Method for estimating mass content of paraffins in Achimov condensates based on chromatographic data

The paraffin content in production well streams must be monitored to assess the risks of wax formation during the production, transportation, and treatment of hydrocarbons. This is especially important when operating Achimov reservoirs containing fluids with a high content of heavy paraffin-type hydrocarbons. The standard approach for determining the paraffin content in oil using certified methods involves a long process of sample preparation and separation in selective columns followed by freezing out of paraffin from toluene extract. An urgent task is to find methods for the rapid assessment of paraffin content in condensates. The article considers a method for estimating the mass content of paraffins in condensates based on chromatographic data on the component-fractional and component-group composition of degassed condensate. The authors provide a comparison of the mass fraction of paraffins obtained by the proposed method and measured by the standard certified method.

Quyu Shengxin Decoction Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Suppressing RIP1/RIP3/NLRP3 Signalling

Purpose. To study the therapeutic effect of Quyu (QY) Shengxin (SX) decoction (QYSXD) in mice with dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis and to investigate the effects of QYSXD on the regulation of the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1)/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. Method. Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: the experimental group (QYSX group), the model group (DSS group), the positive control group (5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group), the control group, the first component group (QY group), and the second component group (SX group). Each group included 6 mice. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced in the mice by providing 3.5% DSS in drinking water. The mice were weighed every day to evaluate the disease activity index (DAI). After 7 days, the mice were sacrificed, and colonic tissues were obtained for colon length measurement. The morphological changes in the colon and the pathological scores of the mice in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of RIP1, RIP3, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), NLRP3, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in the colon tissues of the mice in each group were detected and compared by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of RIP1, RIP3, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-8 in the colonic mucosa were detected by ELISA. Western blotting was used to compare the protein expression of Drp1, caspase-1, mitochondrial fission protein 1 (FIS1), and mitophagy-associated protein light chain 3a/b (LC3a/b) among groups. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the colonic mucosal cells were compared by immunofluorescence. Results. Compared with those in the DSS group, the mice with DSS-induced colitis in the QYSX group exhibited clearly higher body weights ( P < 0.05 ) and DAI scores ( P < 0.05 ). The colon lengths of the mice in the QYSX group were longer than those in the DSS group ( P < 0.05 ), and the pathological score of the QYSX group was lower than that of the DSS group ( P < 0.05 ). The RIP1, RIP3, Drp1, IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 mRNA levels in the QYSX, 5-ASA, SX, and QY groups were significantly lower than those in the DSS group ( P < 0.05 ), but there were no differences between the QYSX group and the 5-ASA group. The levels of RIP1, RIP3, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in the QYSX group were lower than those in the DSS group ( P < 0.01 ). The levels of Drp1, caspase-1, FIS1, and LC3a/b in the QYSX group and the 5-ASA group were lower than those in the DSS group ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of ROS in the colonic mucosal cells in the QYSX, 5-ASA, and QY groups were lower than those in the DSS group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. QYSXD has certain therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis in mice and may be as effective as 5-ASA. QY and SX decoctions also have certain effects on colitis; however, these decoctions are not as beneficial as QYSXD. QYSXD may ameliorate colitis by inhibiting the expression of RIP1/RIP3/NLRP3 pathway-related proteins and reversing mitochondrial dysfunction to control inflammation.

