scholarly journals A Comparative Analytical Study of Fresh Honey Collected from Honey Comb of Apis Mellifera and Market Samples of Honey

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Dhirajsingh Rajput ◽  
Anita Wanjari ◽  
Mujahid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Authentic Texts ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Natural Honey

Honey is a natural product which was known to ancient seers of Ayurveda since Veda period. The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of honey were well known and also documented in authentic texts of Ayurveda. However the abundant availability of honey has gone decreasing since industrialization and deforestation. It has resulted in artificial culture and marketing of honey. The quality of such honey is matter of concern as it is easy to adulterate honey but is very hard to find out the difference between natural and adulterated honey. Considering this issue, present work has been planned to compare freshly collected natural honey and marketed samples of honey. For the comparative analytical study four different samples were collected. Three samples of three different pharmacies were procured from market (honey of branded Ayurvedic companies) and compared with collected honey sample from honeycomb of Apis mellifera. The collected four samples of honey have almost similar organoleptic characters i.e. colour, odour, taste and touch. Considerable differences are detected in physico-chemical analysis, nutritional value and HMF value. The observations are within normal range however the differences are suggestive of need of establishing quality control parameters based on source of honey, collection season, temperature and storage condition and also providing these details while labelling the samples. Finding of present study revealed that freshly collected natural honey have best desired attributes compared all three marketed samples.

ASSESSMENT OF HONEYBEE DRONES BREED IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Queen Bees ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
Natural Honey

One of the most important aspects of endemic populations conservation of modern honeybee breeds of is study in the field of drones morphological features identification in the apiaries, as the assessment of Queen bees’ purity breed and the potential for recovery of the populations. In this regard, studies of the honeybee drones’ breed in the Chuvash Republic (Chuvashia) are relevant and have scientific and prac-tical value. The raw material was a sample collection of drones (126000 pcs. from 4200 of the bee fami-lies) from 21 districts, which are covering all natural honey gathering zones of the Chuvash Republic: forest-steppe, forest and steppe. Three characteristics are identified: colour of the hairs on a scale of Gotze, cubital index and the length of the proboscis. The binocular microscope MBS-10 was used in the work. In the process of research, biogenetic potential of the Chuvash population of Central Russian breed (Apis mellifera mellifera) is established, in the conditions of hybridization, with the observed trend of an annual increase. Five subpopulation structures or administrative districts (Morgaushsky, Kras-noarmeysky, Krasnochetaysky, Shumerlinsky and Batyrevsky) are registered, where, the territory of "pure" breeding is stored and gradually created thanks to the selection-breeding works. The obtained re-sults prove the effectiveness of implemented local and regional programs and activities of breeding and distribution of Central Russian breed bees in the Chuvash Republic.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Optical Properties of InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells with Varying GaN Cap Layer Thickness

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Feng Liang ◽  
Degang Zhao ◽  
Zongshun Liu ◽  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Multiple Quantum ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Cap Layer ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Three InGaN/GaN MQWs samples with varying GaN cap layer thickness were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to investigate the optical properties. We found that a thicker cap layer is more effective in preventing the evaporation of the In composition in the InGaN quantum well layer. Furthermore, the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) is enhanced with increasing the thickness of GaN cap layer. In addition, compared with the electroluminescence measurement results, we focus on the difference of localization states and defects in three samples induced by various cap thickness to explain the anomalies in room temperature photoluminescence measurements. We found that too thin GaN cap layer will exacerbates the inhomogeneity of localization states in InGaN QW layer, and too thick GaN cap layer will generate more defects in GaN cap layer.

scholarly journals Perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan yang tinggal di tepi pantai

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne C. Jacobus ◽  
Max F.J Mantik ◽  
Adrian . Umboh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Main Component

