scholarly journals Comparative Study between Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and / or Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts on D-galactose Deleterious Brain Effects in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Fatma Hussien Ahmed ◽  
Kout Elkoloub Baker ◽  
Alyae M. S. Gabal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Epigenetic Marker ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the active chemical constituents and antioxidant capacities of saffron stigmas and turmeric rhizomes ethanolic extracts (ESE and ETE) respectively. D- galactose deleterious brain effects as well as the role of ESE and ETE supplementation against D-galactose intoxication were evaluated on male rat’s brain. Place of study: Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University. Methodology: Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; 10 rats each. Group (1): Healthy control; group (2): D-galactose control; rats were intoxicated with D-galactose (250mg/kg body weight /day/subcutaneously); group (3-5): D-galactose intoxicated rats and supplemented with (30mg /kg body weight /daily orally) of ESE, ETE and (15mg /kg body weight /daily orally) from each extract respectively for six weeks. Results: Research results revealed that saffron and turmeric ethanolic extracts contain active chemical constituents including polyphenols and flavonoids that possess high antioxidant activity. Biochemical analysis of brain tissues documented that injection with D-galactose caused significant increase (p≤0.05) in oxidative stress parameters including [advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein carbonyl group (PCG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) Levels], pro-inflammatory markers like [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) levels] , epigenetic marker [p16INK4a content] as well as neural cell markers [metallothoenins (MTs) and serotonin (5-HT) levels].On the other hand D-galactose intoxication caused significant decrease (p≤0.05) in brain antioxidants as [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) activity] as well as brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. All these results were proved by the microscopic examination and apoptotic markers immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissues that revealed degenerative changes in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Oral administration of saffron and turmeric ethanolic extracts alone or in combination decreased brain oxidants, pro-inflammatory markers, epigenetic marker and neural cell markers levels while increased the levels and activities of antioxidants as well as AChE activity associated with an improvement of brain microscopic examination and immunohistochemical analysis. The most significant improvements (p≤0.05) were recorded in the group that supplemented with both extracts. Conclusion: Study results proved that saffron and turmeric ethanolic extracts active components were able to correct deleterious brain effects induced by D-galactose and using their mixture was more efficient in ameliorating brain toxicity than using each extract alone evidenced by biochemical analysis, microscopic examination as well as immunohistochemical determination of apoptotic markers in bmrain tissues. It is advised to add saffron and turmeric to human foods and to prepare their ethanolic extracts to be available for human beings due to their ability to preserve brain functions and structure as well as their potential to inhibit and retard brain aging and neuro-degeneration.

scholarly journals Secretogranin II binds to secretogranin III and forms secretory granules with orexin, neuropeptide Y, and POMC

2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuko Hotta ◽  
Masahiro Hosaka ◽  
Atsushi Tanabe ◽  
Toshiyuki Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Secretogranin Ii

Functional variations in the secretogranin III (SCG3) gene are associated with susceptibility to obesity. SCG3 forms secretory granules with orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and POMC in the hypothalamus. In this study, we screened proteins for SCG3-binding activity and identified secretogranin II (SCG2) using a yeast two-hybrid system. Immunoprecipitation revealed that SCG2 interacts with SCG3. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated that SCG2 was highly expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, paraventricular nucleus, and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Double-labeling immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SCG2 was expressed in orexin-, MCH-, NPY-, and POMC-expressing neurons. SCG2 was also coexpressed with SCG3. Upon introduction into neuroblastoma cells, SCG2 was expressed in the cytosol and formed granule-like structures with SCG3, orexin, NPY, or POMC. SCG3 bound to POMC; however, it did not bind to orexin, MCH, or NPY. By contrast, SCG2 formed aggregates with orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC. SCG2 may act as a hormone carrier for orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC by binding with SCG3, which targets proteins to the secretory granules. SCG2 mRNA levels increased along with those of SCG3, orexin, MCH, and NPY after a 24-h fast, suggesting that the SCG2/SCG3 system may respond in an adaptive manner to acute body weight changes. However, this SCG2/SCG3 system appears to be unresponsive to chronic body weight changes, such as diet-induced obesity or obesity in ob/ob mice. We suggest that SCG2, as well as SCG3, may be a potential regulator of food intake based on its capacity to accumulate appetite-related hormones into secretory granules.

scholarly journals Effect of the Total Extract of Averrhoacarambola (Oxalidaceae) Root on the Expression Levels of TLR4 and NF-κB in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 2307-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Xu ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Xing Lin ◽  
Qingwei Wen ◽  
Xingmei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Expression Levels