Process evaluation of the Sophia Step Study- a primary care based three-armed randomized controlled trial using self-monitoring of steps with and without counseling in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Background Describing implementation features of an intervention is required to compare interventions and to inform policy and best practice. The aim of this study was to conduct a process evaluation of the first 12 months of the Sophia Step Study: a primary care based RCT evaluating a multicomponent (self-monitoring of daily steps plus counseling) and a single component (self-monitoring of steps only) physical activity intervention to standard care on cardiometabolic health. Methods The evaluation was guided by the Medical Research Council Guidance for complex interventions. To describe the implementation communication with the health professionals implementing the interventions, attendance records and tracking of days with self-monitored pedometer-determined steps were used. Change in physical activity behaviour was measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months as daily steps by accelerometry. Results During April 2013 to January 2018 188 participants were randomized and intervened directly after inclusion. Response rate was 49% and drop out was 10%. A majority, 78%, had type 2 diabetes and 22% were diagnosed with prediabetes. Mean [Standard deviation (SD)] body mass index was 30.4 (4.4) kg/m2 and steps per day was 6566 (3086). The interventions were delivered as intended with minor deviation from the protocol and dose received was satisfying for both the multicomponent and single component group. The mean [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] change in daily steps from baseline to 6 months was 941(227, 1655) steps/day for the multicomponent intervention group, 990 (145, 1836) step/day for the single component group and − 506 (− 1118, 107) for the control group. The mean (95% CI) change in daily steps from baseline to 12 months was 31(− 507, 570) steps/day for the multicomponent intervention group, 144 (− 566, 853) step/day for the single component group and − 890 (− 1485, − 294) for the control group. There was a large individual variation in daily steps at baseline as well as in step change in all three groups. Conclusions Applying self-monitoring of steps is a feasible method to implement as support for physical activity in the primary care setting both with and without counseling support. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02374788. Registered 2 March 2015.

System Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate Core Component Group and Molecular Mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the Treatment of Gbm

BackgroundXuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has many pharmacological effects, including enhancing immune function, improving hemorheology and regulating blood vessels bidirectionally. Modern pharmacological and clinical studies showed that XFZYD could ameliorate curative effect of glioblastoma (GBM). The aim of this study was to interpret core components and the hidden molecular mechanisms of XFZYD on GBM. MethodsHere, a novel network pharmacology strategy, which combined pharmacological data, next generation sequencing data, pharmacokinetic parameters and a novel node importance calculation method was designed to decipher the potential therapeutic mechanism of XFZYD on GBM. The partial components in core component group (CCG) were evaluated by in vitro expriments. We identified 117 chemical components analysis through ADME screening, then component-target network and GBM related genes were integrated as the component-target-pathogenic gene (C-T-P) network. ResultsThe results show that the enriched pathways of targets in the key functional network could cover 77.92% of the enriched pathways of pathogenic genes. A novel cumulative contribution rate (CCR) calculation model was designed and captured CCG with 21 components. The statistics results indicate that 15 enriched pathways of the targets of CCG were overlap with pathogenic genes enriched pathways. Finally, some core components in CCG were validated by in vitro experiments. ConclusionThe results show that our proposed stategy for decoding CCG and infering the underlying mechanism with good reliability and accuracy. The validation results indicate that the CCG play a therapeutic role on GBM by targeting to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Our strategy provides methodological reference for the optimization and secondary development of TCM formula.

Product configuration system development for CAD/CAM software

The application designed in this research establishes a connection between Autodesk Inventor and Edgecam. In case of the component-group the automatic toolpath generation is efficiently usable even in changing product palette. The perfect CAD model with the suitable toolpath is generated in just 92 seconds with only 20 clicks. The application takes into account the used technological considerations through the manufacturing. The program is reliably usable from the first machining because the automatically filled parameters minimizes the possibility of errors. The solution increases the reliability of the quotation (even for ERP systems) because it ensures valid process time and toolset.