Abstract: Haemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells that serves as a transporter of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. The normal range of haemoglobin values can be used to determine the degree of anemia according to age and gender. Geographical condition such as altitude influences the haemoglobin value. This study aimed to obtain the difference of haemoglobin levels between teenagers with good nutrition status who live at the highland and those at the seaside. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. Samples were students with good nutrition status of SMPN 3 Tomohon (living at the highland) and those of SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting (living at the seaside). There were 60 students who met the inclusion criteria as follows: adolescent, good nutrition status, healthy, aged 13-15 years, lived at the highland or at the seaside ≥ 6 month, and willing to be performed blood examinations, and had been approved by their parents. The Mann-Whitney test for the difference between haemoglobin levels of the two groups showed a p value < 0,001. Conclusion: There was a very significant difference between haemoglobin levels of good nutrition teenagers who lived at the highland and at the seaside. Keywords: haemoglobin levels, good nutrition, teenagers, highland, seaside  Abstrak: Hemoglobin merupakan komponen utama sel darah merah dan berfungsi sebagai transporter oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam darah. Batas normal nilai hemoglobin dapat digunakan untuk menetapkan derajat anemia, dengan distribusi usia dan jenis kelamin spesifik didasarkan pada sampel referensi sehat. Kondisi geografis, seperti ketinggian tempat dari permukaan laut menjadi faktor pertimbangan dalam distribusi nilai normal hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan yang tinggal di tepi pantai. Jenis penelitian ini analitik-observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan yaitu siswa SMPN 3 Tomohon dan yang di tepi pantai yaitu siswa SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 60 remaja yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu gizi baik, sehat, berumur 13-15 tahun, berdomisili di pegunungan atau tepi pantai ≥6 bulan, bersedia dilakukan pemeriksaan darah, dan telah disetujui oleh orang tua. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney mengenai perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan nila p <0,001. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna kadar hemoglobin remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan di tepi pantai.Kata kunci: kadar hemoglobin, remaja gizi baik, pegunungan, tepi pantai

scholarly journals Efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine in preventing neonatal umbilical cord infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Fouzia Ishaq ◽  
Anila Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Maria Iftikhar ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Random Method

Background: Umbilical cord stump is a budding point for bacterial colonization subsequently leading to sepsis that contributes to high neonatal morbidity and mortality, if not properly managed. Antiseptic care can significantly reduce omphalitis and ultimately improve newborn survival. Objective of this study was to see the efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine use to prevent umbilical cord infection in neonates.Subjects and methods: It was a comparative analytical study conducted in Neonatal unit, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (SGRH) Lahore from July, 2016 till January, 2017. One hundred neonates were enrolled and randomized into two equal group by simple random method (50 each). In one group, nothing was applied to cord while in chlorhexidine group, 4% chlorhexidine gel was applied on umbilicus and around it, once daily for 7 days or till cord detached whichever came early. First application was done by a nurse followed by duly trained mother/caregiver. The signs of omphalitis (redness, pus or localized oedema) were observed and recorded for each neonate in both groups. Chi square test was used to see the difference in omphalitis in these groups with p˂ 0.05 considered as statistically significant result.Results: Out of 100 neonates, 29 (58%) and 23 (46%) males while 21 (42%) and 27 (54%) females neonates belonged to dry care and chlorhexidine group respectively. Nineteen (38%) neonates with dry cord had omphalitis compared to only 5 (10%) in chlorhexidine group (p 0.001). Neonates with chlorhexidine application showed prolonged mean cord separation time (7.9±1.5 days) compared to dry care (6.1±1.8 days). Conclusion: The use of 4% Chlorhexidine was effective to lower omphalitis compared to neonates with dry cord care.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of the Difference Equation xn+1 = xnxn-6 / xn-5 (±1 – xnxn-6)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdualrazaq Sanbo ◽  
Elsayed M. Elsayed ◽  
Faris Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Difference Equation ◽  
Difference Equations ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Rational Difference Equations ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Difference

This paper is devoted to find the form of the solutions of a rational difference equations with arbitrary positive real initial conditions. Specific form of the solutions of two special cases of this equation are given.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analytical Study of Some External Finishing (Cladding) Material in Terms of Their Ability to Spread Fire in Multi-story Building Facades in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-654
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Alfakhry
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fire Spreading ◽  
Story Building ◽  
Cladding Material ◽  
Main Factor

