Cross-dialectal diversity in Mukrī Kurdish I: Phonological and phonetic variation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hiwa Asadpour
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Triggering Factors ◽  
And Shifts

Abstract This article provides a comparative overview of phonological and phonetic differences of Mukrī Kurdish varieties and their geographical distribution. Based on the examined data, four distinct varieties can be distinguished. In each variety area, different phonological patterns are analyzed according to age, gender, and social groups in order to establish cross-regional and cross-generational developments in relation to specific phonological distributions and shifts. The variety regions which are examined in the present article include West Mukrī (representing an archaic form of Mukrī), Central Mukrī (representing a linguistically peripheral dialect), East Mukrī (representing mixed archaic and peripheral dialect features), and South Mukrī (sharing features of both Mukrī and Ardałānī). The study concludes that variation in the Mukrīyān region depends on phonological developments, which in turn are due to geographical and sociological factors. Moreover, contact-induced change and internal language development are also established as triggering factors distinguishing regional variants.

Doing Business Abroad: The Problem of Training for Cultural Differences in Communication

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
John P. Daniels ◽  
Hugh M. Shane ◽  
Jerry L. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
Time Space

Effective communication is essential for efficient management. Yet, the problem of communication is exacerbated when the manager is required to function in a foreign culture. Communication in a foreign country is often complicated by such cultural influences as the importance of time, space, relationships, and numerous other subtle psychological and sociological factors. Merely learning the language of a host country is not sufficient to effectively conduct business abroad. To be truly effective, a manager must not only understand the language of the host country but must also “have a feel” for its culture. The present article suggests that managers preparing for overseas assignments be familiarized not only with the language of the host country but also with the psychological and sociological norms inherent in that particular culture.

scholarly journals The development of Germanic analytical tenses

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Andriy Botsman ◽  
Olga Dmytruk ◽  
Tamara Kozlovska
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Germanic Languages

The stages that encompass the future tense development are singled out as discrete phenomena within the process of the Germanic language development. The Gothic verb system can serve as the background for the investigation of the tense transformations in question. The difficulties of tense examination in the Old Germanic languages were connected with some conceptions about the Indo-Iranian and Greek languages that used to dominate in the scientific circles for a long time. Those conceptions were based on Latin and Greek patterns and postulated the use of present, past and future tenses in all Indo-European languages. The above conceptions were ruined when the study of Tokharian and Hittite demonstrated the use of the present tense for the description of future actions. The idea of losing “the protolanguage inheritance” was proved wrong, and it was incorrect to transfer the complex tense system of Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin to other Proto-Indo-European languages. The examination of the tense differentiation in Gothic (as the main source of the Old Germanic language) demonstrates that the Gothic infinitive functioned as a no-particular-time unit, while personal verb forms were involved in performing tense functions. The Gothic present tense verbs represented present and future tenses and no-particular-time phenomena. Some periphrastic forms containing preterite-present verbs with the infinitive occurred sporadically. The periphrastic forms correlated with Greek and Latin patterns of the same future tense meaning. The periphrastic future forms in Gothic often contained some modal shades of meaning. The Gothic present tense functioned as a colony-forming archi-unit and a pluripotential (temporal) precursor. The periphrastic Gothic future forms are recognised as a monopotential (temporal) precursor with some modal meaning. The key research method used in the present article is the comparative historical method. The authors viewed it as the most reliable and appropriate for the study of tense forms.

scholarly journals Lethal Images: Analyzing Extremist Visual Propaganda from ISIS and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-657
Author(s):  
Stephane J Baele ◽  
Katharine A Boyd ◽  
Travis G Coan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Visual Style ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Visual Propaganda ◽  
Extremist Groups ◽  
And Shifts

Abstract Violent extremist groups regularly use pictures in their propaganda. This practice, however, remains insufficiently understood. Conceptualizing visual images as amplifiers of narratives and emotions, the present article offers an original theoretical framework and measurement method for examining the synchronic and diachronic study of the manipulative use of images by violent extremist groups. We illustrate this framework and method with a systematic analysis of the 2,058 pictures contained in the Islamic State's propaganda magazines targeting Western audiences, exposing the “visual style” of the group, and highlighting the trends and shifts in the evolution of this style following developments on the ground.

scholarly journals As representações como propiciadoras de identidade: a circularidade entre o discurso da cultura erudita e as práticas populares na Idade Média Central

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Pablo Gatt Albuquerque De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
Social Praxis

