scholarly journals Deep Vein Thrombosis in Adults-A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Monali Walke ◽  
Savita Pohekar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clot ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Common Sign ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
First Time

DVT is a type of blood clot that occurs in the deep veins of the leg or pelvis. An embolus occurs when a thrombus, or blood clot, breaks off. Emboli can go to the lungs and cause a PE. DVT is the most found reason for maternal death in developing country, according to a 2017 analysis. In children, DVT is relatively uncommon. According to a 2016 report, DVT affects 0.30 out of every 100,000 children under the age of nine and 0.64 out of every 100,000 children between the ages of ten and nineteen. Throughout high-income nations, roughly 1.5 out of 1000 adults will get VTE for the first time each year, 5–11 percent of persons will have VTE  their lifetime. As people get older, VTE becomes significantly more common. DVT has several risk factors, some of which are listed here. An injury to your veins, such as a bone fracture, Being overweight puts extra pressure on your legs and pelvis veins. Having a DVT family history, A catheter is put into a vein, Female who is taking hormonal treatment or pills of birth control. A common sign is edema in your foot, ankle, or leg, mostly one side. Cramping pain in the affected leg that usually starts in the calf Area of skin that is noticeably warmer than the rest of the body. Diagnosis of DVT includes Ultrasound, Venogram, d-dimer test. Medical Management of DVT pharmacological therapy i.e. unfractional heparin, low molecular heparin, anticoagulant, thrombolytic therapy used. Conclusion : Awareness and understanding its signs and symptoms are more effective and less expensive than the secondary prevention. Encouragement and education for the self-reporting and self-assessment help to the early detection and prevention of DVT.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Formation and Treatment of Thrombosis by Natural and Synthetic Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7975
Author(s):  
Anna Lichota ◽  
Eligia M. Szewczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activation ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
The Impact

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), whose consequence may be a pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is the third most common cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. DVT is associated with the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein in the body. Thrombosis promotes slowed blood flow, hypoxia, cell activation, and the associated release of many active substances involved in blood clot formation. All thrombi which adhere to endothelium consist of fibrin, platelets, and trapped red and white blood cells. In this review, we summarise the impact of various factors affecting haemostatic disorders leading to blood clot formation. The paper discusses the causes of thrombosis, the mechanism of blood clot formation, and factors such as hypoxia, the involvement of endothelial cells (ECs), and the activation of platelets and neutrophils along with the effects of bacteria and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanisms related to the action of anticoagulants affecting coagulation factors including antiplatelet drugs have also been discussed. However, many aspects related to the pathogenesis of thrombosis still need to be clarified. A review of the drugs used to treat and prevent thrombosis and natural anticoagulants that occur in the plant world and are traditionally used in Far Eastern medicine has also been carried out.

Effect of Punarnavadi Mandoor and Shiva Gutika in Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis - A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasedar Vishwanath S. ◽  
Pusuluri YVSM Krishna ◽  
Dani Harshikha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Acute Case ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Left Lower Limb ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Deep Vein

Objectives: To minimise the dose of Anti-platelet drugs and to treat the acute case of DVT through Ayurvedic oral medications. Methods: The present diagnosed case of DVT approached to OPD of KLE BMK Ayurveda Hospital with a complaints of swelling and pain in the calf muscle of the left lower limb associated with reddish brown discoloration in the foot and occasionally nasal and gum bleeding was treated consequently for 5 months with Punarnavadi Mandoor and Shiva Gutika orally. Results: There is significant decrease in the symptoms of DVT and also major changes seen in Venous Colour Doppler study of the left lower limb. Conclusion: Acute DVT is caused by a blood clot in a deep vein and can be life threatening as it may leads to serious complication like pulmonary embolism which can be cured through Ayurvedic oral medications.

scholarly journals External iliac vein compression and lower-extremity swelling caused by an iliopectineal ganglion: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyokazu Fukui ◽  
Ayumi Kaneuji ◽  
Norio Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Iliac Vein ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
External Iliac Vein ◽  
Iliac Vein Compression ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Background A hip joint ganglion is a rare cause of lower-extremity swelling. Case presentation We report a case of a Japanese patient with ganglion of the hip with compression of the external iliac/femoral vein that produced signs and symptoms mimicking those of deep vein thrombosis. Conclusions Needle aspiration of the ganglion was performed, and swelling of the lower extremity promptly decreased. At 7.5 years after aspiration, there was no recurrence of swelling of the leg. Although the recurrence rate for ganglions after needle aspiration is high, it is worthwhile trying aspiration first.