Process Evaluation of the Sophia Step Study-A Primary Care Based Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial Using Self-Monitoring of Steps With and Without Counseling in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Background Describing implementation features of an intervention is required to compare interventions and to inform policy and best practice. The aim of this study was to conduct a process evaluation of the first 12 months of the Sophia Step Study: a primary care based RCT evaluating a multicomponent (self-monitoring of daily steps plus counseling) and a single component (self-monitoring of steps only) physical activity intervention to standard care on cardiometabolic health. Methods The evaluation was guided by the Medical Research Council Guidance for complex interventions. To describe the implementation communication with the health professionals implementing the interventions, attendance records and tracking of days with self-monitored pedometer-determined steps were used. Change in physical activity behaviour was measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months as daily steps by accelerometry. Results From April 2013 to January 2018 188 participants were randomized. Response rate was 49% and drop out was 10%. The interventions were delivered as intended with minor deviation from the protocol and dose received was satisfying for both the multicomponent and single component group. The mean [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] change in daily steps from baseline to 6 months was 941(227, 1655) steps/day for the multicomponent intervention group, 990 (145, 1836) step/day for the single component group and -506 (-1118, 107) for the control group. The mean (95% CI) change in daily steps from baseline to 12 months was 31(-507, 570) steps/day for the multicomponent intervention group, 144 (-566, 853) step/day for the single component group and -890 (-1485, -294) for the control group. There was a large individual variation in daily steps at baseline as well as in step change in all three groups.Conclusions Applying self-monitoring of steps is a feasible method to implement as support for physical activity in the primary care setting both with and without counseling support. While physical activity levels increased after 6 months, maintenance of physical activity is a more realistic expectation in the long term. Physical activity behavior varies among individuals and support for physical activity should be tailored to the person. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02374788. Registered 2 March 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02374788

Analytic Tools

This chapter goes to the transcendental level, i.e., take an embedding ι‎ : E → ℂ, and extend the ground field to ℂ. The entirety of this chapter works over ℂ and therefore suppresses the subscript ℂ. It begins with the cuspidal parameters and the representation 𝔻λ‎ at infinity. Next, the chapter defines the square-integrable cohomology as well as the de Rham complex. Finally, cuspidal cohomology is addressed. Here, the chapter looks at the cohomological cuspidal spectrum and the consequence of multiplicity one and strong multiplicity one. It also shows the character of the component group I, before dropping the assumption that we are working over ℂ and go back to our coefficient system 𝓜̃λ‎,E defined over E.

Rebiopsy in patients with or without prior TKIs revealed complicated histology of lung cancer.

e20525 Background: The important of rebiopsy is well known in lung adenocarcinomas (ADs) after acquiring resistant to TKIs, for they may transform to SCLC. But histology transformation in non-ADs or ADs without TKIs seems infrequent. Methods: We performed a retrospective collection of cases with changed histology after rebiopsy in patients presenting from January 2015 to April 2018 in a single center. Results: Among 188 patients who conducted rebiopsy, there were 20 cases presenting changed histologic type, which can be divided into two groups based on if TKIs were used before histology change. Group1 (TKIs used, N = 14) including ADs changing to SCLC (N = 9), squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) (N = 2), carcinosarcoma combined with few AD component (N = 1), SCLC combined AD (N = 1), and adenosquamous carcinoma changing to SCLC (N = 1). Four cases in group 1 went through surgery, and one of them who never smoke was diagnosed as AD (pT2N0M1a, EGFR exon 19del), with no small cell carcinoma (SCC) component found, but rebiopsy of metastasis revealed SCC without any AD component after 3 months of gefitinib. The disease continued to progress during the following chemotherapy (CT), and biopsies with other two metastases also presented SCC without AD component. Group 2 were 6 cases without TKIs before the rebiopsy (Table). Case 2, 4, 6 were all heavy smokers. Rebiopsy of case 2 was ALK+, so the patient took 4 months crizotinib and then 2 months alectinib, the disease was still stable on January 6, 2019. Case 5 was a classic extensive-stage SCLC with fast response to EP therapy, but fast relapse and resistance to the following CT, and the primary lesion at right upper lobe showed AD-like imaging, so rebiopsy was performed and carcinoma favor AD was found. EGFR exon 19del was detected in the plasma, and the lesion gain PR after one month of icotinib. The third biopsy of the progress lesion came back to SCC after resistance to TKI. Conclusions: Rebiopsy of lung cancers with or without TKIs therapy revealed diversity histology changes. This reminded us the important of rebiopsy, not only for TKIs resistant lung ADs. [Table: see text]