LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF INTERLINGUAL COMMUNICATION

The article dwells on the linguocultural issues of interlingual communication. Interlingual communication is presented in the article by translation while linguocultural means are viewed as expressive tools used to construct a national worldview where the expressive function is of paramount importance. The major task in rendering the expressive function in translation is to achieve equivalence, i.e. creation such a situation in the process of interlingual communication where the emotional response of a source-text reader could be equal to that of a target-text reader. It is important to take into account intercultural peculiarities of emotion manifestation while analyzing the degree of emotionality and expressiveness of a work of fiction in different languages. This is accounted for a double nature of emotions. They are viewed as a universal psychic phenomenon, physiological experience, on the one hand, and as an emotional concept characterized by specific culturally-related wording and perception, on the other hand. Though emotions are of universal character, the typological structure of emotional lexicon is different in different languages having very clear national peculiarities. This proves that a language is not a mirror reflection of the world and serves as one more evidence that the world of emotions and the world of language means do not coincide. In the paper, linguocultural means to denote various emotions peculiar for a Ukrainian text and the ways of their rendering in an English text in the process of interlingual communication have been considered. It requires, first and foremost, besides the analysis of the ways of translation of expressive means in a source-text and a target-text also analyze their reception in accepting culture. Expressive information in the text under consideration and its translation version is rendered by a large arsenal of stylistic means which facilitate the perception and assessment by a reader and a translator of a work of fiction and revealing its emotional potential. It has been established that among the basic expressive means to denote expressive information in interlingual communication are phonetic and graphic, word-building or morphological, lexical, phraseological, and syntactic ones. As a result of the research performed, it has been revealed that the author and the reader, and in the translation process also the translator, are the major agents in the act of communication realizing the principle of anthropocentrism according to which a human being is the completion of universe evolution.

Complementarity of Contexts As a Methodological Principle of Psychology

The article proposes a solution to the methodological crisis of modern psycho­logical science and practice using the methodology of the contextual approach. To ensure a combination of conflicting psychological concepts without their mu­tual reduction, it is proposed to use support on the principle of complementarity. The application of this principle to the description of the phenomenon of context itself allows us to present it both as a static structure (semantic field) and as a dy­namic process (semantization of mental contents). Additional are also the de­scription of the context as a mental phenomenon and as an epistemological study. In this regard, we can distinguish the broad (sociocultural conditions) and narrow (methodology of cognition) contexts of scientific research. It is proposed that all descriptions of the subject of research in various contexts be considered not as full-volume, but as describing a given object only partially. The combina­tion of descriptions of the psychic phenomenon obtained in additional contexts provides coverage of different levels and types of its representations in a single multidimensional system of psychological knowledge.

On the thinking space

The article examines some aspects of the mental space, the psychic one, and the internal space of thinking. The psychic space is not considered a “psychic reflection of the sensory stimuli” insofar as the first psychic movements that presuppose psychic space are not related to the sensory (for example, the prenatal states). The psychic space arises at the same time as the very psychic phenomenon. Some forms of changes in the mental space, and in the internal space of thinking, as well as the emergence of self-intentional states are also considered

Social Laser Model for the Bandwagon Effect: Generation of Coherent Information Waves

During recent years our society has often been exposed to coherent information waves of high amplitudes. These are waves of huge social energy. Often they are of destructive character, a kind of information tsunami. However, they can also carry positive improvements in human society, as waves of decision-making matching rational recommendations of societal institutes. The main distinguishing features of these waves are their high amplitude, coherence (homogeneous character of social actions generated by them), and short time needed for their generation and relaxation. Such waves can be treated as large-scale exhibitions of the bandwagon effect. We show that this socio-psychic phenomenon can be modeled based on the recently developed social laser theory. This theory can be used to model stimulated amplification of coherent social actions. “Actions” are treated very generally, from mass protests to votes and other collective decisions, such as, e.g., acceptance (often unconscious) of some societal recommendations. In this paper, we concentrate on the theory of laser resonators, physical vs. social. For the latter, we analyze in detail the functioning of Internet-based echo chambers. Their main purpose is increasing of the power of the quantum information field as well as its coherence. Of course, the bandwagon effect is well known and well studied in social psychology. However, social laser theory gives the possibility to model it by using general formalism of quantum field theory. The paper contains the minimum of mathematics and it can be read by researchers working in psychological, cognitive, social, and political sciences; it might also be interesting for experts in information theory and artificial intelligence.

