THE PHENOMENON OF NEUROPLASTICITY IN THE MECHANISMS OF REFLEXOTHERAPY

Reflexotherapy (acupuncture) is one of the most important and valuable part of mankind’s heritage. Reflexotherapy has a long history and was formed as a practical healing method. Reflexotherapy methods include: acupuncture (Chen); Chiu-method (cauterization or warming of acupuncture points by means of wormwood or coal cigars); multi-needle stimuli by a special hammer; vacuum effect on acupuncture points; acupressure; tsubo-therapy; and hirudotherapy. Modern modifications of reflexotherapy are applied: electroacupuncture, electropuncture, laser reflexotherapy, craniopuncture, magnetopuncture, cryotherapy, color and light therapy, and others. There are many theories about the mechanism of action of this method. The focus of the Kazan school is on the role of sensory interaction at different levels of the nervous system in the implementation of the relexotherapy effects. The reflex mechanism for the development of therapeutic effect is considered in this connection as part of a universal method of information processing — sensorimotor interaction. The therapeutic effects of reflexotherapy are realized through the formation of a local and background sensory flow, and their interaction at different levels of the nervous system. Afferent flow is processed at the peripheral, spinal-segmental, stem, subcortical levels, as well as at the level of the cortex. The realization of the positive effects of reflexotherapy occurs, including due to the phenomenon of neuroplasticity, which is implemented at the peripheral and central levels. Reflexotherapy methods can activate the phenomenon of brain neuroplasticity, leading to structural and functional changes that require further research in this direction.

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Neurometry Applied to Three Points Used for Positive Impulse in Auriculotherapy

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2020/v11i130174 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Lirane Carneiro Suliano ◽

Regeane de Pol Kaniak ◽

Sandra Silvério- Lopes ◽

Maria Lúcia S. G. Jorge

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Functional System ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Auricular Acupuncture ◽

Acupuncture Points ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Anxiety Control ◽

In The Beginning ◽

External Stimuli ◽

The Brain

The auricular acupuncture is the therapeutic applied in the microsystem of outer ear. In this area, the local innervations stimulate the brain regions resulting in diagnostic and treatment system. There are three auricular acupuncture points used together as positive impulse to the therapy: Shen men (SHM), Kidney (K), Autonomic Nervous System (sympathetic) (ANS). Neurometry is the neuroscience tool that uses computing to observe, through images, the brain's response to external stimuli. Our aim is to identify the brain answers to the three auricular acupuncture points used together, SHM, K, ANS through the neurometry. It was observed three volunteers during four different moments: in the beginning, before the procedure; 15 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after the needles application. Central nervous system effects, physical health patterns, emotional exhaustion, anxiety control, blood flow, respiratory and cardio functional changes were recorded. We conclude that the chosen points positively interfere in the control of anxiety, in the cardio-functional system, in the sympathetic nervous system and in parasympathetic functional oxygenation and that neurometry is qualified for further studies on the subject.

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Negative and positive effects of an IAP-LTR on nearby Pcdaα gene expression in the central nervous system and neuroblastoma cell lines

Gene ◽

10.1016/j.gene.2004.04.011 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 337 ◽

pp. 91-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hidehiko Sugino ◽

Tomoko Toyama ◽

Yusuke Taguchi ◽

Shigeyuki Esumi ◽

Mitsuhiro Miyazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Neuroblastoma Cell ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Neuroblastoma Cell Lines

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Mutual Impact between Clock Gating and High Level Synthesis in Reconfigurable Hardware Accelerators

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10010073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Francesco Ratto ◽

Tiziana Fanni ◽

Luigi Raffo ◽

Carlo Sau

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

Systems Design ◽

Hardware Acceleration ◽

High Level Synthesis ◽

Clock Gating ◽

Technology Application ◽

Positive Effects ◽

High Level ◽

Different Levels

With the diffusion of cyber-physical systems and internet of things, adaptivity and low power consumption became of primary importance in digital systems design. Reconfigurable heterogeneous platforms seem to be one of the most suitable choices to cope with such challenging context. However, their development and power optimization are not trivial, especially considering hardware acceleration components. On the one hand high level synthesis could simplify the design of such kind of systems, but on the other hand it can limit the positive effects of the adopted power saving techniques. In this work, the mutual impact of different high level synthesis tools and the application of the well known clock gating strategy in the development of reconfigurable accelerators is studied. The aim is to optimize a clock gating application according to the chosen high level synthesis engine and target technology (Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)). Different levels of application of clock gating are evaluated, including a novel multi level solution. Besides assessing the benefits and drawbacks of the clock gating application at different levels, hints for future design automation of low power reconfigurable accelerators through high level synthesis are also derived.

