scholarly journals Comparative Study on Treatment using Water-based Extract of Fresh and Dry Unripe Banana Peels with Conventional Antibiotics on UTI

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Konne Felix Eedee ◽  
Isomah Chiladi ◽  
Ogbonna Ikechi Solomon ◽  
Easter Nwokah ◽  
Amadi Chikadibia Fyneface
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Musa Sapientum ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Almost every part of a banana plant has use in medicine. Increased bacterial resistance to the conventional antibiotics has led to research into the development of alternative treatments to conventional antibiotics. This study focuses on the antimicrobial properties of banana peels against selected isolates from Urinary Tract Infection sample. The isolates from cultures further analysed with agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence of 16SrRNA and Phylogenetic analysis revealed Staphylococcus sciuri strain, a coagulase‐negative species, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Fresh unripe and dry unripe were used to determine the antimicrobial activities. A measure of 150grams of both fresh unripe and dry unripe was extracted with 100ml of water solvent (sterile) respectively for about 2days. The solvent extracts were concentrated separately under reduced pressure,  10g of each concentrated solvent extracts were dissolved in 5ml of sterile distilled water and used for antimicrobial assay using agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical analysis of fresh unripe and dry unripe revealed that alkaloid, flavonoid, cardiac glycosids,and phenols were present.. Musa sapientum L peels showed some effect on Escherichia coli, Enterococcusfaecalis, Staphylococcus sciuri, Klebsiellapneumoniae and Proteus mirabilisat 80% concentrations for water. Dry unripe has advantage over fresh unripe banana peels. The peels of Musa sapientum exhibited some inhibitory activity on these selected UTIs isolates, which could be attributed to the presence of certain secondary metabolites. Finally, when compared the peels extracts against the standard antibiotics drugs as the control, the water solvent extract were less effective.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF Solanum incanum AGAINST Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e183
Author(s):  
David Mutisya Musyimi ◽  
Tracy Ann Ashioya ◽  
George Opande ◽  
William Omuketi Emitaro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Human pathogenic microorganisms have developed resistance in response to indiscriminative use of commercial drugs. Plants produce many secondary metabolites with microbiocidal activity hence their use in traditional medicine. Herbalists in Kenya use medicinal plants including Solanum incanum in treating microbial infections. Though S. incanum has been used to treat different diseases in humans and animals, there is little information on antimicrobial activities of its extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of solanum incanum leaves, roots and seeds extracts were determined. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaf, root and seed of concentrations 25, 50, 75 and 100, and amoxicillin 25 mg/ml (control) with three replications were used for antibacterial analysis by the agar-well diffusion method. The results were subjected to analysis of variance at P < 0.05. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids and tannins. Solanum incanum exhibited significant antibacterial effect against the two test bacteria. Ethanol extracts were more active than extracts against the bacteria. Ethanol extracts at 100% inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus more than the Escherichia coli. The zones of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus were 35.0±0.6 mm, 30.94±0.3 mm and 30.14±0.64mm for seed, root and leaves respectively.On the other hand, the zones of inhibition for Escherichia coliat 100% ethanol were 27.20±0.06, 23.14±0.12 and 21.0±0.4 seed, root and leaves respectively.The results validate the use of these plants in ethnomedicine and potential of this plant in treating infections caused by the two bacteria.

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Benyagoub ◽  
N. Nabbou ◽  
S. Boukhalkhel ◽  
I. Dehini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and phytochemical evaluation of Datura Stramonium (Jimsonweed) on selected microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim ◽  
Chiletam Nwadiuto Amadi ◽  
Chizaram Winners Ndubueze
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The purpose of this work was to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of Datura stramonium on selected microorganisms, and to evaluate its phytochemical properties. The dry and wet leaves of D. stramonium were collected, extracted using ethanol and water, and assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activities at different concentrations (25mg, 12.5mg, 6.25mg, and 3.12mg) by disc diffusion method. The clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonela typhi, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were used. The highest zone of inhibition for bacteria was shown with ethanolic dry extract (11.3±3.4) at 25mg/ml and the lowest with aqueous dry extract (4.0±1.4) at 25mg/ml against Escherichia coli. The highest zone of inhibition for fungi was shown with ethanolic dry extract (10±1.4) at 25mg/ml against Aspergillus fumigatus and the lowest was with ethanolic wet extract (2.0±0.0) at 25mg/ml against Candida albican.The phytochemical analysis result showed the presence of tannin (1.757%), phenol (1.149%), flavonoid (6.325%), alkaloid (8.552%), phytate (2.671%), and hydrogen cyanide (4.175%). The chromatographic analysis showed the presence of over 40 elements with the highest as hydrazine (41%) and methyl hydrogen disulphide (41%). In this study, D. stramonium leaf extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities due to the presence of the phytochemical and bioactive compounds. This upholds the native utility of this plant to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Conclusively, this plant would serve as treatment alternatives for infections and basis for sources of antimicrobial agent.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of some Plant Extracts against Escherichia coli, along with its Phytochemical Analysis, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Pooja Singh ◽  
Upma Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis

In vitro antibacterial activity of 21 plant methanolic extracts were investigated by disc diffusion method against gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Amongst the extracts tested, the Datura stramonium L. and Ocimum basilicum L. showed significant antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogen. D. stramonium showed the highest antibacterial activity followed by O. basilicum extract. Phytochemical analysis of extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and phenols. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ABTS analysis of potent extract D. stramonium showed appreciable antioxidant activity. For DPPH and ABTS assay the highest antioxidant activity was observed at 60 mg ml-1 concentration with a percent inhibition of 71.66 and 77.19 with IC50 value 9.71 and 22.16 μg ml-1 respectively. Moreover, the radical scavenging activity of the extract was lower than that observed for the synthetic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA )and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The total phenolic content of D. stramonium extract was found to be 0.592 mg GAE/gm which was assayed using Folin ciocalteau reagent. The results provide evidence that the extract of D. stramonium and O. basilicum can be further recommended in the treatment of the infections caused by E. coli; further D. stramonium is also a potential source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Occurrence of NDM-1 and VIM-2 Co-Producing Escherichia coli and OprD Alteration in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital Environment Samples in Northwestern Tunisia

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
Raouaa Maaroufi ◽  
Olfa Dziri ◽  
Linda Hadjadj ◽  
Seydina M. Diene ◽  
Jean-Marc Rolain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Hospital environments constitute the main reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study we aimed to investigate the presence of Gram-negative bacteria in one Northwestern Tunisian hospital environment, and characterize the genes involved in bacterial resistance. A total of 152 environmental isolates were collected from various surfaces and isolated using MacConkey medium supplemented with cefotaxime or imipenem, with 81 fermenter bacteria (27 Escherichia coli, and 54 Enterobacter spp., including 46 Enterobacter cloacae), and 71 non-fermenting bacteria (69 Pseudomonas spp., including 54 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 2 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) being identified by the MALDI-TOF-MS method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method and E-Test was used to determine MICs for imipenem. Several genes implicated in beta-lactams resistance were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Carbapenem resistance was detected among 12 isolates; nine E. coli (blaNDM-1 (n = 8); blaNDM-1 + blaVIM-2 (n = 1)) and three P. aeruginosa were carbapenem-resistant by loss of OprD porin. The whole-genome sequencing of P. aeruginosa 97H was determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencer, typed ST285, and harbored blaOXA-494. Other genes were also detected, notably blaTEM (n = 23), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 10) and blaCTX-M-9 (n = 6). These new epidemiological data imposed new surveillance strategies and strict hygiene rules to decrease the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in this area.

scholarly journals Test the effectiveness of antibacterial effect of the skin of the pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) extract against the growth of Escherichia coli in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Niken . ◽  
Eliza Arman ◽  
Rahmi Novita Yusuf ◽  
Honesty Diana Morika
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Pomegranate Peel

Background: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is one of the traditional medicines that contains antibacterial compounds that are effective against bacterial growth. Its chemical content includes saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium which is a normal flora germ found in the human large intestine. These bacteria are pathogenic when they are outside the intestine and produce enterotoxins in epithelial cells which cause diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of pomegranate skin extract on the growth of Escherichia coli.Methods: This study used an experimental design study with a complete randomized design study divided into 5 groups namely groups 1 (15 ug/ml), 2 (20 ug/ml), 3 (25 ug/ml), positive control (ciprofloxatin), negative control. Making pomegranate peel extract was done by maceration method then rotary, after that the effectiveness of pomegranate extract extracted by the diffusion method was tested using Anova one-way test.Results: The results showed that the extract of pomegranate peel showed that it was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli with a ratio of constants (15 ug/ml, 20 ug/ml, 25 ug/ml with inhibition diameters of 6.7 mm, 6.7 mm, 6, 7 mm, while for positive control with ciprofloxatin showed bacterial resistance to antibiotics.Conclusions: Statistically, pomegranate skin extract has an antibacterial power which is meaningful with p 0.005. Pomegranate rind extract has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli medium because inhibition zone is 5-10 mm.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF METALLATED PORPHYRIN AGAINST CHRONIC WOUND COLONISING BACTERIAL ISOLATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B Daramola ◽  
A. A Olajide ◽  
N Torimiro ◽  
R. C George
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Wound infections have become life threatening as a result of treatment failures caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. The search for newer compounds potent against antibiotic resistant bacteria associated with wounds is crucial. Hence this study investigated the application of antibacterial photodynamic therapy using meso tetra-(4-phenyl) porphyrin (TPP), metallated with zinc, tin and silver (ZnTPP, SnTPP and AgTPP), meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) and the corresponding metallo meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (MTPPS) as photosensitizers. The in-vitro toxicity and photo-toxicity properties on four chronic wound colonizing multi-drug resistant bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and Escherichia coli were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Photo-toxicity of the compounds was investigated using 100 Watt tungsten lamp. Inhibitory activity of porphyrins tested against these bacterial strains showed Staphylococcus aureus to have both lowest (11±0.0 mm) and highest (33±1.1 mm) susceptibility to SnTPPS and ZnTPPS respectively. The sequence of data also showed appreciable improvement in the antimicrobial activities of five metalloporphyrins (SnTPP, AgTPP, ZnTPPS, SnTPPS and AgTPPS) exposed to light rays than when tested against bacterial strains in dark condition. ZnTPPS exhibited the best activity with improved photo-toxic activities against all bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus 33±1.1 mm, Klebsiella sp. 32±0.7 mm, Proteus sp. 28±0.7 mm and Escherichia coli 30±1.4 mm) examined in this study.