scholarly journals Association between Cancer and Anatomical Site of Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
David A Froehling ◽  
Damon E. Houghton ◽  
Waldemar E. Wysokinski ◽  
Robert D. McBane ◽  
Danielle Vlazny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Pulmonary Emboli ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Active Cancer

Background:There is limited published data on the association between malignancy and the location of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the body. Aims:Assess the location of VTE in the body in patients with active cancer and compare these results in patients without malignancy. Methods:Consecutive patients enrolled in the Mayo Clinic VTE Registry between March 1, 2013 and November 30, 2019 for acute VTE were followed prospectively. Anatomical site of thrombosis and malignancy status were recorded. Patient outcomes were assessed in person, by mailed questionnaire, or by a scripted phone interview. Active cancer was defined as treatment for malignancy within the last six months or not yet in remission. Results:During the study period there were 2,798 patients with acute VTE (1256 with and 1542 without active cancer). Pulmonary emboli were more common in patients with active cancer compared to patients without cancer (49.5% vs. 39.7%, p<0.001). Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (11.4 % vs. 7.7%, p<0.001), renal vein thrombi (1.4% vs. 0.2%, p<0.001) and splanchnic vein thrombi (9.3% vs. 6.0%, p=0.001) were all more common in patients with active cancer compared to patients without cancer. Conclusion:Compared to those without malignancy, patients with active cancer were more likely to have pulmonary emboli, upper extremity deep vein thrombosis, renal vein thrombi, and splanchnic vein thrombi. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Non-invasive diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis from ultrasound imaging with machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Kainz ◽  
Mattias P. Heinrich ◽  
Antonios Makropoulos ◽  
Jonas Oppenheimer ◽  
Ramin Mandegaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Compression Ultrasound ◽  
Deep Vein

AbstractDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot most commonly found in the leg, which can lead to fatal pulmonary embolism (PE). Compression ultrasound of the legs is the diagnostic gold standard, leading to a definitive diagnosis. However, many patients with possible symptoms are not found to have a DVT, resulting in long referral waiting times for patients and a large clinical burden for specialists. Thus, diagnosis at the point of care by non-specialists is desired. We collect images in a pre-clinical study and investigate a deep learning approach for the automatic interpretation of compression ultrasound images. Our method provides guidance for free-hand ultrasound and aids non-specialists in detecting DVT. We train a deep learning algorithm on ultrasound videos from 255 volunteers and evaluate on a sample size of 53 prospectively enrolled patients from an NHS DVT diagnostic clinic and 30 prospectively enrolled patients from a German DVT clinic. Algorithmic DVT diagnosis performance results in a sensitivity within a 95% CI range of (0.82, 0.94), specificity of (0.70, 0.82), a positive predictive value of (0.65, 0.89), and a negative predictive value of (0.99, 1.00) when compared to the clinical gold standard. To assess the potential benefits of this technology in healthcare we evaluate the entire clinical DVT decision algorithm and provide cost analysis when integrating our approach into diagnostic pathways for DVT. Our approach is estimated to generate a positive net monetary benefit at costs up to £72 to £175 per software-supported examination, assuming a willingness to pay of £20,000/QALY.

scholarly journals Impaired contraction of blood clots precedes and predicts postoperative venous thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Evtugina ◽  
Alina D. Peshkova ◽  
Arseniy A. Pichugin ◽  
John W. Weisel ◽  
Rustem I. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hematologic Tests ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Postoperative Thrombosis ◽  
Clot Contraction ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Contraction Assay

Abstract Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common but unpredictable complication of surgical interventions. To reveal an association between the blood clot contraction (retraction) and the incidence of postoperative venous thrombosis, 78 patients with brain tumors that were operated on were studied, of which 23 (29%) were diagnosed with postoperative DVT. A clot contraction assay, along with other hemostatic and hematologic tests, was performed 1–3 days before the surgery and on the 1st day and 5–7th days after the surgery. On the 1st postoperative day, clot contraction was significantly suppressed in patients who subsequently developed DVT, compared to the patients without DVT. Importantly, this difference was observed at least 5 days before DVT had developed. The weakening of contraction on the 1st postoperative day was more pronounced in the DVT patients with malignant versus benign brain tumors, atherosclerosis, hypertension, as well as in patients receiving steroids before and during the operation. These results indicate that impaired clot contraction in the postoperative period is associated with imminent DVT, suggesting that it is a prothrombotic risk factor and promotional mechanism. The clot contraction assay has a predictive value in assessing the threat of postoperative thrombosis in patients with benign and malignant brain tumors.