Background: Averrhoacarambola L., which is a folk medicine used in diabetes mellitus (DM) in ancient China, has been reported to have anti-diabetic efficacy. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the extract of Averrhoacarambola L. root (EACR) on the regulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-Nuclear-factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in B) pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: the mice were injected with STZ (120 mg/kg body weight) via a tail vein. After 72 h, the mice with FBG = 11.1 mmol/L were confirmed as having diabetes. Subsequently, the mice were treated intragastrically with EACR (300, 600, 1200 mg/kg body weight/d) and metformin (320 mg/kg body weight/d) for 14 days. Results: As a result the serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) levels were decreased following EACR administration. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the pancreatic tissue expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were downregulated after EACR administration. EACR suppressed pancreatic mRNA expression level of TLR4 and blocked the downstream NF-κB pathway in the pancreas. According to Western blot analysis EACR suppressed pancreatic TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression levels. Histopathological examination of the pancreas showed that STZ-induced pancreas lesions were alleviated by the EACR treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the modulation of the IL-6 and TNF-a inflammatory cytokines and the suppression of the TLR4-NF-κB pathway are most likely involved in the anti-hyperglycemic effect of EACR in STZ-induced diabetic mice.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Flos Puerariae Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-he Liu ◽  
Hong-guang Chen ◽  
Pan-feng Wu ◽  
Qing Yao ◽  
Hong-ke Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Mice Model

Objective. The effects of Flos Puerariae extract (FPE) on cognitive impairment associated with diabetes were assessed in C57BL/6J mice.Methods. Experimental diabetic mice model was induced by one injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) for 5 days consecutively. FPE was orally administrated at the dosages of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. The learning and memory ability was assessed by Morris water maze test. Body weight, blood glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) in serum, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were also measured.Results. Oral administration of FPE significantly improved cognitive deficits in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FPE treatment also maintained body weight and ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. Additionally, decreased MDA level, enhanced CAT, and GSH-Px activities in cerebral cortex or hippocampus, as well as alleviated AChE activity in cerebral cortex, were found in diabetic mice supplemented with FPE.Conclusion. This study suggests that FPE ameliorates memory deficits in experimental diabetic mice, at least partly through the normalization of metabolic abnormalities, ameliorated oxidative stress, and AChE activity in brain.

The Organophosphate Paraoxon Has No Demonstrable Effect on the Murine Immune System following Subchronic Low Dose Exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Fernandez-Cabezudo ◽  
S. Azimullah ◽  
S.M. Nurulain ◽  
M. Mechkarska ◽  
D.E. Lorke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference

Paraoxon is the bioactive metabolite of the organophosphate pesticide parathion. Desulphuration of parathion by liver enzymes or sunlight results in the formation of paraoxon which inhibits acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of a 6-week, subchronic treatment with two different daily intraperitoneal doses (30 or 40 nmol) of paraoxon on the immune system of BALB/c mice. At a dose of 30 nmol/day, body weight of treated animals was unchanged compared to the controls. In contrast, the higher dose (40 nmol/day) induced a reduction in body growth, particularly in the first 3 weeks of treatment, peaking at week 2 when the saline group showed a 14.2-fold increase in body weight gain compared to paraoxon-treated animals. Moreover, mice treated with either dose of paraoxon had a >50% reduction in AChE activity during the first 3 weeks of treatment, but by the end of the treatment (week 6), AChE activity returned to normal. With regard to immunological parameters, there was no significant difference in either total spleen weight or in the ratios of various spleen cell populations between control and paraoxon-treated animals. Furthermore, no changes were observed in mitogen-induced cytokine secretion from splenocytes of paraoxon-treated mice. Finally, subchronic exposure to paraoxon did not alter mortality of mice exposed to a bacterial infection with Salmonella typhimurium. These data suggest that although subchronic exposure to paraoxon induced a transient inhibition in AChE activity, it had no demonstrable effect on the host immune system.

Diet Supplementation with Madagascar Cockroach Flour (Gromphadorhina portentosa) Improved Malnourished Mice Metabolism and Ameliorated Liver Inflammatory Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Janaína Ribeiro Oliveira ◽  
Junio Cota ◽  
Bruna Mara Carvalho ◽  
Theles de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Diego Vicente da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa

