The Effect of TGT Model on Student Cognitive Learning Outcomes: The Concept of Relay Running

TGT cooperative type learning, as a game-based learning methodology, provides opportunities for students to develop skills in group interactions in small groups and work together with others. The world of learning today needs phenomena like this. This study aimed to determine the effect of the TGT cooperative type learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes on the topic of relay running. This quantitative study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The samples involved were 70 students from two different experimental and control classes. The data collection instrument in this study was 10 essay test questions validated and tested. The results showed an effect of the TGT cooperative type learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes. The achievement test score for the TGT group was 81.67, while the control group was 75.75. It implies that the TGT group performed superior in cognitive learning outcomes when compared to the control group. Thus, it is concluded that the TGT cooperative type learning model can be recommended in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes on the concept of relay running.

Do Adolescents With ADHD Have a Self-Perception Bias for Their ADHD Symptoms and Impairment?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-perception bias (SPB) in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The SPB was defined as adolescent underestimation of their learning and behavior problems in comparison to parent- or teacher-reports or a standardized achievement test. The sample comprised 74 adolescents, ages 13 to 18 (40 ADHD; 34 comparison). Compared to adolescents without ADHD, adolescents with ADHD underreported their symptoms and impairment when parent-reports, but not teacher-reports were the indicator of performance. Adolescents with ADHD, however, reported more difficulties in all areas of functioning than adolescents without ADHD. In the sample of adolescents with ADHD, self- and parent-reports of learning problems, but not teacher-reports, were significantly associated with adolescent total academic achievement test score. Adolescents with learning problems as measured by the achievement test, and social problems as rated by parents, reported higher levels of these difficulties than adolescents whose functioning was in the average range; however, adolescents with clinical levels of oppositional behaviors, as rated by parents or teachers, did not report elevated levels of these behaviors. Depressive symptoms were associated with a lower SPB. Implications of these findings for psychologists’ use of self-report measures with adolescents with ADHD are discussed.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR ALAT UKUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF PADA SISWA KELAS X DI SMK AL-WASHLIYAH 4 MEDAN

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa pada pelajaran Alat Ukur dengan penggunaan Multimedia Interaktif.(2) Mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran Alat Ukur dengan penggunaan multimedia interaktif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMK Al-Washliyah 4 terdiri dari satu kelas dengan jumlah sampel 32 orang. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah penguatan struktur kognitif yang diukur melalui hasil belajar dan aktifitas belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 siklus, siklus pertama terdiri dari 2 pertemuan dan siklus kedua terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Tes hasil belajar dilakukan di akhir setiap siklus. Tes hasil belajar terdiri dari 20 soal. Hasil penelitian yaitu : (1) Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan dari peningkatan rata-rata skor tes hasil belajar sebesar 3,78 poin, persentase ketuntasan sebesar 61,50% dan peningkatan nilai tes hasil belajar dengan nilai Gain ternormalisasi sebesar 0,31 berkategori sedang. (2) Penggunaan multimedia interaktif macromedia flash dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dengan hasil observasi terhadap aktivitas pembelajaran guru di kelas, aktifitas belajar siswa meningkat sebesar 32.81%, yaitu dari 46,14% pada siklus pertama menjadi 78,96% pada siklus kedua. Hal ini menunjukan aktifitas belajar tergolong pada kategori aktif. Kata Kunci: aktivitas dan hasil belajar alat ukur, menggunakan multimedia interaktif Abstract: This study aimed to: (1) Determine the increased activity of students in a lesson Measurement with the use of Interactive Multimedia. (2) Determine improving student learning outcomes in the subject Measuring the use of interactive multimedia. This research is a class act. The subjects were all students of class X SMK Al-Washliyah 4 consist of one class with a sample size of 32 people. The object of this research is to strengthen the cognitive structure as measured through learning outcomes and learning activities of students in learning. This study consisted of two cycles, the first cycle consists of two meetings and the second cycle consists of two meetings. Achievement test conducted at the end of each cycle. Achievement test consisting of 20 questions. Results of the study are: (1) There is an increased student learning outcomes as indicated by the increase in the average achievement test score of 3.78 points, the percentage of completeness of 61.50% and an increase in test scores of learning outcomes with Gain normalized value of 0.31 moderate category. (2) Use of Macromedia Flash interactive multimedia can enhance the activity with the result of observation of teachers in the classroom learning activities, and learning activities of students increased by 32.81%, from 46.14% in the first cycle into 78.96% in the second cycle. This shows the learning activities belonging to the active category. Keywords: activity and learning outcomes measurement tool, using interactive multimedia

Pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran patiseri untuk siswa tingkat XI SMK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengembangkan multimedia pembelajaran patiseri pada standar kompetensi mengolah kue pastry kontinental untuk siswa tingkat XI SMK yang layak dari aspek pembelajaran, materi, dan media; 2) mengetahui keefektifan multimedia pembelajaran patiseri yang dikembangan terhadap penguasaan kompetensi belajar mengolah kue pastry kontinental dilihat dari peningkatan skor tes hasil belajar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan. Subyek penelitian adalah 36 siswa, untuk uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba lapangan. Validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli materi dan ahli media. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif.Hasil penilaian ahli materi dan ahli media menunjukkan bahwa kualitas multimedia “baik”. Penilaian siswa pada uji coba lapangan mengenai kualitas multimedia dari aspek pembelajaran, aspek materi dan aspek media “sangat baik“, dengan rerata skor dari ketiga aspek 4,49. Hasil pretes menunjukkan rerata sebesar 63,15 sedangkan rerata pada posttes sebesar 89,07. N-gain sebesar 0,72 termasuk kategori “tinggi”. Kesimpulannya: multimedia pembelajaran patiseri hasil pengembangan layak dignakan untuk media pembelajaran dan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. DEVELOPING PATISSERIE TEACHING MULTIMEDIA FOR GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SMKAbstractThe research aims to: 1) develop the patisserie teaching multimedia at the standard competency for continental pastry for eleventh grade vocational students in patisserie program which is appropriate in terms of teaching aspect, material aspect, and media aspet; 2) reveal the effectiveness of the developed patisserie teaching multimedia at the standard competency forcontinental pastry, which is seen from the increase in the learning achievement test score. This research is a research and development. The subjects of the research are 36 students.The students are devided into two groups: small group trials and field trials. The data were analyzed by using the discriptive technique.The results of the product validation from the material expert and media expert show that the quality of the developed patisserie teaching multimedia is “good”. The assessment of the students on the field trial of the quality of the multimedia from the teaching aspect, material aspect and media aspect get the score “very good”. This shows that the quality of the developed patisserie teaching multimedia is in a “very good” category. The average score from the three aspects is 4.49 and it can be used as a patisserie teaching multimedia. The students’ average score from the pretest is 63.25 while from the posttest is 89.07. Based on the pretest and posttest scores the n-gain is 0.72, and it is included in a “high category”. Therefore the patisserie teaching multimedia is effective to improve the students’ learning achievement.

Pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran pada standar kompetensi memperbarui halaman web di SMK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan produk multimedia pembelajaran standar kompetensi Memperbarui Halaman Web yang layak dan sesuai kebutuhan siswa, (2) mengetahui efektivitas multimedia pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian dan pengembangan dengan tiga tahapan yaitu perencanaan, desain dan pengembangan. Setelah produk awal selesai, dilakukan evaluasi formatif (validasi kelayakan produk oleh ahli materi dan ahli media), Beta Test I dan Beta Test II. Pada tahap akhir dilakukan evaluasi sumatif. Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kelayakan produk pada komponen lingkup pembelajaran diperoleh skor sebesar 4,51, pertimbangan afektif diperoleh skor sebesar 4,73, informasi pelengkap sebesar 4,66, antarmuka sebesar 4,46, navigasi sebesar 4.68, pedagogi sebesar 4.64, dan ketahanan produk sebesar 4.47. (2) hasil belajar siswa pada saat pretest diperoleh rerata sebesar 6,34 sedangkan hasil belajar siswa pada posttest diperoleh rerata sebesar 8,47. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diperoleh N-Gain sebesar 0,71 (tergolong klasifikasi tinggi). Berdasarkan N-Gain yang tinggi maka produk Multimedia Pembelajaran efektif untuk meningkatkan skor test hasil belajar. DEVELOPING LEARNING MULTIMEDIA STANDAR COMPETENCY UPDATING WEB PAGE IN SMKAbstractThis research aims to (1) obtain feasible learning materials which meet satisfy the learning need of the ten-year students majoring multimedia and (2) find out the effectiveness of their learning process in the standar competency Updating Web Pages as reflected by their achievement test score increase. Comprising three main stages: planning, designing, and developing, it includes formatif evaluation as the initial result emerges. Alpha Test is carried out to validate its media content feasibility, Beta Test I and Beta Test II. By the end of stages summative evaluation. Data are processed in descriptive analysis. Research results in (1) the very high level of feasibilty in content coverage component (scored 4,51), affective consideation (4,73), information Adequace (4,66), interface (4,46), navigation (4,68), pedagogical (4,64), and robustness (4,47); (2) the high level of students’ achievements progress students average score is 6,34 in pretest as compared to 8,47 in posttest, which mean 0,71 N-Gain. The high level of N-Gain leads to a conclusion that the multimedia learning material for the standar competency Updating Web Pages is effective to increase achievement score.

High School Size, Achievement Equity, and Cost

The past decade has occasioned a dramatic increase in research on relationships between school size and a variety of outcomes, including measured achievement, high school completion rates, and postsecondary enrollment rates. An interesting interaction effect which has been found in replications across seven very different states is that as school size increases, the "achievement test score costs" associated with the proportion of economically disadvantaged students enrolled in a school also increase. In short, as schools get larger, average achievement among schools enrolling larger proportions of low socioeconomic-status students suffers. A traditional argument against smaller schools, however, is that they are simply

Visual-Motor Coordination and Intelligence as Predictors of Reading, Mathematics, and Written Language Ability

Previous research on the relationship between visual-motor coordination and academic achievement has been equivocal and has frequently not included controls for the effect of intelligence on achievement. In the present study, scores on three tests of children's visual-motor coordination correlated moderately to highly with scores on a test of reading, mathematics, and written language for a sample of 44 elementary school children referred for learning difficulties. Multiple regression analyses indicated that visual-motor coordination scores accounted for little unique achievement test score variance when IQs were included in the equations.

An Empirical Study of the Zajonc-Markus Hypothesis for Achievement Test Score Declines

Zajonc has proposed that the decline in high school achievement since 1965 can be explained by the trend from 1947 to 1962 toward larger, closer-spaced families. This deduction is based on the Zajonc-Markus theory relating child spacing to intellectual development. The present study tested this theory with data on students in Iowa high schools. The size of the interval between children was found in selected instances to be related to achievement in families of three or more children, but the results were not consistent for every family size nor from child to child in the birth sequence. Overall, the results raise doubt that population trends in child spacing account for the decline in achievement test scores.