The problem of connection of observer’s mind with quantum-mechanical description of physical reality

Introduction: the study considers the problem of observer’s status during specific quantum-mechanical experiments, in which the empirical result directly depends on the participation of the experimenter's mind. Here the problem arises of the connection between the mind of the observer and the quantum-mechanical description of physical reality. The paper pays attention to modern trends in physics and philosophy devoted to the study of this phenomenon. Some aspects of the philosophical interpretation of the mind as a quantum mechanism are presented.Materials and Methods: the research materials demonstrate an overview of several common quantum-philosophical theories. Attempts have been made to search for the connection of quantum phenomena with the mechanisms of the functioning of human mind. The experimental background of quantum physics is demonstrated, providing material for analyzing the possibility of applying modern quantum theory to the question of identifying the relationship of the quantum approach and describing the problem of the influence of the observer’s mind on the result of a physical experiment.Results: the concept of quantum mechanics, taking into account the latest achievements and results of physics, philosophy and psychology, allows us to consider the mind of the observer as an integral part of the mechanism responsible for the formation of the surrounding physical reality. The anthropic principle of participation considered in the work gives the observer's mind a special role allowing to form a quantum-mechanical description of physical reality.Discussion and conclusions: it is shown that the mind of the observer plays an important role in quantum theory. Moreover, mind as a psychic phenomenon may be in fact identical with the quantum-mechanical concept of choosing an alternative. Given the fact that the brain's thought processes influence the measurement results, it can be assumed that mind changes quantum probabilities. This assumption allows us to take a different look at the concept of reality itself.

TURBULENCE OF THINKING WITHIN THE STRUCTURE OF INFORMATIONAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY OF PERSONALITY

The author has developed unique structural- functional model of information- psychological security (IPS), where turbulence phenomena development and usage is a great part. To explain the essence of «turbulence of thinking» and the ways of its formation from IPS point of view.«Turbulence of thinking» is a specific cognitive process, based on informal and heuristic approach to situational analysis and decision-making (experience, creativity, intuition, adroitness, inventiveness etc). Such way of thinking could be formed both by the way of focused actions from the state and civil society (informational culture formation, new type of educational space creation (so called «heuristic education»)) and by the way of personal self-improvement (lateral thinking, psychic energy management ability, definite personality aspects and behavioral strategies development).IPS threat because of various destructive turbulent phenomena is a very acute problem nowadays. There is need to find the ways of adequate reaction to this problem. Educational process changes to form corresponding informational cultural level for people, ability of heuristic thinking and, consequently, ability to stand effectively against various informational challenges and manipulative impacts are very necessary at present. The main personal protective mechanisms are informational security culture formation and informational self-defense ability development. Turbulence as a specific neuro-psychic phenomenon is an effective mechanism in the IPS structure and it has been formed by the means of actualization, special educational and self-educational personal procedures.

Philosophical Discourse in Psychology of C. Jung

The article considers the role of philosophical concepts and philosophical ideas in the psychological works of C. Jung, owing to which he achieved the results. He was able to deeply and thoroughly comprehend the studied psychological phenomenon: the unconscious and its components. This led him to conclusions far beyond the boundaries of psychology, in the sphere of philosophy and cultural studies. Using the principle of determinism, Jung discovered and analyzed psychological causal relationships. He showed that the interaction of culture and nature in man provides him with a movement towards gaining his integrity. At the same time, Jung identified and considered options for the interaction of nature and culture in man. Through the dialectics of subject and object, Jung defined his position in understanding of unconscious and attitude to the concept of Freud. Jung explained the process of interaction between consciousness and the unconscious using energetic approach which was popular in philosophy in the beginning of 20 century. This particular approach allows the scientist to conclude that every psychic phenomenon is a manifestation of human vitality and energy. Energy itself is neither destructive nor creative. Quality gives it value, giving direction to human life, as energy takes its course. Jung formulated the theme of human life and destiny, and examined it through the prism of the influence of the unconscious. Possession of the dialectical style of thinking allowed him to form his research methodology. He shows that, along with socialization, individualization is important for the individual, ensuring individuality and integrity.

