The Effect of Training Results Perception on Individual Work Performance of Employee Moderated by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation

This study aims at examining the effect of training results perceptions on individual work performance of employee, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation serving as moderation strengthening that effect. T his study was quantitative research selecting 453 samples out of 1.311 population from PT KAI’s employees in which they are executive officer. The data collection was done using a close questionnaire with Likert scale 1-5. All valid and reliable instruments were assessed through Factor Analysis and Cronbach's Alpha Analysis. Hypothesis testing is carried out using Hierarchical Regression Analysis by including the Multicollinearity test as a prerequisite for analysis. The study results showed that training result perceptions and extrinsic motivation simultaneously or partially have a positive and significant effect on individual work performance of employee, but intrinsic motivation have no significant effect. Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation does not moderate or strengthen the relationship between training result perceptions and individual work performance of employee. The three independent variables are not related to each other. PT KAI’s employees, especially those in executive position, are more oriented towards extrinsic results than intrinsic ones. The implication for PT KAI is that to improve the individual work performance of its employees, the organization can focus on improving training, external motivation or both. It depends on the vision, long-term goals, and resources of PT KAI.

Promising Pathways: Investigating Personal Factors Promoting Nonprofit Executives

The nonprofit sector has been critiqued for failing to systematically develop leadership to meet the sector’s professionalizing needs. The personal profile of who sits in the nonprofit executive position can be insightful about what experience and training have been deemed appropriate for nonprofit leadership and may reveal career pathways to the executive position. In this paper, the career backgrounds of 185 nonprofit association executives are reported upon, investigating if the credentials and experience held by these executives helped expedite their career pathway to the top position. The findings indicate that nonprofit sector experience was a significant predictor of time to the executive position, but that other career variables, such as education, credentials, and other previous experiences did not significantly impact the time to the position. This study adds to what we know about the professionalization of the nonprofit sector and raises questions about what signals readiness for the sector’s executive position.

The Influence of Female Leadership Towards Performance: Evidence from Western European Financial Firms

Does the appearance of women at the executive position in the boardroom make any differences in firm performance, especially in the financial sector which is well-known to be a male dominated sector? Inspired by that question, our study aims to explore the influence of female leadership in firm performance. We investigate this relationship from a comprehensive dataset comprising of 310 listed financial institutions from 21 Western European countries. The endogeneity concerns were removed using a Two stage approach least square (2SLS) and Generalized method of moments (GMM). Critically, we demonstrated that women's appearance at alternative managerial levels, including the chairperson, executive, and total female directors in the boardroom, negatively influences both firm accounting and market-based performance. We further explore that the percentage of women in the boardroom (excepting non-executive female directors) has a negative impact on performance only in low-performing firms. Our findings argue with previous studies which encouraged more involvement of women at higher managerial levels. We believe that women's unique characteristics are addressed to alleviate interest behavior, but they tend to reduce the performance of financial firms.

An Exploratory Study of Perceptions of Hotel Working Conditions on the Promotion Decision

This exploratory paper focuses on identifying the working conditions that may impact an employee’s decision to apply for a promotion in the pursuit of a management position in the hotel industry in Canada and possibly moving up to that of executive position of hotel general manager. A survey sent to a sample of hotel employees in a mid-sized Atlantic Canada city addressed 21 working conditions that may impact employees when considering applying for a promotion. Findings include the working condition with the greatest impact was “having the empowerment to make changes”. The one with the least impact was “having to work overtime”. These findings would assist management to understand the factors that may motivate employees to pursue job promotions and fill the current talent gap. Significant differences were noted for the impact of some of the working conditions on the promotion decision based on age, gender, education, marital status, and level of position within the firm.

Chief digital officers: the state of the art and the road ahead

There is a lively debate on chief digital officers (CDOs). Some practitioners stress CDOs’ critical role in recrafting digital strategies and accelerating digital transformation, while others predict their disappearance. Academics have also recently begun to study this new executive position and conducted research on CDOs which is, however, scattered across different disciplines and publication outlets. We conduct a systematic literature review that consolidates these initial gains in knowledge. Specifically, we integrate findings on theoretical lenses, research designs, and key themes in studies on CDOs and we propose a framework that organizes CDO research in three broad themes: antecedents of CDO presence, the CDO role, and consequences of CDO presence. We then build on identified gaps to develop an extensive agenda for future research on CDOs. For academic researchers, we not only offer a discipline-spanning overview of knowledge on the topic at hand but also provide useful direction towards fruitful avenues for future research on CDOs. For practitioners, we offer a summary of the current scientific literature on CDOs, including relevant insights on CDO appointments, governance, and performance consequences.

