scholarly journals Identification and Evaluation of Safety Hazards in Laboratories of the National Shrimp Research Institute and the Effectiveness of Measures by FMEA Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam MIRBAKHSH ◽  
Ghafoor NOORIAN ◽  
Fariba ESMAEILI ◽  
Babak GHAEDNIA ◽  
Parisa HOSSEIN-KHEZRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Risk Priority Number ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Marine Microbiology ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
Research Institute

Introduction: Safety, raising awareness, and preventing the occurrence of hazards are necessary in order to continue to improve the quality of laboratory activities, which have been recently considered by scientific, research, and industrial communities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the risk factor, potential hazards, and provide practical programs in the laboratories of the Shrimp Research Institute. Methods: Safety hazards of eight laboratories of the National Shrimp Research Institute were evaluated during the intervention study with the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis technique. To this end, in the first phase, the team of safety experts (HSE: Health and Safety Executive), by preparing and completing safety questionnaire forms, identified the current status of safety indicators and danger points of laboratories, assessed the distance with safety indicators, and managed danger points. Based on risk severity, probability of occurrence, and probability of risk detection, the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated, prioritized, and corrective measures were proposed. In the second phase, after corrective measures, the safety questionnaire was completed again and the level of risk severity, probability of occurrence, probability of detection, risk priority number, risk number, and percentage reduction of risk priority number of the studied laboratories were calculated and analyzed. Results: Thirty-five hazard points were identified in the laboratories. The range of risk priority numbers ranged from RPN = 12 for the Plankton Laboratory to RPN = 210 for the Marine Microbiology Laboratories and Marine Pollutants. After control measures, the risk number of marine microbiology laboratory was reduced to 180 and marine pollutants to 120 (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that FMEA technique is appropriate in identifying the risk points, evaluating, and classifying the risks of the Iran Shrimp Research Institute laboratories and provide control strategies to eliminate or reduce the risk rate of research environments.

Current Status of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ahmad Dakeel Al Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and the complications may be life-threatening; however, with proper treatment and control measures, it can be very well-managed. Self-management training and education of diabetes are critical in diabetes care and management. It is essential that patients with diabetes must have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the disease, risk factors, complications, and possible treatment modalities to attenuate the complications. Over the last few years, DM in Saudi Arabia has been rapidly growing at an alarming rate. It has affected around one-fifth of the adult population, and by 2030, the numbers are predicted to rise further and exceed more than double the present number. An estimated tenfold increase has been reported over the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, there has not been much research focusing on understanding the knowledge and awareness of DM in Saudi Arabia as compared to developed nations. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge and awareness level of DM among the population of Saudi Arabia through an extensive review of the currently available literature. The review findings could be of immense assistance to the government, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and researchers to develop evidence-based programs, policies, and guidelines towards increasing the knowledge and awareness about diabetes and its management, so that early detection and management can be ensured to control the escalating burden of diabetes, in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Leishmaniasis: Current Status of Vaccine Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Handman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Leishmaniae are obligatory intracellular protozoa in mononuclear phagocytes. They cause a spectrum of diseases, ranging in severity from spontaneously healing skin lesions to fatal visceral disease. Worldwide, there are 2 million new cases each year and 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of infection. To date, there are no vaccines against leishmaniasis and control measures rely on chemotherapy to alleviate disease and on vector control to reduce transmission. However, a major vaccine development program aimed initially at cutaneous leishmaniasis is under way. Studies in animal models and humans are evaluating the potential of genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, as well as a variety of recombinant antigens or the DNA encoding them. The program also focuses on new adjuvants, including cytokines, and delivery systems to target the T helper type 1 immune responses required for the elimination of this intracellular organism. The availability, in the near future, of the DNA sequences of the human and Leishmania genomes will extend the vaccine program. New vaccine candidates such as parasite virulence factors will be identified. Host susceptibility genes will be mapped to allow the vaccine to be targeted to the population most in need of protection.

scholarly journals Current status of major foodborne and waterborne viral infections and their prevention strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-241
Author(s):  
Ahmet Gökhan Coşkun ◽  
Ayşegül Demircioğlu ◽  
Seran Temelli ◽  
Ayşegül Eyigör
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Haccp System ◽  
Waterborne Viruses

