Comparing the Antimicrobial efficacy of Dentifrice containing Rosmarinus officinalis and Fluoride containing Dentifrice - An In vitro study

2021 ◽  
pp. 3651-3656
Author(s):  
Indumathy Pandiyan ◽  
Jayashri Prabakar ◽  
Meignana Arumugham Indiran ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ◽  
Srisakthi Doraikannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dental Biofilm

Background: Dental biofilm is still a concern for dental professionals, given that it has been correlated with the aetiology of oral diseases. Herbal medicine or plant derived extracts are considered to be safer and exhibits less or no adverse effects in comparison with chemically synthesized medicines. Hence, herbal medicine and their extract can be used as an adjuvant in dental disease treatment. One among the various plant extract exhibiting antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms is Rosemarinus officinalis is an aromatic plant belonging to lamiaceae family originating from Mediterranean region. Therefore the present study was designed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis and Fluoride containing dentifrices against streptococcus aureus, Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Method: Rosemary leaves were procured from the markets of South India and were powdered to prepare the aqueous and ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis. Both the extracts of Rosmarinus Officinalis and Fluoride containing dentifrice were subjected to antimicrobial analysis. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Agar well diffusion method. The diameters of the zones of inhibited growth were measured to the nearest whole millimetre. Data was entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS software (version 23). Descriptive statistics were expressed by means of percentage. Results: The antimicrobial activity of Ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis at 100 conc. showed zone of inhibition of 20mm, 22mm, 17mm against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans respectively. Hence the Rosemary toothpaste had good antimicrobial property when compared to fluoride toothpaste. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that, rosemary containing dentifrice exhibited good antimicrobial properties when compared with fluoride dentifrice and it can be serve as an excellent replacement of several commercial available dentifrices.

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Benyagoub ◽  
N. Nabbou ◽  
S. Boukhalkhel ◽  
I. Dehini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate against Therapy Resistant Endodontic Microorganisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Mst Laila Akter Banu ◽  
AKM Bashar ◽  
Md Mujibur Rahman Howlader ◽  
Md Shamsul Alam ◽  
Md Ashraf Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Microorganisms, usually from the dental caries, are the main sources of diseases in dental pulp (root canals) and periapical region. Facultative bacteria and fungi have been identified in therapy resistant persistent endodontic infection. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) against therapy resistant endodontic microorganisms. The efficacy of MTA was also compared with that of calcium hydroxide. Six standard bacterial stains were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. The agar diffusion method on Muller- Hilton media was employed. The plates containing media were inoculated with the specified bacterial suspensions. Two standard holes were prepared on each microorganism inoculated plate with a copper puncher and one hole was completely filled with MTA & the other with Ca (OH)2 . The plates were then kept at environmental temperature for one hour to ensure prediffusion and then incubated at 370C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the diameters of inhibition zones were measured. Tests were replicated for thirty times for each sample and mean values were taken. Zone of inhibition as measured for MTA and Ca (OH)2 were statistically analyzed with Student’s t-Test and Post Hoc Games Howell Test and were presented as mean ± SD to compare of efficacy of MTA and calcium hydroxide on different microorganisms. Both MTA and Ca(OH)2 were found to produce zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), , Bacillus subtilis (BTCC 17 ), and Candida albicans (BTCC 493). MTA showed highest activity against S. aureus and lowest activity against P. aeruginosa which was similar to the activity range of Ca (OH)2 against the mentioned organisms. But both of them failed to produce any activity against E. coli and. E. faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower efficacy than Ca (OH)2 while comparing the zone of inhibition between them and statistically it was significant. Mineral Tri Oxide Aggregate (MTA) showed antimicrobial efficacy against some therapy resistant microorganisms but it did not show antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. MTA was found to produce a lower antimicrobial efficacy than Ca (OH)2.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(3): 140-145

scholarly journals Antimicrobial efficacy of Novel Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia Against Enterococcus Feacalis by Agar Well Diffusion Method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration- An Invitro Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Sriram Gummuluri ◽  
Venkata Teja Kavalipurapu ◽  
Apoorva Vasundhara Kaligotla
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay

Introduction: the long term success of root canal treatment is ultimately related to the effective debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. Hence, the irrigants play an important role in achieving the good penetrability and bactericidal activity. The present study was mainly aimed at evaluating the invitro antimicrobial efficacy of Novel Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia by agar well diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration. Materials and Methods:the antimicrobial efficacy of the Novel Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia was tested using agar well diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration was assessed. The zone of inhibitions were determined at 10 mg/ml concentration of Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia on agar well plate and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against tested microorganism. Results: results obtained in the present study by both qualitative and quantitative experiments revieled that the tested Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia possesses potential antibacterial activity against Enterococcus Feacalis when compared with standard antibiotic tetracycline. the highest zone of inhibition of 15mm was showed at 1000micrograms by agar well diffusion assay. The optimal antimicrobial activity was seen at 250micrograms for Morinda Citrifolia against Enterococcus Feacalis.Conclusion: novel Ethanolic extract of Morinda Citrifolia has shown an optimal antimicrobial activity against E.Feaclais. But still, future studies are still needed.

scholarly journals AN IN VITRO COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF TRIPLE ANTIBIOTIC PASTE, CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND ACACIA NILOTICA (BABBULA) AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND CANDIDA ALBICANS AS INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sumarlangki Sayoo ◽  
Shubhashini N. ◽  
Geeta I. B. ◽  
Bindu S
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), Calcium hydroxide and Acacia nilotica (A. nilotica) (Babbula) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) as intracanal medicaments. Materials and methods: The triple antibiotic paste mixture of (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline), calcium hydroxide, Acacia nilotica (Babbula) were weighed and mixed with polyethylene glycol and agar well diffusion method was employed to study the antimicrobial efficiency against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Results: All the intracanal medicaments showed zone of inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Among all intracanal medicaments used in the study Triple antibiotic paste produced maximum zone of inhibition followed by Babbula and least by Calcium hydroxide. Conclusions: Triple antibiotic paste showed the best antimicrobial efficacy followed by Babbula and least by Calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. More phytochemical studies need to be done. Further evaluation of concentrated extracts of Acacia nilotica (Babbula) could yield better results.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Root Canal Irrigant Made from Coconut and Bromelain Extract against Biofilm Forming Pathogens– An In vitro Evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 5222-5226
Author(s):  
Jerry Jose ◽  
Ajitha Palanivelu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite is shown to be a gold standard intracanal irrigant which has shown to have adequate antimicrobial properties and tissue dissolving properties. The toxicity of these irrigants are seen to be high towards various cells. Natural irrigants provide an alternative to show adequate antimicrobial activity and lesser cytotoxicity potential. The current study proposes a novel intracanal irrigant made from coconut and bromelain extract. Material and Methods: 10grams of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in deionized water followed by which 60ml of coconut oil was added to the warm water bath (40C). The final product was left to dry and crushed manually to powder. This powder was then taken in measured quantity to make a final product containing 20% of coconut and 4% of bromelain. The obtained irrigant was then evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar well diffusion method. Results: For the natural irrigant, the maximum zone of inhibition was seen highest at 22mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 25mm against Candida Albicans. For 3% sodium hypochlorite when compared against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida Albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition at 33mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 35mm against Candida Albicans. Conclusion: The study shows that the novel irrigant derived from coconut and bromelain extract has a good antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. It can be concluded that it has a potential application as a root canal irrigant for root canal disinfection.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficiency of Neem Leaf Extract and 17% Edta with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite against E. faecalis, C. albicans – An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
T. Santhosh ◽  
S. Delphine Priscilla Antony ◽  