Chanda Kochhar at ICICI bank: lessons in governance

Learning outcomes After a successful discussion and analysis of the case, the participants will be able to distinguish and appreciate the situations of conflict of interest (COI), whistle-blowing, etc. Initiate appropriate methods to avoid/minimize the impact of COI and ensure justice and fair-play to all stake-holders. Identify and appreciate the work-context of each executive-position and initiate standard operating procedures to protect the interests of the enterprise and all its stakeholders. Appreciate the relevance of whistle-blowing and to initiate appropriate methods to ensure justice and fair-play to all stake-holders. Case overview/synopsis In the context of the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI)-bank, the systemic inadequacies seemed to have failed in preventing the incidences of COI. The organization was too centralized to be able to respond proactively to the allegations. The case lays bare the inadequacy of professionalism among the media in responding promptly to such instances. The case generalizes that, with increasing globalization, such incidences have global ramifications and the organizations face much greater risks than ever. The case concludes that to emerge as a mature and leading organization in the global market, ICICI-bank needed to strengthen various aspects of corporate governance; similarly to emerge as a developed economy, India needed to develop independent watchdogs to monitor the activities of corporations continuously. Media needed to be independent and mature to fulfil its duty of continuous and transparent communication to the public. Complexity academic level The case can be understood and analysed by management students in the post-graduate level or by working executives with at least four to five years of experience in the corporate sector. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

PENGARUH REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT SEBAGAI SKEMA HASIL EVALUASI KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PERUSAHAAN SWASTA

The issue at this writing is about the results of the evaluation was run by a company after they to be the best company since last two years, it was interesting to discuss how evaluation result conducted on reward and punishment. The desire to know about how to stimulate employee performance with these two methods is worth executing. So it found the implementation of the reward is better to run than the punishment, but the reward and punishment should be run together. When running the punishment company need to give gradual warning to employee, because the purposes of reward and punishment are to increase employee performances. The research method used in this journal descriptive qualitative research with subject and object of this research is an employee at sales executive position and supported by observations from data collected.

THE POLITICS OF LAW CONCERNING THE TENURE OF VILLAGE HEAD REVIEWED FROM THE CONSTITUALISM PERSPECTIVE

The politics of law is an instrument of law-making to achieve legal objectives, and the objectives of the law-making must be in line with the constitutional norms. The constitution is a foundation rule for law-making (the politics of law), and in its development, the modern state constitution must be constitutionalism. Constitutionalism is an idea that the constitution must limit the power to hinder the abuse due to unrestricted power. The politics of constitutional law can be seen in the first amendment, namely, Article 7 of the 1945 Constitution: the tenure of a president is five years and limited to two periods, the 1945 constitution is, therefore, constitutionalism. The power limitation of high state institutions is constitutional, but in Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, some norms are contrary to the constitution: Article 39 related to the tenure of the village head. The tenure of village head in this article is relatively longer than the executive position in supra-village government, that is six years and can be re-elected for three periods, meaning that the village head can occupy the position for a maximum of 18 years. This tenure is eight years longer than the tenure of the president, governor, regent and mayor, thus, it is likely for the village head to conduct the "abuse of power" and the tenure is against the constitutionalism. Abstrak: Politik hukum merupakan instrumen pembuatan hukum untuk mencapai tujuan hukum, adapun tujuan pembentukan hukum harus sejalan dengan norma Konstitusi. Konstitusi itu merupakan aturan dasar yang menjadi sumber pembentukan hukum (politik Hukum), dalam perkembangannya kemudian konstitusi negara modern itu harus konstitusionalisme, paham konstitusionalisme adalah suatu paham dimana konstitusi harus membatsasi kekuasaan, kekuasaan harus dibatasi untuk menjauhi dari tindakan penyelewengan akibat tidak dibatasinya kekuasaan, dalam politik hukum konstitusi dapat dilihat pada amandemen ke satu yaitu pasal 7 UUD 1945, masa jabatan presiden 5 tahun dan dibatasi dua periode, oleh sebab itu konstitusi UUD 1945 konstitusionalisme. Pembatasan kekuasaan lembaga tinggi negara sudah konstitusional, namun dalam UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa ada norma yang bertentangan dengan konstitusi yaitu pada pasal 39 terkait masa jabatan kepala Desa. Dalam pasal tersebut massa jabatan kepala desa relatif lebih lama dibandingkan dengan jabatan eksekutif di pemerintahan supra desa, yaitu 6 tahun dan dapat dipilih lagi sampai tiga periode, artinya kepala desa dapat menduduki sebagai orang nomor satu di desa sampai dengan delapan belas (18) tahun. Masa jabatan ini relatif lebih lama delapan tahun dibanding jabatan presiden, gubernur, bupati dan wali kota, sehingga kepala desa akan dimungkinkan dapat menyelewengkan kewenangan “abuse of power’ dan masa jabatan tersebut bertentangan dengan konstitusionalisme. Kata Kunci: Politik Hukum, Massa Jabatan Kepala Desa, Konstitusionalisme