The traditional building in Iraq characterised by the using of a certain number of finishing's in external façades like cement plastering, limestone and perforated yellow brick because the raw materials of manufacturing are available locally. Fire spread through the facades is widely recognized as one of the fastest pathways of fire spreading in the buildings, so the appropriate choose of highly performance finishing material against fire will be potentially the main factor in controlling the fire and suppressed it. This study uses computer modeling and fire simulation technology of Pyrosim, FDS and smoke view to compare the difference between the performance of some traditional finishing materials like cement plastering, limestone and perforated yellow brick with the ACPs and their speed to transfer fire from floor to floor if used in multi storey buildings. The study highlighted that traditional finishing materials are more efficient than modern cladding materials and that the performance of ACP-PE is the worst among the materials examined by this study. Moreover, the cement plastering is the worst among the traditional local finishing materials.

Wybrane właściwości miodu szczególnie przydatne w kosmetologii

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Dubiago ◽  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Adam Klimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Natural Honey

Honey is produced by bees (Apis mellifera) from flower nectar and insect secretions. Like other bee products it is used as an adjuvant for treatment of many diseases. It also finds its uses for producing cosmetics. The main components of honey include carbohydrates, which represent approximately 80% of the dry matter, and water. Monosaccharides, mainly fructose and glucose, constitute approximately 70% of the sugars, whilst the remaining saccharides are disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Moreover, honey consists vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, amino acids and enzymes. Beneficial effect of natural honey on human health has been known for a long time because of its biological and therapeutic properties. It is used to treat some cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Among the best-known properties of honey are its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Important is also its antioxidant activity, which could be useful for producing anti-aging cosmetics.

scholarly journals Winter honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations show greater potential to induce immune response than summer ones after immune stimuli

2020 ◽  
pp. jeb.232595
Author(s):  
Silvie Dostálková ◽  
Pavel Dobeš ◽  
Martin Kunc ◽  
Jana Hurychová ◽  
Mária Škrabišová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Colony Fitness ◽  
Middle Europe ◽  
Immune Challenges ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitellogenin Gene

In the temperate climates of middle Europe and North America, two distinct honeybee (Apis mellifera) populations are found in colonies: short-living summer bees emerge in spring and survive until summer, whereas long-living winter bees emerge in late August and overwinter. Besides the difference in their life spans, each of these populations fulfills a different role in the colonies and individual bees have distinct physiological and immunological adaptations depending on their roles. For instance, winter worker bees have higher vitellogenin levels and larger reserves of nutrients in the fat body than summer bees. The differences between the immune systems of both populations are well described at the constitutive level; however, our knowledge of its inducibility is still very limited. In this study, we focus on the response of 10-day-old honeybee workers to immune challenges triggered in vivo by injecting heat-killed bacteria, with particular focus on honeybees that emerge and live under hive conditions. Responses to bacterial injections differed between summer and winter bees. The latter induced more intense response, including higher expression of antimicrobial genes and antimicrobial activity, as well as a significant decrease in vitellogenin gene expression and its concentration in the hemolymph. The intense immune response observed in winter honeybees may contribute to our understanding of the relationships between colony fitness and infection with pathogens, as well as its association with successful overwintering.

scholarly journals KOMPARASI ELASTISITAS PEMBIAYAAN PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT MENULAR DIREGIONAL JAWA BALI DAN PAPUA

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Nuzulul Kusuma Putri ◽  
Herti Maryani ◽  
Thinni Nurul Rochmah ◽  
Ernawaty Ernawaty
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
T Test ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Characteristic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