N. P. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Introduction: Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis are the most predominant microorganisms found in the canals of failed root canal treated teeth. Thorough debridement of an infected root canal and complete elimination of microorganisms are objectives of effective endodontic therapy. For thousands of years, humans have used herbs as the primary means to sort out health issues and illnesses. Not all herbs have shown to provide scientific evidence as medicine to illness. Neem is a Botanical herb that is truly remarkable with its scientific value, a tropical evergreen native to India. Although different agents have been suggested as root canal irrigants, sodium hypochlorite and EDTA are the most popularly used. Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available irrigants, 17% EDTA and a herbal product, neem leaf extract compared with 3% sodium hypochlorite as a control against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Freshly prepared neem leaf extracts, 17% EDTA, 3% Sodium hypochloriteStandard strain of E. Faecalis and C. Albicans were used in this study. These isolates were subcultured on to Brain heart infusion agar (BHI agar) and HI-chrome candidal differential media respectively. The agar well diffusion test was performed in brain heart infusion media and broth. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the zone of inhibition was recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: Zones of inhibition were present with Neem leaf extract suggestive of antimicrobial properties. Zones of inhibition were greater with Neem extract than 17% EDTA. Hence, further research should be directed towards the use of this herbal extract as an irrigant clinically with endodontic therapy. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it was found that neem leaf extract had a significant antimicrobial effect against E. Faecalis and C. Albicans compared to EDTA and Sodium Hypochlorite. Since the study is a qualitative analysis, further testing needs to be done to final quantitative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of neem leaf extract.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Plant Extracts on Endodontic Pathogens Isolated from Teeth with Root Canal Treatment Failure: An In Vitro Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Suraj Arora ◽  
Shahabe Saquib ◽  
Youssef Algarni ◽  
Mohammed Kader ◽  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from Salvadora persica (Miswak), Commiphora molmol (myrrh) and Azadirachta indica (neem) in combination with commercially available antimicrobial agents: penicillin, tetracycline, ofloxacin and fluconazole on endodontic pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Microbiological samples from the root canals of the teeth undergoing retreatment were taken using sterile paper points kept at full length in the canal for 30 seconds. The disc diffusion method was used to check the susceptibility of microbes to the plant extracts and antimicrobials by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. Against the microbes, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the plant extracts were assessed. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was used to estimate the synergistic effect of plant extracts combined with antimicrobials against the resistant endodontic microbes. Results: The findings clearly indicate the effectiveness of all the three plant extracts, Commiphora molmol, Azadirachta indica, Salvadora persica, against all the experimental pathogenic microorganisms except for the ineffectiveness of Azadirachta indica, Salvadora persica against Candida albicans. Maximum antimicrobial activity was displayed by Azadirachta indica against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.09 ± 1.2 mg/mL, MBC = 0.78 ± 1.25 mg/mL) and the minimum antimicrobial activity was displayed by Commiphora molmol against Actinomyces naeslundii (MIC = 12.5 ± 3.25 mg/mL, MBC = 100 ± 3.75 mg/mL). The best synergy was displayed by Commiphora molmol with fluconazole against Candida albicans (FICI = 0.45). Conclusions: The current study delineates the variable antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the experimental endodontic pathogenic microorganisms. Plant extracts in conjunction with various antimicrobials can be valuable aids in combating relatively resistant endodontic microorganisms that have been the cause of worry in recent years, leading to failure even in treatment procedures following all required protocols.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Cassia auriculata linn

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Subhadradevi ◽  
K Asokkumar ◽  
M Umamaheswari ◽  
AT Sivashanmugam ◽  
JR Ushanandhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cassia Auriculata ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times plant as sources of medicinal compounds have continued to play a dominant role in the maintenance of human health. To treat chronic and infectious diseases plants used in traditional medicine contain a wide range of ingredients. In this regard, Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine as a tonic, astringent and as a remedy for diabetes, conjunctivitis, ulcers, leprosy, skin and liver diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers (CALE & CAFE). CALE and CAFE exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and exhibited no antifungal activity against standard strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was carried out for CALE and CAFE. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the CALE and CAFE can be a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Key words: Cassia auriculata; Antimicrobial activity; Agar well diffusion method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 513-518

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Pai Ksr ◽  
Sujatha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) against microorganisms including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: Agar well diffusion method was employed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves A. occidentale. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves were used against microorganisms, which included American type culture collection strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, MDR Escherichia coli, and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale showed significant antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extract had mild antifungal activity. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale could be a good source for the antibacterials to combat MDR bacterial infections. Further studies are necessary for these potent plant extracts to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and toxicity.

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