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Awareness and Knowledge Gaps In the General Public

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4731-4731
Author(s):  
Jack E Ansell ◽  
Gregory A Maynard ◽  
Richard J Friedman ◽  
Elizabeth A Varga ◽  
Lisa L Fullam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Abstract 4731 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) impose a major public health burden in the United States, affecting an estimated 350,000 to 600,000 individuals and accounting for ~100,000 deaths in the United States each year, according to The Surgeon General's Call to Action (CTA) To Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (2008). In response to this CTA, the National Blood Clot Alliance (NBCA), a national, community-based, non-profit organization dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombosis and thrombophilia, conducted a survey to benchmark DVT/PE awareness among the general public. Little information about the public's knowledge of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is found in the literature, making this one of the most comprehensive, relatively large surveys of its kind. This DVT/PE awareness survey was conducted in November 2009, among a representative cross-section of 500 adults, >20 years, participating in online research panels. Among all respondents surveyed, just 21% said that they had heard of a medical condition called DVT (unaided), and, among this group (n=104), 86% correctly identified it as “deep vein thrombosis” on an aided checklist. Among those respondents who had not heard of a DVT or who had made an incorrect checklist selection (n=411), when DVT was identified for them as “deep vein thrombosis,” 29% then said they knew what it was. Among all respondents, just 16% said that they had heard of a medical condition called PE, and, among this group (n=80), 83% identified it correctly as “pulmonary embolism” on an aided checklist. Awareness of specific DVT risk factors and DVT/PE signs/symptoms was low. Results of this survey show that the medical lexicon poses substantial barriers: only 23% of all respondents reported to know what thrombophilia means and just 9% had heard of VTE. Conversely, 8 in 10 of all respondents said that they do know what a blood clot is, and virtually all respondents (98%) said that they believe blood clots can be life-threatening. The leading factors respondents said they believe are risks for causing blood clots included: family history of blood clots (73%), major trauma (71%), major surgery (69%), and being bedridden (68%), while <60% of respondents mentioned other risk factors, such as cancer, chemotherapy, pregnancy, hormone therapy and birth control pills, or age. The public health impact of DVT/PE is significant, while DVT/PE public awareness, including awareness of important DVT/PE risk factors and signs/symptoms, is disproportionately low. These survey data support recommendations in the Surgeon General's CTA, underscoring the urgent need for education, especially the use of simplified terms, to close gaps in DVT/PE public awareness/knowledge, and can help guide educational initiatives relative to DVT/PE that may contribute to decreased morbidity and mortality. Disclosures: Ansell: Bayer, Inc: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Data Safety Monitoring Boards; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Boehringer Ingleheim: Consultancy; Ortho McNeil: Consultancy; Sanofi Aventis: Speakers Bureau. Brownstein:Ortho-McNeil, Division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Data reported from project supported by Ortho-McNeil, Division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

High incidence of in-hospital pulmonary embolism following joint arthroplasty with dalteparin prophylaxis