The rapid growth and the various communicable diseases should be compensated with qualifi ed health programs. The programs’ budget should be able to meet the need of communicable disease intervention. In the era of decentralization, differences in the ability of each district in handling health problems could triger the disparity between districts. This research analyzes the difference of budget elasticity that existed in the communicable disease intervention between districts in Java Bali and Papua region. This is an analytical study which analyze the difference of communicable disease budget elasticity based on the geographic characteristics, fi scal capacity, and health status in each districts. The data is collected cross sectional in all districts that exist in Java Bali and Papua as the population. The difference of elasticity based on each indicator used in this study was analysed using independent t-test. The elasticity of communicable disease prevention fi nancing is different among districts with different public health index inJava Bali and Papua regional. Themajority of communicable disease budget in districts are inelastic, in both regions. It is different with the assumption that budget elasticity of communicable disease should be responsive. The budget elasticity of communicable disease in Indonesia is infl uenced by its health condition of each district. This condition is contrast to the ideal budget elasticity that should be elastic in accordance to the communicable disease problems. The use of economic assumption for further research should be concerns to the uncertainty of health characteristic. Abstrak Tingginya laju pertumbuhan dan bervariasinya jenis penyakit menular harus diimbangi dengan upaya penanggulangan yang responsif. Pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular harus menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan penyakit menular. Di era desentralisasi, terdapat perbedaan kemampuan tiap daerah dalam pembiayaan kesehatan sehingga menyebabkan adanya disparitas penyakit antar daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan komparasi elastisitas pembiayaan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah daerah dalam penanggulangan penyakit menular di regional Jawa Bali dan Papua. Komparasi ini dilakukan sebagai analisis lanjut Riset Pembiayaan Kesehatan tahun 2015 oleh Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Penelitian analitik ini melakukan komparasi elastisitas pembiayaan  penanggulangan penyakit menular berdasarkan perbedaan karakteristik geografi , kemampuanfiskal, dan status kesehatan pada setiap kabupaten/kota yang ada di regional Jawa Bali dan Papua. Data dikumpulkan secara cross sectional pada Dinas Kesehatan kabupaten/kota yang ada di regional Jawa Bali dan Papua. Komparasi elastisitas terhadap setiap indikator yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan independent t-test. Elastisitas pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular antar Kabupaten/Kota berbeda pada regional Jawa Bali dan Papua dengan IPKM berbeda. Kondisi pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular yang seharusnya elastis, tidak terjadi pada kedua regional. Mayoritas Kabupaten/Kota cenderung inelastis dalam membiayai penanggulangan penyakit menular di masing-masing daerah. Elasitisitas pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular pada Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kesehatan masing-masing daerah. Kondisi ini bertolak belakang dengan asumsipembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular yang harusnya responsif sesuai dengan masalah penyakit menular yang muncul. Penggunaan asumsi yang juga memperhatikan beberapa masalah kesehatan lain merupakan hal yang perlu digunakan pada penelitian selanjutnya.

scholarly journals Budgetary Impact of Covering “Me-Too” Drugs from Social Security: Buenos Aires State Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-s) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Gustavo H. Marin ◽  
Lupe Marin ◽  
Daniel Agüero ◽  
Mariana Pagnotta ◽  
Gina Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Global Market ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Budgetary Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Structure Similarity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
State Case

The majority of new drugs that are register at Health Global Market are not considered real innovations and due to their chemical structure similarity of reference’s group drug, they are known as “me-too”. These “me too” drugs has no additional therapeutic benefits but greatly increasing treatment´s. PURPOSE: To demonstrate the economic impact in Social Security budget by covering “me too” medicines. METHODS: An epidemiological-descriptive-analytical study was performed in order to analyze the burden of anti-hypertensive prescription from patients under coverage by Buenos Aires State Social Security. Two types of medicines were compared: “pioneer” or “me-too”. Variables considered were: type of drug, class or therapeutical group of medicines, global costs, burden for social security and for patients. RESULTS: From 185865 patients that received medication; in 121748 of the cases the strategy was monotherapy while 64117 received at least two or more medicines. 189714 were reference drugs while 64393 of them were considered “me-too”. In average, “me-too” drugs were 41.23% more expensive than classical treatment. The percentage covered by IOMA varies according to the medicines (between 45 to 51%) and patients must complete the amount of money remaining from their pockets. Paradoxically, the percentage covered by IOMA some “me-too” were greater than the percentage paid for most classic medications of each group. CONCLUSIONS: By only choosing the drug of reference, with proven effectiveness, from each therapeutical group, the State Social Security could cover 100% of the cost of all anti-hypertensive treatment and all patients even saving almost 2 million dollars per year. Keywords: Health, Policies, Medicines, Me too, Economical Burden, Coverage, anti-hypertensive

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