuring of the body was identified, allowing to distinguish groups of persons with an unstable functional state, exposed to stressful environmental influences. Key words: hypoxia, adolescents, central nervous system, EEG.

scholarly journals Auricular Acupuncture May Suppress Epileptic Seizures via Activating the Parasympathetic Nervous System: A Hypothesis Based on Innovative Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Pei-Jing Rong ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Hui Ben ◽  
Bing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
System A ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
The Brain

Auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body's dysfunction. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that auricular acupuncture has a significant effect on inducing parasympathetic tone. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder consisting of recurrent seizures resulting from excessive, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain. Autonomic imbalance demonstrating an increased sympathetic activity and a reduced parasympathetic activation is involved in the development and progress of epileptic seizures. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system such as vagus nerve stimulation has been used for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Here, we propose that auricular acupuncture may suppress epileptic seizures via activating the parasympathetic nervous system.

Epilepsy, Electroacupuncture and the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ozgur Cakmak
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Vagal nerve stimulation and electroacupuncture have some promise as neuroprotective therapies for patients with poorly controlled epilepsy. It has been demonstrated that stimulation of acupuncture points on the extremities results in stimulation of the vagus nerve. It is possible that the antiepileptic effects of these two applications might be targeting the same centre in the brain. The nucleus of the solitary tract, which is a primary site at which vagal afferents terminate, is also the site for afferent pathways of facial, scalp and auricular acupuncture via trigeminal, cervical spinal and glossopharyngeal nerves. Taken together with laboratory findings, the neuroprotective pathways of electroacupuncture in epileptic models may stem from the collaboration of its anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic actions through the nucleus of the solitary tract via vagus nerve stimulation.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging Studies of Acupuncture on Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wen ◽  
Peihong Ma ◽  
Xiaohui Dong ◽  
Ruirui Sun ◽  
Lei Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Brain

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to investigate the study design and main outcomes of acupuncture neuroimaging studies on low back pain (LBP).Methods: Neuroimaging studies of acupuncture on LBP were collected from three English databases such as PubMed and four Chinese databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to December 31, 2020. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of risk of bias were performed independently by two investigators. The quality of studies was appraised with the Cochrane's risk of bias tools. Information on basic information, methodology, and brain imaging data were extracted.Results: The literature search returned 310 potentially eligible studies and 19 articles met inclusion criteria; 78.9% of studies chose manual acupuncture as the intervention, 89.5% of studies evaluated functional changes elicited by acupuncture, and 68.4% of studies used resting-state fMRI as imaging condition. The most frequently reported acupuncture-induced brain alterations of LBP patients were in the prefrontal cortex, insula, cerebellum, primary somatosensory cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. There was a significant correlation between improved clinical outcomes and changes in the brain.Conclusions: The results suggested that improving abnormal structure and functional activities in the brain of the LBP patient is an important mechanism of acupuncture treatment for LBP. The brain regions involved in acupuncture analgesia for LBP were mainly located in the pain matrix, default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and descending pain modulatory system (DPMS). However, it was difficult to draw a generalized conclusion due to the heterogeneity of study designs. Further well-designed multimodal neuroimaging studies investigating the mechanism of acupuncture on LBP are warranted.

scholarly journals Mutual correlation of excited potentials of the brainwith the level of special physical training of football-players

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
L. V. Kapilevich ◽  
Ye. V. Zamoulina
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
First Year ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Decreased amplitude and increased latency of visual and cognitive excited potentials were revealed in football-players in the stage of prima ry special sports training in the first year of their training process. In the second training year, this amplitude is increased and latency is decreased. Forming special physical preparing of the football-players in the stage of primary sports specialization is mutually correlated with functional changes in the central nervous system which manifested in decreased latent period and increased amplitude of excited potentials of the brain.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF NEUROPLASTICITY IN THE MECHANISMS OF REFLEXOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
G. M. Karimova ◽  
L. G. Mindubaeva ◽  
A. R. Abashev ◽  
A. Sh. Bilalova ◽  
A. A. Zinnatullina
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Reflex Mechanism ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sensorimotor Interaction ◽  
Different Levels

Reflexotherapy (acupuncture) is one of the most important and valuable part of mankind’s heritage. Reflexotherapy has a long history and was formed as a practical healing method. Reflexotherapy methods include: acupuncture (Chen); Chiu-method (cauterization or warming of acupuncture points by means of wormwood or coal cigars); multi-needle stimuli by a special hammer; vacuum effect on acupuncture points; acupressure; tsubo-therapy; and hirudotherapy. Modern modifications of reflexotherapy are applied: electroacupuncture, electropuncture, laser reflexotherapy, craniopuncture, magnetopuncture, cryotherapy, color and light therapy, and others. There are many theories about the mechanism of action of this method. The focus of the Kazan school is on the role of sensory interaction at different levels of the nervous system in the implementation of the relexotherapy effects. The reflex mechanism for the development of therapeutic effect is considered in this connection as part of a universal method of information processing — sensorimotor interaction. The therapeutic effects of reflexotherapy are realized through the formation of a local and background sensory flow, and their interaction at different levels of the nervous system. Afferent flow is processed at the peripheral, spinal-segmental, stem, subcortical levels, as well as at the level of the cortex. The realization of the positive effects of reflexotherapy occurs, including due to the phenomenon of neuroplasticity, which is implemented at the peripheral and central levels. Reflexotherapy methods can activate the phenomenon of brain neuroplasticity, leading to structural and functional changes that require further research in this direction.

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