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Dopamine Transporter Genetic Reduction Induces Morpho-Functional Changes in the Enteric Nervous System

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9050465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Silvia Cerantola ◽

Valentina Caputi ◽

Gabriella Contarini ◽

Maddalena Mereu ◽

Antonella Bertazzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Enteric Nervous System ◽

Dopamine Transporter ◽

Myenteric Plexus ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

D1 Receptor ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Neurochemical Coding ◽

The Impact

Antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics are indeed commonly used to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders, although the precise role of dopaminergic transmission in the gut is still unclear. Since dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in several brain disorders by modulating extracellular dopamine in the central nervous system, this study evaluated the impact of DAT genetic reduction on the morpho-functional integrity of mouse small intestine enteric nervous system (ENS). In DAT heterozygous (DAT+/−) and wild-type (DAT+/+) mice (14 ± 2 weeks) alterations in small intestinal contractility were evaluated by isometrical assessment of neuromuscular responses to receptor and non-receptor-mediated stimuli. Changes in ENS integrity were studied by real-time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations (). DAT genetic reduction resulted in a significant increase in dopamine-mediated effects, primarily via D1 receptor activation, as well as in reduced cholinergic response, sustained by tachykininergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission via NMDA receptors. These functional anomalies were associated to architectural changes in the neurochemical coding and S100β immunoreactivity in small intestine myenteric plexus. Our study provides evidence that genetic-driven DAT defective activity determines anomalies in ENS architecture and neurochemical coding together with ileal dysmotility, highlighting the involvement of dopaminergic system in gut disorders, often associated to neurological conditions.

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Strong Antimicrobial and Healing Effects of Beta-Acids from Hops in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected External Wounds In Vivo

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 708

Author(s):

Radek Sleha ◽

Vera Radochova ◽

Jiri Malis ◽

Alexander Mikyska ◽

Milan Houska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Therapeutic Modalities ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Inflammatory Parameters

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is an important causative agent of wound infections with increasing incidence in the past decades. Specifically, the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) causes serious problems, especially in nosocomial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop of alternative or supportive antimicrobial therapeutic modalities to meet these challenges. Purified compounds from hops have previously shown promising antimicrobial effects against MRSA isolates in vitro. In this study, purified beta-acids from hops were tested for their potential antimicrobial and healing properties using a porcine model of wounds infected by MRSA. The results show highly significant antimicrobial effects of the active substance in both the powder and Ambiderman-based application forms compared to both no-treatment control and treatment with Framycoin. Moreover, the macroscopic evaluation of the wounds during the treatment using the standardized Wound Healing Continuum indicated positive effects of the beta-acids on the overall wound healing. This is further supported by the microscopic data, which showed a clear improvement of the inflammatory parameters in the wounds treated by beta-acids. Thus, using the porcine model, we demonstrate significant therapeutic effects of hops compounds in the management of wounds infected by MRSA. Beta-acids from hops, therefore, represent a suitable candidate for the treatment of non-responsive nosocomial tissue infections by MRSA.

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Chronic rejection causes early destruction of the intrinsic nervous system in rat intestinal transplants

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.2.g413 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 273 (2) ◽

pp. G413-G421 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. F. Heeckt ◽

W. Halfter ◽

W. H. Schraut ◽

A. J. Bauer

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Chronic Rejection ◽

Circular Muscle ◽

Electrical Field Stimulation ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Diaphorase Activity ◽

Enteric Nerves ◽

Mucosal Changes ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Muscularis Externa

Chronic rejection is the major cause of late intestinal allograft dysfunction. We have previously shown that chronic rejection alters the muscularis externa of the graft. This study determined structural and functional changes to the enteric nerves during chronic rejection. Chronic rejection was achieved in orthotopic intestinal transplants (ACI to Lewis) by limited immunosuppression. Syngeneic transplants (ACI to ACI) and unoperated ACI rats served as controls. Animals were clinically healthy and showed no significant alterations in the mucosal architecture on postoperative day 90. Staining for NADPH diaphorase activity (nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons) and with neurofilament antibody RT-97 revealed that chronic rejection decreased the number of jejunal myenteric ganglia by approximately 50%. Inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) to circular muscle cells were determined by electrical field stimulation (EFS). In controls and syngeneic grafts, EFS caused a stimulus-dependent increase in IJP amplitude, with a maximal amplitude of 9 +/- 0.4 and 10 +/- 0.8 mV, respectively. Chronic rejection in allografts markedly increased the threshold for IJP initiation and decreased the maximal IJP amplitude (5 +/- 0.8 mV). Our data indicate that chronic rejection severely damages the muscularis and the enteric nervous system before mucosal changes become evident.

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“CHANGES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 WITH NEPHROPATHY AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF NEUROMARKERS OF BRAIN INJURY. LITERATURE REVIEW"

EurasianUnionScientists ◽

10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2021.1.89.1437 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Yu. Urmanova ◽

A. Holikov

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Nervous System ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Neurospecific Proteins

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY is to carry out an analysis of the literature evaluating diabetic encephalopathy by determining neuromarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this article, the authors analyzed the literature on the role of neuromarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing program hemodialysis. RESEARCH RESULTS. Among biochemical markers, the determination of the level of neurospecific proteins is actively being investigated. The main part of them is autoantigens, entering the bloodstream, can cause the appearance of autoantibodies, which, when the blood-brain barrier is impaired, enter the brain from the blood vessel and cause morphological changes, destructive processes in neurons, as well as the development of nonspecific acute-phase reactions like edema or inflammation. Biomarker studies for the diagnosis of various brain lesions have been under way for more than 20 years, but at present no ideal biomarker has been found. Among biochemical markers, the determination of the level of neurospecific proteins is being actively studied. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis, this issue is also relevant in view of the frequent vascular cerebrovascular complications, but few studies have been conducted. CONCLUSIONS. All of the above emphasizes the need to identify the features of clinical and functional changes in the nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving program hemodialysis and to evaluate the prognostic value of neuromarkers in early detection of the degree of brain damage.