Background: Malnutrition and accessible high-quality protein food sources are two of the world’s alimentary challenges. Edible insects are nowadays recognized as a possible functional food solution with lower environmental impacts and beneficial health effects. Objective: In this context, the aim of the present study is to evaluate Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) flour supplementation effects on a malnourished mice model, considering its effects on metabolism, adiposity, and inflammatory liver profiles. Method: Male Swiss mice are divided into five groups and fed with experimental diets for eight weeks, including a standard diet (ST) ad libitum, AIN93 ad libitum (AIN), insect flour-enriched AIN93 (AIN+IM), AIN-40% feed restriction (AIN-FR), and insect flour-enriched AIN-40% of feed restriction (AIN-FR+IM). The metabolic profiles, adipose tissue, biochemical parameters, and liver IL-6 and IL-10 expression are evaluated. Results: The main findings show a body weight and metabolism improvement followed by an increased recovery of the adipocyte area in the AIN-FR+IM group when compared to the AIN-FR malnourished group. Reduced hepatic IL-6 and increased IL-10 expression are also detected in the AIN-FR+IM group. Conclusion: The results show that insect flour supplementation enhances both body weight and adiposity gain/recovery. The results also show hepatic improvement of inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals The Physicochemical analysis and Phytochemical screening of some medicinal plants of Letang Municipality of Morang district, Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Rijan Ojha ◽  
Tilak Prasad Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
The People ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Ethnobotany gives the basic idea about the medicinal properties of plants. Identification of active compounds of the medicinal plants and their standardization is essential for the production of new drugs. In the present work, different parts of the five medicinal plants (Curcuma caesia, Costus speciosus, Drymaria cordata, Leea macrophylla, Plumbago zeylanica) were washed, air dried and crushed. Three different extracts of each powdered material were prepared and standard phytochemical analysis procedure was followed for the analysis of physicochemical properties of plants and the identification of active chemical constituents. Among 5 plants, the highest moisture content (14.83%) was found in Plumbago zeylanica, higher total ash (9.22%) and acid insoluble ash (4.43%) were observed in Cucurma caesia. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 varieties of bioactive chemicals in the 5 different plants. The plants of the area have great diversity of phytochemicals of numerous medicinal properties. In conclusions, these five important medicinal plants could be useful for the people of the locality to cure several diseases as well as to generate the source of income. BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 67-74

Associations with body weight of selected chemical constituents in blood: epidemiologic data.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Munan ◽  
A Kelly ◽  
C PetitClerc ◽  
B Billon
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Epidemiologic Data

scholarly journals Probiotic Lactobacillus casei: Effective for Managing Childhood Diarrhea by Altering Gut Microbiota and Attenuating Fecal Inflammatory Markers

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Hsiang Lai ◽  
Cheng-Hsun Chiu ◽  
Man-Shan Kong ◽  
Chee-Jen Chang ◽  
Chien-Chang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Fecal Lactoferrin ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus

Background: Acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and an economic burden for families. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of probiotics on clinical symptoms, intestinal microbiota, and inflammatory markers during childhood diarrhea. Methods: Children (n = 81) aged six months to six years (mean age 2.31 years) hospitalized for acute diarrhea were randomized to receive probiotics (Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus; n = 42) or no probiotics (n = 39) orally twice daily for seven days. Feces samples were also collected to evaluate microbial content using a traditional agar plate and next-generation sequencing. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin, and calprotectin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared in different groups. Other clinical symptoms or signs, including fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloated abdomen, daily intake, appetite, and body weight were also assessed. Results: Data were collected from 81 individuals across three different time points. Total fecal IgA levels in fecal extracts of the probiotics group were higher than those in the control group, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05). Concentrations of fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin were significantly downregulated in patients with probiotic Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lc) consumption compared to those of the control (p < 0.05). Probiotic Lc administration may be beneficial for gut-microbiota modulation, as shown by the data collected at one week after enrollment. Counts of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species were elevated in stool culture of the probiotic group. Appetite and oral intake, body-weight gain, abdominal pain, bloating, as well as bowel habits (diarrhea) were much better in children receiving probiotics compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: Fecal IgA increased during acute diarrhea under Lc treatment; in contrast, fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin were downregulated during acute diarrhea under Lc treatment. Probiotic Lc may be a useful supplement for application in children during acute diarrhea to reduce clinical severity and intestinal inflammatory reaction.

The effect of polysaccharides calamus on the liver and esophagus cancerogenesis wile the experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Болиева ◽  
Laura Bolieva ◽  
Кокоев ◽  
Leonid Kokoev ◽  
Закс ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Multiple Tumors ◽  
Esophagus Cancer ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Tumors Of The Liver

The effect of polysaccharides Calamus on the occurrence of tumors of the liver and esophagus induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats was studied. The experiment was conducted on 32 male rats of Wistar line. Animals were divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 16) – animals received only carcinogen 100 mg / l daily for 4 months and Group II (n = 16) – the animals treated with the carcinogen along polysaccharides calamus marsh at a dose of 75 mg/kg of body weight daily for 6 months. Fallen in the course of the experiment the animals were opened. At the end of the experiment the liver and esophagus of all animals were subjected to macro- and microscopic examination. The obtained findings suggest that the ability of polysaccharides exert anticarcinogenic effects on the liver and esophagus cancer, appears to reduce the incidence of malignant tumors, multiple tumors and inhibition of malignancy neoplastic changes in them.

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