Jung and the Individuation

This article presents an analysis of the Jungian conception about the development of personality and a brief consideration about this process and the social formation of the individual as understood by other authors. Thus, after a synthesis of the conception of Carl Gustav Jung, which refers to the problem of individuation, we compare it with the conception coming from sociology and other approaches that deal with the phenomenon of socialization. This results in a critical perspective of the Jungian analysis, without discarding the set of its contributions. The major problem of Jung's analysis is, at the same time, his great merit: the analysis of the mind as a psychic totality. This conception has as its problem the autonomization of the human psyche, which disconnects it from the social, which is the determinant of the human mind. The merit was to have focused the psychic universe of the human being, provided we understand not how he did it, as autonomization, but as focus. In this way, understanding as focus and not autonomy, we can use the Jungian conception to understand the psychic phenomenon. Jung e a Individualização O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da concepção junguiana sobre o desenvolvimento da personalidade e uma breve consideração sobre esse processo e a formação social do indivíduo tal como é entendido por outros autores. Assim, após uma síntese da concepção de Carl Gustav Jung, que remete ao problema da individuação, a comparamos com a concepção oriunda da sociologia e outras abordagens que tratam do fenômeno da socialização. Disso resulta uma perspectiva crítica da análise junguiana, sem descartar o conjunto de suas contribuições. O maior problema da análise de Jung é, simultaneamente, o seu grande mérito: a análise da mente como totalidade psíquica. Essa concepção tem como problema a autonomização da psique humana, o que a desliga do social, sendo este o determinante da mente humana. O mérito foi ter focalizado o universo psíquico do ser humano, desde que entendamos não como ele o fez, como autonomização, e sim como foco. Desta forma, compreendendo como foco e não autonomia, podemos usar a concepção junguiana para compreender o fenômeno psíquico.

The Human Situation on Stage: Merce Cunningham, Theodor Adorno, and the Category of Expression

Where is expression in Cunningham's choreography? Are the moving bodies on stage expressive? If so, what are they expressing and how does such expression occur? Several of the finest theorists of dance—among them, Susan Leigh Foster, Mark Franko, and Dee Reynolds—have already approached the question of expressivity in the work of Merce Cunningham. Acknowledging the formalism and astringency of his choreography, they nonetheless insist that expression does indeed take place. Foster locates expression in the “affective significance” as opposed to the “emotional experience” of movement (1986, 38); Franko finds it in an “energy source … more fundamental than emotion, while just as differentiated” (1995, 80); and Reynolds identifies expression in the dancing subject's sensorimotor “faculties” as they are deployed “fully in the present” (2007, 169). Cunningham himself has defined expression in dance as an intrinsic and inevitable quality of movement, indicating that his search to capture, isolate, and frame this quality is central to his choreographic process. As a critical theorist (rather than a dance historian), I am interested in expression as a more general, or cross-media, category and therefore find the efforts by Cunningham and his critics to define expression differently, to free it from its subservience to the psyche, refreshing, unconventional, and suggestive. I have become increasingly convinced that Cunningham's practical and theoretical interventions can illuminate more traditional literary and philosophical discourses on the aesthetics of expression and that they have particular resonance when juxtaposed with the approach to expression developed by Theodor Adorno in his Aesthetic Theory of 1970. Similar to Cunningham, Adorno complicates the category of “expression” by shifting its location from subjectivity, understood primarily as a psychic phenomenon, to embodiment, understood as a function of locomotion and sensual existence (in Franko's words, “something more fundamental than emotion, while just as differentiated” [1995, 80]).