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A Systematic Review of Musculoskeletal Mobilization and Manipulation Techniques Used in Veterinary Medicine

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2787

Author(s):

Kevin K. Haussler ◽

Amie L. Hesbach ◽

Laura Romano ◽

Lesley Goff ◽

Anna Bergh

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Small Animal ◽

Axial Skeleton ◽

Scientific Quality ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Outcome Parameters ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Canine Study

Mobilization and manipulation techniques are often used in small animal and equine practice; however, questions remain concerning indications, dosing and efficacy. A bibliographic search was performed to identify peer-reviewed publications from 1980 to 2020 that evaluated the clinical effects of musculoskeletal mobilization and manipulation techniques in dogs, cats and horses. The search strategy identified 883 papers for review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The clinical indications, dosages, outcome parameters, and reported efficacy within each publication were recorded and categorized for comparison with scientific quality assessed according to a standardized grading system. Fourteen articles were included in this systematic review of which 13 were equine and one was a canine study. Seven of these were cohort studies and seven were randomized controlled clinical trials. The canine study involved carpal immobilization-remobilization and all equine studies focused on the effects of passive mobilization (n = 5) or manipulation (n = 8) of the axial skeleton. Study quality was low (n = 4), moderate (n = 7), and high (n = 3) and included a wide array of outcome parameters with varying levels of efficacy and duration of therapeutic effects, which prevented further meta-analysis. Therefore, it was difficult to draw firm conclusions despite all studies reporting positive effects. Optimal technique indications and dosages need to be determined to improve the standardization of these treatment options.

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The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain and Cognitive Function

10.20944/preprints202108.0528.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jip Gudden ◽

Alejandro Arias Vasquez ◽

Mirjam Bloemendaal

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Future Research ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Positive Effects

The importance of diet and the gut-brain axis for brain health and cognitive function is increasingly acknowledged. Dietary interventions are tested for their potential to prevent and/or treat brain disorders. Intermittent fasting (IF), the abstinence or strong limitation of calories for 12 to 48 hours, alternated with periods of regular food intake, has shown promising results on neurobiological health in animal models. In this review article, we discuss the potential benefits of IF on cognitive function and the possible effects on the prevention and progress of brain-related disorders in animals and humans. We do so by summarizing the effects of IF which - through metabolic, cellular and circadian mechanisms - lead to anatomical and functional changes in the brain. Our review shows that there is no clear evidence of a positive short-term effect of IF on cognition in healthy subjects. Clinical studies show benefits of IF for epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis on disease symptoms and progress. Findings from animal studies show mechanisms by which Parkinson’s disease, ischaemic stroke, autism spectrum disorder and mood- and anxiety disorders could benefit from IF. Future research should disentangle whether positive effects of IF hold true regardless of age or the presence of obesity. Also, variations in fasting patterns, total caloric intake and intake of specific nutrients may be relevant components of IF success. Longitudinal studies and Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) will provide a window into the long-term effects of IF on the development and progress of brain-related diseases.

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Growth performance, digestibility, haematology, biochemistry, and some humoral immunity blood parameters of broiler chickens fed different levels of Boswellia serrata resin

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16767 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (10) ◽

pp. 1885 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ali Ridha Mustafa Al-Yasiry ◽

Bożena Kiczorowska ◽

Wioletta Samolińska ◽

Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Humoral Immunity ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Boswellia Serrata ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Different Levels

The study determined the effect of three different levels of Boswellia serrata tree resin (BSR) supplementation in diets for broiler chickens on the growth performance, selected slaughter analysis, nutrient digestibility, as well as haematology, biochemical and some humoral immunity blood parameters. In total, 200 1-day-old broiler chickens were assigned randomly to four treatments. The broiler chickens were fed diets containing 0 (C), 1.5 (BSR1.5), 2 (BSR2), or 2.5% Boswellia serrata resin (BSR2.5). The BSR treatments improved (P < 0.05) the feed intake and feed conversion ratio at breeding Days 22–35, but did not differentiate the nutrient digestibility in the diets. The best-quality carcass with a high proportion of muscles and low fat content (Control versus BSR diets, linear, P < 0.05) was obtained in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with 2% and 2.5% BSR. The blood profile was affected by the BSR treatments. The lymphocyte count increased linearly in blood (P < 0.05) along the increasing amounts of BSR. The content of uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood plasma decreased upon the BSR supplementation (Control vs BSR diets, linear, P < 0.05; and Control vs BSR diets, linear, P < 0.01, respectively). The resin of Boswellia serrata can be considered as a good botanical feed additive, which can have positive effects on the performance and health of broiler chickens.

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