scholarly journals Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potential of the Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of the Leaf, Stem and Root of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugwoke C E C ◽  
Orji J. ◽  
Anze S P G ◽  
Ilodibia C V
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata

Background: Plants contain secondary metabolites or phytochemicals, which when consumed by humans give therapeutic effect. This study therefore analyzed the phytochemical composition of Chromolaena odorata so as to give an idea of its possible pharmacological potentials. An antimicrobial assay was also carried out to verify claims on its use in the treatment of infectious diseases. Methods: The experimental procedure involved collection of the leaf, stem and root of the plant from the wild, authenticating the samples and drying under shade to facilitate pulverization. Preliminary qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were done using standard methods to reveal the presence and percentage composition of basic phytochemicals. The powder was also macerated in ethanol and water to produce ethanol and aqueous crude extracts that were reconstituted in normal saline to concentrations (mg/ml) of 150, 100, 75 and 50. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were screened for sensitivity to the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The plant parts contain alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, and sterols at varying concentrations. The leaf however had highest concentration of almost all phytochemicals present. The antimicrobial activity of the plant was concentrationdependent in all parts of the plant and both extracts. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were most susceptible while Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli were least susceptible with an average Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) of about 8 – 10 mm. Conclusion: The substantial quantity of the basic phytochemicals in Chromolaena odorata could render it a utility plant in therapeutic use. Due to the profound antimicrobial effect as revealed by the IZDs, the plant could be classified as a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Thus, the claim on its potency in treatment of infectious diseases by traditional medical practitioners could be said to be justified.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of 6 important medicinal plants collected from North of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ghahari ◽  
Zahra Hadadi ◽  
Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Abstract Background: as possible sources of natural bioactive molecules, the plant essential oils and extracts have been used globally in new antimicrobial compounds, food preservatives, and alternatives to treat infectious disease.Methods: In this research, the antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of Sophora flavescens, Rhaponticum repens, Alhagi maurorum, Melia azedarach, Peganum harmala, and Juncus conglomeratus were evaluated against 8 bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, R. toxicus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. syringae, X. campestris, P. viridiflava) and 3 fungi (Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea), through disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the essential oils of plants with the highest antibacterial activity were analyzed utilizing GC/MS. Moreover, the tested plants were exposed to screening for possible antioxidant effect utilizing DPPH test, guaiacol peroxidas, and catalase enzymes. Besides, the amount of total phenol and flavonoid of these plants was measured. Results: Among the tested plants, methanolic and chloroformic extracts of P. harmala fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Besides, the investigation of free radical scavenging effects of the tested plants indicated the highest DPPH, protein, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase in P. harmala, M. azedarach, J. conglomeratus fruits, and J. conglomeratus fruits, respectively. In addition, the phytochemical analysis demonstrated the greatest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid compositions in J. conglomeratus and P. harmala, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicated that these plants could act as a promising antimicrobial agent, due to their short killing time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial potential and phytochemical screening of Moringa oleifera leave extract: An Emerging folkloric medicinal plant in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 043-047
Author(s):  
Fatima Adamu Lawan ◽  
Binta Baba Shehu ◽  
Ali Abba Gana Benisheikh ◽  
Abba Mohammad Dige ◽  
Hassan Arabi Jidda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Agar Disc

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical screening of Moringa oleifera leave extract as folkloric medicinal alternative. The phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of Alkanoids, Saponins, Fats & oil, Terpenoids and Tanin in all the solvents used for the study. Agar-disc diffusion method were used to determine the antimicrobial activities of the Moringa oleifera extracts on microorganisms. Maximum activities of inhibition were recorded on Ethyl acetate (50mg/ml) against Pseudomonas auroginusa, moderarate activities against Escherichia coli. Likewise 50mg/ml of Haxane extract show weak activities on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, moderate in both Staphalococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Whereas 50mg/ml of Methanol show moderate activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphalococcus aureus and weak activities on Escherichia coli respectively. The research revealed that Moringa oleifera bioactive components would be a safer alternative for curative and preventive emerging folkloric medicinal plant for treatment of bacterial ailments in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria.

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