An empirical research on the possibilities of young people to make decision supporting the glass cliff phenomenon

Due to gender roles, it is not appropriate for women to be in the business world. However, this situation has changed over time due to the increase in the education level of women, the increase in the economic needs of the family, etc. Women tried to take their place in the business world as low-level employees. Later, they made great efforts and gained qualifications that could reach the executive level. However, since the manager profession is perceived as a male profession, the view that women cannot be an administrator has prevailed, and as a result, it becomes difficult for women to become managers under normal conditions. on the other hands in cases of crisis, women were promoted as managers, and in this manner, it was aimed the responsibility of a possible failure was attributed to the women manager. This situation, which has worn out female managers, has been named as the glass cliff in the literature. In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors affecting the possibility of young people to support the glass cliff in the future. In this context, students who are studying at Şırnak University were included in the research and asked whether they should bring a male or female manager to an enterprise that has economic problems. Decisions that favor women managers are a supportive decision on the glass cliff, and the effect of gender, age and preferences regarding executive position on this decision has been examined. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the decision-making possibilities to support the glass cliff. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that women and participants who want to be senior managers are more likely to make decisions in the direction of supporting the glass cliff than men and those who want to be lower-middle managers. It was determined that the age factor had no significant effect. The results of the study are thought to give an idea of the possible future reflection of the glass cliff phenomenon. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri nedeniyle kadınların iş dünyasında yer alması uygun görülmemiştir. Ancak bu durum kadınların eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi, ailenin ekonomik ihtiyaçlarının artması vb. gibi nedenlerle zaman içerisinde değişmiştir. Kadınlar iş dünyasında alt düzey çalışan olarak kendisine yer edinmeye çalışmıştır. Daha sonra yoğun çaba sarf ederek yönetici düzeyine gelebilecek nitelikler kazanmıştır. Ancak yöneticilik, erkek mesleği olarak algılandığından kadınların yöneticilik yapamayacağı görüşü hâkim olmuş, bunun sonucunda kadınların normal koşullarda yönetici olması zorlaşmıştır. Kriz durumlarında ise kadınlar yönetici yapılmış ve böylece olası bir başarısızlığın sorumluğunun kadın yöneticiye yüklenilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kadın yöneticileri yıpratan bu durum literatürde cam uçurum olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada ileride iş yaşamında yer alacak gençlerin cam uçurumu destekleme olasılıkları üzerinde etkili olan faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Şırnak Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören öğrenciler araştırmaya dahil edilmiş ve öğrencilere ekonomik sorunlar yaşayan bir işletmenin başına kadın mı yoksa erkek yönetici mi getirilmesi gerektiği sorulmuştur. Kadın yöneticileri tercih eden kararlar cam uçurumu destekleyici bir karar olup, bu karar üzerinde cinsiyet, yaş ve yönetici pozisyonuna ilişkin tercihlerin etkisi incelenmiştir. Cam uçurumu destekleyici karar alma olasılıklarını tespit etmek için lojistik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda kadınların ve üst düzey yönetici olmak isteyen katılımcıların cam uçurumu destekleyici yönde karar alma olasılıklarının, erkeklere ve alt-orta düzey yönetici olmak isteyenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaş faktörünün ise anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarının, cam uçurum olgusunun gelecekteki olası yansıması hakkında bir fikir vereceği düşünülmektedir.