Advances in diagnostic techniques and their widespread use for infectious agents revealed the considerably high current prevalence of viral agents in foodborne and waterborne diseases. Foodborne and waterborne viruses are indicated to cause not only gastroenteritis and hepatitis but also neurological disorders, respiratory tract diseases, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis and hemorrhagic fever, with a particularly high mortality rate in infants/children and in individuals with immune deficiency. Additionally, due to their resistance to environmental conditions and food processes compared to other microorganisms, elimination of these viruses by heat and high pressure applications, natural antiviral compounds, UV applications and conventional cleaning-disinfection remains difficult even inadequate. In protection from viral infections, vaccine applications together with GMP, GHP and HACCP system approaches in production seem to be the most effective approaches to ensure the minimization of viruses in food environment and in public. In this review article, up-to-date information is presented on the general characteristics and the diseases caused by enterotropic viruses; NoV, AstV, RoV, AdV and hepatotropic viruses; HAV and HEV, with a particularly high worldwide prevalence, as well as their epidemiology, prevention and their control measures.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a Comprehensive Device Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections Prevention and Control Program: results of a 3-year program in the Republic of Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Iordanou ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Elizabeth Papathanassoglou ◽  
Lakis Palazis ◽  
VASILIOS RAFTOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Device-associated health care-associated infections (DA-HAIs) are a major threat to patient safety, particularly in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bundle of infection control measures to reduce DA-HAIs in the ICU of a General Hospital in the Republic of Cyprus, over a three-year period. Methods: We studied 599 ICU patients with length of stay (LOS) for at least 48 hours. Our prospective cohort study was divided into three surveillance phases. VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI incidence rates, LOS and mortality were calculated before, during and after the infection prevention and control program. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the number of DA-HAI events during the surveillance periods, associated with DA-HAIs prevention efforts. In 2015 (prior to program implementation), the baseline DA-HAIs instances were 43: 16 VAP (10.1/1000 Device Days), 21 (15.9/1000DD) CLABSIs and 6 (2.66/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=198). During the second phase (2016), CLABSIs prevention measures were implemented and the number of infections were 24: 14 VAP (12.21/1000DD), 4 (4.2/1000DD) CLABSIs & 6 (3.22/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=184). During the third phase (2017), VAP and CAUTI prevention measure were again implemented and the rates were 6: (3 VAP: 12.21/1000DD), 2 (1.95/1000DD) CLABSIs & 1 (0.41/1000DD) CAUTIs, (n=217). There was an overall reduction of 87% in the total number of DA-HAIs instances for the period 01/01/15 to 31/12/17. Conclusions: The significant overall reduction in DA-HAI rates, indicates that a comprehensive infection control program can affect DA-HAI rates.

Current status of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors: a public health concern?

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. VYTHILINGAM ◽  
M. L. WONG ◽  
W. S. WAN-YUSSOF
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Simian Malaria ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYPlasmodium knowlesi a simian malaria parasite is currently affecting humans in Southeast Asia. Malaysia has reported the most number of cases and P. knowlesi is the predominant species occurring in humans. The vectors of P. knowlesi belong to the Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles mosquitoes. These are generally described as forest-dwelling mosquitoes. With deforestation and changes in land-use, some species have become predominant in farms and villages. However, knowledge on the distribution of these vectors in the country is sparse. From a public health point of view it is important to know the vectors, so that risk factors towards knowlesi malaria can be identified and control measures instituted where possible. Here, we review what is known about the knowlesi malaria vectors and ascertain the gaps in knowledge, so that future studies could concentrate on this paucity of data in-order to address this zoonotic problem.

scholarly journals Preventing Emergency Vehicle Crashes: Status and Challenges of Human Factors Issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1048-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Hsiao ◽  
Joonho Chang ◽  
Peter Simeonov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Objective: This study reports current status of knowledge and challenges associated with the emergency vehicle (police car, fire truck, and ambulance) crashes, with respect to the major contributing risk factors. Background: Emergency vehicle crashes are a serious nationwide problem, causing injury and death to emergency responders and citizens. Understanding the underlying causes of these crashes is critical for establishing effective strategies for reducing the occurrence of similar incidents. Method: We reviewed the broader literature associated with the contributing factors for emergency vehicle crashes: peer-reviewed journal papers; and reports, policies, and manuals published by government agencies, universities, and research institutes. Results: Major risk factors for emergency vehicle crashes identified in this study were organized into four categories: driver, task, vehicle, and environmental factors. Also, current countermeasures and interventions to mitigate the hazards of emergency vehicle crashes were discussed, and new ideas for future studies were suggested. Conclusion: Risk factors, control measures, and knowledge gaps relevant to emergency vehicle crashes were presented. Six research concepts are offered for the human factors community to address. Among the topics are emergency vehicle driver risky behavior carryover between emergency response and return from a call, distraction in emergency vehicle driving, in-vehicle driver assistance technologies, vehicle red light running, and pedestrian crash control. Application: This information is helpful for emergency vehicle drivers, safety practitioners, public safety agencies, and research communities to mitigate crash risks. It also offers ideas for researchers to advance technologies and strategies to further emergency vehicle safety on the road.