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kerr ◽  
Lori-Ann Linkins
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryThe in-hospital incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing elective joint arthroplasty who receive a minimum of 10 days of dalteparin prophylaxis is reported to be less than 1%. Recent clinical experience raised suspicion that the incidence of PE was significantly higher at our tertiary care institution. It was the objective of this study to determine the incidence of in-hospital PE and symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis following elective joint arthroplasty in patients who received a minimum of 10 days of dalteparin prophylaxis. Consecutive charts of patients who underwent elective joint arthroplasty at our institution between January 2008 and June 2008 were reviewed. Data on risk factors for venous thromboembolism, objectively documented venous thromboembolic events, and signs and symptoms of PE were abstracted. Patients who received concomitant warfarin in the postoperative period were excluded. The study population consisted of 437 knee arthroplasty and 246 hip arthroplasty patients. The incidence of in-hospital PE following knee arthroplasty and hip arthroplasty was 4.6% and 0.4%, respectively. One out of every 10 knee patients, and one out of every 20 hip patients underwent testing for pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed a median of 3.5 days after knee arthroplasty. The incidence of in-hospital PE in knee arthroplasty patients who received dalteparin prophylaxis was significantly higher than expected. Potential explanations for this finding include poor efficacy of dalteparin started 12–24 hours postoperatively and/or a low threshold for ordering diagnostic imaging for PE. Studies to clarify these issues are needed.

scholarly journals Positive Association of Mutations in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 Genes with Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE) in Indian Population: A Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clot ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Vkorc1 Gene

Background: Venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) refers to a blood clot that starts in vein. It is the third most common vascular disease in the world, after myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, affecting millions of individuals every year. Two main clinical manifestations of VTE include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), the later one being potentially fatal. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether mutations in two genes VKORC1 and CYP2C9 and subsequent changes in their plasma levels can be used to predict the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Method: A total of five polymorphisms in two genes VKORC1 and CYP2C9 were genotyped in approximately 145 VTE patients and 229 control subjects. The genotyping was done through PCR-RFLP method. Plasma concentrations of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 were estimated using ELISA technique. Results: Genotypic analysis of common polymorphisms in VKORC1 gene showed significantly higher percentage of GG genotype of -1639G>A, CC genotype of 1173 C>T and TT genotype of -497T>G polymorphism in control subjects compared to VTE patients. Also, significantly higher percentage of CC genotype in 416C>T and AA genotype in 1061 A>C polymorphism of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 genes respectively was observed in VTE patients in comparison to healthy controls. In addition to genotypic significance, plasma concentrations of both VKORC1 and CYP2C9 were significantly higher in patients group. Conclusion: All the three polymorphisms in VKORC1 gene; -1639G>A, 1173 C>T and -497T>G and two polymorphism 416C>T and 1061A>C of CYP2C9 gene showed significant association with VTE pathophysiology

scholarly journals Evaluation of coagulation function by rotation thromboelastometry in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Pavoni ◽  
LARA GIANESELLO ◽  
Maddalena Pazzi ◽  
Caterina Stera ◽  
Tommaso Meconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Rotational Thromboelastometry ◽  
Clot Strength ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Coagulation Function ◽  
Secondary Hyperfibrinolysis ◽  
Deep Vein

Abstract Critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia suffered both high thrombotic and bleeding risk. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on coagulation and fibrinolysis is not well known. We conducted a retrospective study of critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) a cause of severe COVID-19 pneumonia and we evaluated coagulation function using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) on day of admission (T0) and 5 (T5) and 10 (T10) days after admission to ICU. Coagulation standard parameters were also evaluated. Forty patients were enrolled into the study. The ICU and the hospital mortality were 10% and 12.5%, respectively. On ICU admission, prothrombin time was slightly reduced and it increased significantly at T10 (T0=65.1±9.8 vs T10=85.7±1.5, p=0.002), while activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen values were higher at T0 than T10 (32.2±2.9 vs 27.2±2.1, p=0.017 and 895.1±110 vs 332.5±50, p= 0.002, respectively); moreover, whole blood thromboelastometry profiles were consistent with hypercoagulability characterized by an acceleration of the propagation phase of blood clot formation [i.e., CFT below the lower limit in INTEM 16/40 patients (40%) and EXTEM 20/40 patients (50%)] and significant higher clot strength [MCF above the upper limit in INTEM 20/40 patients (50%), in EXTEM 28/40 patients (70%) and in FIBTEM 29/40 patients (72.5%)]; however, this hypercoagulable state persists in the first five days, but it decreases ten day after, without returning to normal values. No sign of secondary hyperfibrinolysis or sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) were found during the study period. In six patients (15%) a deep vein thrombosis and in 2 patients (5%) a thromboembolic event, were found; 12 patients (30%) had a catheter-related thrombosis. ROTEM analysis confirms that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had a hypercoagulation state that persisted over time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document