Financial vulnerability and the impact of COVID-19 on American households

In May 2020, Westat, in partnership with Stanford University School of Medicine, conducted a nationally-representative household survey of American attitudes and behaviors regarding COVID-19. In this article, we examine what the Coronavirus Attitudes and Behaviors Survey tells us about the impact of COVID-19 on financial status and how this impact varies by demographic characteristics, the presence of health risk factors, and financial status (including employment factors). The survey reveals significant inequality in financial impact, as those who were most financially vulnerable prior to the pandemic found themselves under greater financial strain, while those who were more financially secure have experienced a neutral or even positive impact of the pandemic on household finances. These findings have important implications for public policy as policymakers seek to target aid to those who need it most.

The Development of Environment & Occupation Likelihood Scale on Workers Mental Health Status

Daily work activities are among the sources of stress to humans. Typically, each individual will spend 1/3 of their day at work. It is no exaggeration to say that 1/3 affects the other 2/3. Appropriate assessments should be conducted to assess what employment factors and the work environment contribute to this. This study explains the development process and the use of the Environmental & Occupational Probability Scale screening form on mental health status or known as SKiPP. This assessment can be used to measure both of these factors on the mental health status of employees based on the DASS21 score. Keywords: DASS21; Person-Environment-Occupation model; Work-related stress eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3068

BMC Nursing Tittle Meal Taking Behavior of Nurses in Government Health Clinics in Selangor and Its Associated Factors - A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction Meal taking behaviour MTB covers a broad definition, from food motive, pattern, dieting and diet related diseases. There are many factors that may affect MTB including social and environmental factors. Nurses were found to skip meals, take high calories food and fast foods. A good MTB is important for nurses ‘health, maintaining good job performance and as role model to the public.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 178 staff nurses of public health clinics in Selangor who have fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria Data was collected from September 2020 till March 2021 using pre-tested and validated self-administered questionnaire. Cronbach alpha were 0.78 for knowledge and 0.71 for MTB. Data was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 involving descriptive and inferential statistics. All ethical approval was obtained from ethical committees and written consent were received from all the respondents.Result: The response rate was 97%. Findings showed 42% of respondents had poor MTB, 47.1% had poor nutritional knowledge and 58.9% of nurses were overweight and obese. There was significant association between MTB with source of foods (breakfast and dinner) with p= 0.016 and p<0.001 and eating companion during lunch (p=0.003). Other factors, such as sociodemographic, working and employment factors were found to have not statistically significant association.Conclusion: MTB showed to be a problem among nurses at the study location with a 42.9% of them had poor MTB and half of them nurses have weight problem. We found that MTB is significantly associated with their food source and eating companion. Intervention should be taken to improve the MTB of nurses.

Barriers to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing reported by healthcare workers during the first pandemic wave at an academic center in Boston, Massachusetts

Healthcare workers (HCWs) experience barriers to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing specific to their perceptions of access, and employment factors. A survey was sent to all employees at one Boston hospital to examine their perceived barriers to testing. HCWs who reported difficulty paying their bills were less likely to receive a SARS-CoV-2 test.

Anxiety Level of Pregnant Mother in Facing Childbirth

Background: Pregnancy is a dramatic episode of biological conditions, psychological changes, and adaptation for any woman experiencing it. Aim: Some women may assume that pregnancy is an inevitable nature to pass, while others deem it a determining event between life and death event for a new chapter of life. Some researches reveal the increasing level of anxiety shared by pregnant women at the time of delivery. Methods: This study used an observational analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The samples were 74 respondents taken using quota sampling. It applied the standard questionnaire for data collection, the HARS questionnaire. The data were then analyzed with bivariate data of Chi-Square. It is revealed that 55.4% of respondents experienced anxiety, which was triggered by several factors, including employment factors (ρ = 0.001), parity (ρ = 0.001), and maternal age factors (0.021). Results: Women facing childbirth in Gamping II Primary Health Center mostly experienced anxiety due to risky age with ρ = 0.002, primigravida with ρ = 0.001. In contrast, the mothers with low education experienced anxiety with ρ = 0.080, and pregnant women with low education experienced ρ = 0.001. Keywords: Anxiety, pregnant women, childbirth

Analysis for Employment Preference of Undergraduate Accounting Students in Oman

The sole purpose of this study was to study the relative importance of different employment factors which affect the students’ choice for employment. In this study the factors that affect the choice of employability was studied. This was conducted among the undergraduate accounting students of the University. The factor analysis was done by using the principal component extraction method. The Varimax rotation extraction was used. This gave us three factors that explained 57.593 percent of the variance. In this study, the following factor was significant as per the factor analysis, which was named as a financial outcome. The variables were starting salary, ability to work independently and future prospects. According to this study, we can see the most important variables that were identified with the help of factor analysis, which were good income and accounting knowledge, starting salary, the ability to work independently, future prospects, and employer’s reputation, which accounted for the cumulative contribution rate that reached 57.593%.

Prevalence of the HDI: Alternative consideration of employment factors from 30 OECD countries

The HDI has played an influential role in the debate on human development for many years. However, no index is perfect in the HDI. It can be argued that the current HDI does not totally reflect human development performance, and thus proper rankings for some countries. Therefore, this article aims to construct a new composite index for the development performance of a sample of 30 organizations for OECD countries by adding a fourth indicator, namely the employment rate to the calculation of HDI. Including employment factors in HDI as a new indicator has not only made the index more comprehensive but also presented a more suitable dimension for assessing the development performance of countries. By considering these factors, it is hoped that people will get a decent income in order to achieve a level of welfare.

Measurement and Analysis of Differences in The Impact of The Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) Based on The Mann Whitney Test

This research is a non-parametric statistical measurement form which use the Mann Whitney Test. The aim is to determine whether or not there are differences in the impact of the implementation of the PSBB as a result of Covid-19 pandemic in the Surabaya, Gresik and Sidoarjo areas through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews, a sample of 134 people who were distributed in the 3 regions obtained. From the results of repeated simulations, measurements and testing to answer existing hypotheses, it can be seen that there are 3 things that are the conclusions of this study. The first conclusion, that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas, which use α = 5%, the value obtained Zcount = -0.65745 is higher than Ztabel = +/- 1.96. It is in the receiving area which means H0 or the hypothesis that there is no difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation between Sidoarjo and Surabaya areas cannot be rejected. The second conclusion, that there are differences in the impact of the PSBB implementation in the Surabaya and Gresik areas with the result that the value of Zcount = -2.28792 is lower than Ztable. The same thing happened in the third test, there was a significant difference in the impact of the PSBB implementation in Sidoarjo and Gresik areas. Furthermore, in the descriptive analysis, there are several factors were found which effect the three tests result, as follows: geographic, demographic, social, cultural and employment factors.

Risk factor analysis stress in retirement

Stress is the reaction of the body to circumstances which cause pressure, shift, emotional distress, it can cause stress in the elderly who have retired. The aim of the research was find the factors that cause stress in retired elderly people. This research was used methods of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Samples were collected in the Bangbayang Village Government Area through snowball sampling of as many as 7 (seven) elderly retirees. The results of this study indicate that of the elderly with ages of 60 years up to 2 people, 63 years up to 1 person, 66 years up to 1 person, 1 person 70 years old, 1 person 74 years old and 1 person 75 years old. There are five factors that cause stress in older retirees, such as: factors of social support, factors of economic status, current employment factors, factors of self-acceptance, and factors of life independence. Of the five stress-causing causes, 3 main factors faced by certain elderly pensioners are related to aspects of social care, economic stability, current employment.