Current Status of Peritoneal Dialysis in Korea: Efforts to Achieve Optimal Outcome

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Suk Han ◽  
Jae-Ha Hwang ◽  
Duk-Hee Kang ◽  
Hyun-Yong Song ◽  
Hyunjin Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Korean Patients ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Since its introduction in 1981, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has become firmly established as an effective mode of renal replacement therapy and serves an increasing patient population in Korea. The latest registry data indicate that about 3700 end-stage renal disease patients are maintained on chronic PD, representing 24.1% of the country's dialysis population. The majority (93.3%) of these patients are on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using the two-bag disconnect system, while only 3.3% are on automated PD. Under current renal reimbursement policies, most dialysis patients have to pay 20% of dialysis fees. Thus CAPD patients on 4 x 2-L daily exchanges pay about US$200 per month, not including medication and travel costs. Traditionally, most PD centers in Korea have used the “standard” prescription of 4 exchanges of 2 L of solution for most of their patients. A recent survey of 1467 patients who commenced CAPD in 1997 revealed that 84% of these patients were initially prescribed 4 x 2-L exchanges, while 12% were given a daily volume of 6 L. With this standard prescription, the percentages of Korean CAPD patients initially achieving the adequacy target of Kt/V urea ≥ 2.0 and standardized creatinine clearance (SCCr) ≥ 60 L/week/ 1.73 m2, were 74.4% and 82.1%, respectively. It is likely that, among current Korean CAPD patients, a much lower percentage will achieve the clearance targets compared to this initial outcome, but the precise data are not available. However, it is not clear whether the levels of small-solute clearance recommended for optimal PD outcomes, and proposed by the NKF-DOQI guidelines, will bring the expected benefits to Korean patients. Overall survival of Korean PD patients appears to be as good as, or even better than, that in most other countries. Recently, a single large PD center reported patient survival of 92.1%, 85.6%, 81.4%, and 67.6% at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years respectively. Other centers also reported similar outcomes. As in other countries, cardiovascular deaths predominate among Korean patients: death was due to cardiac causes in 29%, to vascular causes in 21%, and to infectious causes in 24%. Peritonitis is the most important barrier to prolonged use of CAPD in Korea, and more PD patients transfer to hemodialysis because of peritonitis than in other countries. To further reduce the morbidity and mortality of Korean PD patients, various control measures need to be implemented that can reduce or prevent peritonitis and other infectious complications. Also, to further improve long-term patient outcome, Korean nephrologists need to establish and practice optimal clearance targets in the chronic care of these patients.

Analysis and Recommendations of Administrative Management Measures to Control Environmental Pollutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 2566-2570
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Fang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Improvement Measures

Pollution problem has become a major social problem, and its existence affects the quality of our life and limits a higher level of economic development. How to better control pollutions has become a more serious practical problem before us. In this paper, firstly, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of main pollution control measures in the aspects of sewage charges, tradable discharge permit system, subsidies and mandatory technique and so on, and then describes the basic policy of environmental protection, pointing out that the performance of the environmental management policies and systems shows more and more in adaptation and gap, in which not only the environmental economic policies and systems are not perfect, with a low environmental efficiency, but also the entire environmental management system does not meet the needs of the current situation. Finally, it aims at the current status of pollution control in China, through a multi-perspective analysis of improvement measures in the hope of helping the pollution control in China.

An Assessment of RPN Prioritization in a Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Risk Priority Number ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Ordinal Ranking ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Criticality Analysis

The Risk Priority Number methodology for prioritizing failure modes is an integral part of the Automobile Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMECA) technique. This technique consists of ranking potential failures from 1 to 10 with respect to their severity, probability of occurrence, and likelihood of detection in later tests, and multiplying the numbers. The result is a numerical ranking, called the RPN, on a scale from 1 to 1000. Potential failure modes having higher RPNs are assumed to have a higher design risk than those having lower values. Although this method is well documented and easy to apply, it is seriously flawed from a technical perspective, making the interpretation of the analysis results problematic. Problems with the methodology include: use of ordinal ranking numbers as numeric quantities; lack of continuity in the RPN measurement scale; duplicate RPN values with extremely different characteristics; and varying sensitivity to small changes. Recommendations for an improved methodology are provided.

scholarly journals Current Status and Future Projections of Breast Cancer in Asia

Breast Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Fan ◽  
Paul E. Goss ◽  
Kathrin Strasser-Weippl
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Asia is the world's largest continent comprising about 3/5 of the human population. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Asia, accounting for 39% of all breast cancers diagnosed worldwide. The incidence of breast cancer in Asia varies widely across the continent and is still lower than in Western countries, but the proportional contribution of Asia to the global breast cancer rates is increasing rapidly in parallel to the socioeconomic development. However, the mortality-to-incidence ratios are much higher for Asia than for Western countries. Most Asian countries are low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where breast cancer presents at a younger age and a later stage, and where patients are more likely to die from the disease than those in Western countries. Moreover, diagnostic workup, treatment and palliative services are inadequate in most Asian LMICs. In this review, we present an overview of the breast cancer risk factors and epidemiology, control measures, and cancer care among Asian countries.

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