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como distintos grupos sociais, durante a Idade Média Central, garantiram as suas identidades por intermédio de um sistema de representações. Uma vez analisadas tais representações, discutiremos como se deram as relações entre a “cultura erudita” e a “cultura popular”, visto que, intrínsecas, compreendemos a circularidade das ideias e percebemos as práxis sociais estabelecidas entre ambas as culturas, assim como as suas divergências e apropriações.Palavras-chave: Cultura, Idade Média, Popular, Erudito. AbstractThe present article has the objective of understanding how distinct social groups, during the Central Middle Ages, guaranteed their identities through the system of representations. Once analyzed such representations we will discuss how worked the relations between “erudite culture” and “popular culture”, since, intrinsic, we understand the circularity of ideas and perceive the social praxis among both cultures, as well as their divergences and appropriations.Keywords: Culture, Middle Ages, Popular, Erudite.

scholarly journals Note on distribution of Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl. ex Spreng.) Wight & Arn. var. major Pokle in India.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Shantanu Y. Chavan ◽  
Rupali Taur ◽  
Priya Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central India ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Type Locality

The genus Alysicarpus Desv. is concentrated in India and distributed mostly in the dry zones of the country. During the course of investigation, the authors came across the several specimens Alysicarpus longifolius (Rottl. ex Spreng.) Wight & Arn.var. major Pokle. A. longifolius (Rottl. ex Spreng.) Wight & Arn.var. major Pokle, an endemic taxa, was so far known only from single collection. In the recent survey, numbers of additional populations were found in Central India in addition to the type locality. Extended geographical distribution with illustration has been reported in the present article.

scholarly journals Szervezeti relációk a japán ipari vállalkozási kultúrában

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2019/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónika Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Japanese Company ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Industrial Organizations ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Shame And Guilt ◽  
Critical Approaches

The present article develops a practical operational view of Ruth Benedict’s shame and guilt culture concept as one of the attributes which might characterize the structure and operation of Japanese social groups. After giving a short overview of critical approaches to this concept, several norm-forming, normoperating and sanctioning practices are examined in relation to the aspect of shame and guilt reactions from the everyday lives of intercultural industrial organizations (companies) located in Hungary, featuring Japanese company cultural elements in their operation. The evaluation and analysis of several related phenomena are conducted on the basis of fieldwork, involving further sociological concepts such as relational subjectivism, kanjin 閑人, shikaku 資格 and ba 場, chū 忠 and kō 孝, giri 義理 and ninjō 人情, wa 和, amae 甘えand others.

scholarly journals Defensa de bienes comunes naturales y decolonialidad: caso Xochicuautla, México/ Defense of natural common goods and decoloniality: the Xochicuautla, Mexico, case

2017 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Laura Mota Díaz ◽  
Oliver Gabriel Hernández Lara
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Present Article ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

El presente artículo intenta comprender las dinámicas provenientes de movimientos sociales latinoamericanos relacionados con la defensa de bienes comunes naturales. Ello, a partir de dos enfoques: las epistemologías del Sur y la perspectiva del pensamiento crítico decolonial, para dar cuenta de las luchas y resistencias, así como de las propuestas que emergen desde colectivos sociales que ven amenazados sus territorios por la actual ofensiva capitalista. Para ello, retomamos el caso de la lucha en San Francisco Xochicuautla, Lerma, estado de México, al que consideramos un referente de los actuales movimientos sociales, en el contexto mexicano. De este modo, caracterizamos la lucha de la comunidad de Xochicuautla, para destacar cómo se articulan sus demandas, exigencias, alternativas, prácticas y discursos con otros movimientos más amplios que actúan en el territorio nacional, y cómo ello aporta a las construcciones teóricas latinoamericanas. En términos metodológicos, recurrimos al análisis documental extenso, la revisión y reflexión teórica, así como al trabajo de campo en la comunidad de Xochicuautla.AbstractThe present article tries to understand the dynamics from Latin American social movements related to the defense of common natural resources. This, from two approaches: the southern epistemologies, and the perspective of critical and decolonial thinking to account for the struggles and resistance, as well as the proposals that emerge from social groups whose territories are threatened by the current capitalist offensive. To do this, we return to the case of the struggle in San Francisco Xochicuautla, Lerma, estado de México, which we consider as a benchmark of the social movements of the present, in the Mexican context. Thus, we characterize the struggle in the community of Xochicuautla, to highlight how their demands, requirements, alternatives, practices and discourses articulate to broader movements occurring in the country, and how this is a contribution the Latin American theoretical constructs. In terms of methodology, we use the extensive documental analysis, review and theoretical reflection, as well as field work in the community of Xochicuautla.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Bercerita dengan Boneka Tangan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Mar’atul Fatimatuz Zahro ◽  
Iklila Febrianti Fiorentisa ◽  
Aisyaroh Fatini
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Important Development

Language is one of the important development aspects to be developed in early childhood, because language is the main communication media so that children can become part of their social groups. The Storytelling Method is one of the giving learning experiences for early childhood by telling stories to children orally. Hand puppets are one of the games favored by early childhood, because through this game children learn to communicate, imagine, express their feelings and increase their confidence. The purpose of making this article is to discuss language development in early childhood through theories from various figures. Therefore, to develop language in children, parents and teachers can use the method of telling stories with a hand puppet. Bahasa adalah salah satu aspek perkembangan yang penting untuk dikembangkan pada anak usia dini, karena bahasa merupakan media komunikasi  utama agar anak dapat menjadi bagian dari kelompok sosialnya. Metode Bercerita merupakan salah satu pemberian pengalaman belajar bagi anak usia dini dengan membawakan cerita kepada anak secara lisan. Boneka tangan merupakan salah satu permainan yang digemari oleh anak usia dini, karena melalui permainan ini anak belajar berkomunikasi, berimajinasi, mengespresikan perasaannya dan meningkatkan kepercayaan dirinya. Tujuan dari pembuatan artikel ini untuk membahas mengenai perkembangan bahasa terhadap anak usia dini melalui teori dari berbagai tokoh. Oleh karena itu untuk menembangkan bahasa pada anak, orang tua dan guru dapat menggunakan metode bercerita dengan boneka tangan. Kata kunci: perkembangan bahasa, metode bercerita, dan boneka tangan.

scholarly journals De los herederos a los desheredados Juventud, capital escolar y trayectorias de vida

2017 ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Oscar Dávila León ◽  
Felipe Ghiardo Soto
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Positioning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reproduction Strategies

ResumenEn el texto, se discute la instalación de la escolarización como mecanismo legítimo de posicionamiento social en los jóvenes estudiantes del sistema público. No solo está cambiando las estrategias de reproducción en estos grupos sociales, sino que también como configuración de cambios culturales importantes que tienen que ver con la forma que se le quiere dar a la vida en el futuro, las edades que se le están asignando a cada uno de los hitos que marcan los pasos a la adultez y la valoración de las estructuras e instituciones familiares tradicionales.Palabras clave: trayectorias de vida, transiciones a la vida adulta, condiciones juveniles.AbstractIn the present article, the author discusses the setting up of schooling as a legitimate mechanism of social positioning in the young students of the public system. This is not only changing the reproduction strategies in these social groups, but also as configuration of important cultural changes that have to do with the structure to be given to life in the future, the ages being assigned to each one of the landmarks that mark the stages to adultness, and the value of the structures and traditional familiar institutions.Key words: pathways of life, transitions to adult life, youthful conditions.

scholarly journals Megaphage infect Prevotella and variants are widespread in gut microbiomes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra E. Devoto ◽  
Joanne M. Santini ◽  
Matthew R. Olm ◽  
Karthik Anantharaman ◽  
Patrick Munk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Host Lysis ◽  
And Shifts

Bacteriophage (phage) dramatically shape microbial community composition, redistribute nutrients via host lysis, and drive evolution through horizontal gene transfer. Despite their importance, much remains to be learned about phage in the human microbiome. We investigated gut microbiomes of humans from Bangladesh and Tanzania, two African baboon social groups, and Danish pigs, and report that many contain phage belonging to a clade with genomes >540 kb in length, the largest yet reported in the human microbiome and close to the maximum size ever reported for phage. We refer to these as Lak phage. CRISPR spacer targeting indicates that the Lak phage infect bacteria of the genus Prevotella. We manually curated to completion 15 distinct Lak phage genomes recovered from metagenomes. The genomes display several interesting features, including use of an alternative genetic code, large intergenic regions that are highly expressed, and up to 35 putative tRNAs, some of which contain enigmatic introns. Different individuals have distinct phage genotypes, and shifts in variant frequencies over consecutive sampling days reflect changes in relative abundance of phage sub-populations. Recent homologous recombination has resulted in extensive genome admixture of nine baboon Lak phage populations. We infer that Lak phage are widespread in gut communities that contain Prevotella species, especially in individuals in the developing world, and conclude that megaphage, with fascinating and underexplored biology, may be common but largely overlooked components of human and animal gut microbiomes.

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