Identification and characterization of nested-abbreviated terms in scientific discourse

This paper analyzes nested-abbreviated terms from a linguistic perspective by describing their morphological, syntactic, and semantic features for terminology purposes. Nested-abbreviated terms can be considered as abbreviated forms, either initialisms or acronyms, which have within their meaning another abbreviated term. To carry out the analysis, 433 nested-abbreviated terms were extracted from two specialized dictionaries in English. Data analysis showed that, from the morphological and semantic perspective, nested-abbreviated terms behave like typical abbreviations. Important differences were found from a syntactic standpoint where nested abbreviated terms behave as premodifiers in the noun phrase (NP) in 98.93% of the cases. As this is the first time nested-abbreviated terms are studied, they were not only described but also analyzed and defined. Although the percentage of nested-abbreviated terms obtained from the dictionaries is relatively low, less than 1% of total abbreviations, it was found that it is highly relevant to study this growing phenomenon in specialized languages for terminology extraction, as well as for other purposes.

البعـد التـــــــداولي للنص القانوني

تسعى الدراسة اللسانية بكل حيثياتها إلى إثبات مدى نجاعة آلياتها المطبقة على جميع النصوص المحررة، وبيّنت أنّ أدوات التطبيق اللسانية التداولية صالحة لمختلف النصوص سواء أكانت لسانية بحتة أم غير ذلك، فبُنيت الدراسة على النص القانوني ولتشعب النصوص، اُقتصرت الدراسة على جزء من قانون حماية الطفل، وتم تحديد هذه النصوص فيما بين المادة (2) إلى المادة (6)؛ رغبة في بيان نسقية النصوص القانونية المحررة، ومدى توافقها مع الطرق اللسانية المعتمدة عند أهل القانون، مما لا جدال في صحة تحريره وتقنينه. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للنص القانوني . فتم تطبيق آليات البعد التداولية المستندة على ثلاثة مرتكزات تدور في فلك الأفعال الكلامية القولية والتأثيرية والإنجازية ، وما يتبعه من تأثير في المتلقي ، وإنجاز للمطلوب وفقًا للآلية الحجاجية المتبعة في النص المحرر، فأظهرت الدراسة أنّ لغة النص القانوني، صُنفت ضمن اللغات المتخصصة؛ لامتلاكها مفردات ومصطلحات شاعت بين أهل القانون سنحت لهم التشريع وفق الأبعاد اللسانية التداولية . الكلمات المفتاحية : اللسانية – التداولية – لغة – الأفعال الكلامية – القولية – الحجاج. Research Summary: Language study is considered one of the successful studies at present, so I will apply it to part of the Child Protection Law, and these texts have been defined from Article (2) to Article (6). There is no dispute about the validity of its editing and codification. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach of the legal text. The study relied on verbal verbs and subsequent influence on the recipient. The study indicated that the language of the legal text is classified within the specialized languages. Main conventions: Linguistic - Circulation - Language - Verbal Verbs - Narration – Argument.

البعد التداولي للنص القانوني

تسعى الدراسة اللسانية بكل حيثياتها إلى إثبات مدى نجاعة آلياتها المطبقة على جميع النصوص المحررة، وبيّنت أنّ أدوات التطبيق اللسانية التداولية صالحة لمختلف النصوص سواء أكانت لسانية بحتة أم غير ذلك، فبُنيت الدراسة على النص القانوني ولتشعب النصوص، اُقتصرت الدراسة على جزء من قانون حماية الطفل، وتم تحديد هذه النصوص فيما بين المادة (2) إلى المادة (6)؛ رغبة في بيان نسقية النصوص القانونية المحررة، ومدى توافقها مع الطرق اللسانية المعتمدة عند أهل القانون، مما لا جدال في صحة تحريره وتقنينه. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للنص القانوني . فتم تطبيق آليات البعد التداولية المستندة على ثلاثة مرتكزات تدور في فلك الأفعال الكلامية القولية والتأثيرية والإنجازية ، وما يتبعه من تأثير في المتلقي ، وإنجاز للمطلوب وفقًا للآلية الحجاجية المتبعة في النص المحرر، فأظهرت الدراسة أنّ لغة النص القانوني، صُنفت ضمن اللغات المتخصصة؛ لامتلاكها مفردات ومصطلحات شاعت بين أهل القانون سنحت لهم التشريع وفق الأبعاد اللسانية التداولية . Language study is considered one of the successful studies at present, so I will apply it to part of the Child Protection Law, and these texts have been defined from Article (2) to Article (6). There is no dispute about the validity of its editing and codification. The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach of the legal text. The study relied on verbal verbs and subsequent influence on the recipient. The study indicated that the language of the legal text is classified within the specialized languages.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SLIDING MEDIAN METHOD ON FPGA FOR SENSOR SIGNALS PRE-PROCESSING

The use of modern hardware platforms in the development of computer system components, including digital signal processing, allows to describe circuit solutions using specialized languages such as AlteraHDL, VHDL, Verilog, etc. One of the options for using the resources of programmable logic integrated circuits is to create digital components of signal pre-processing, in particular in information and measurement channels. The application of this approach is due to the presence of various distortions that lead to information and accuracy loss. Another problem is the need to preserve the information performance of such information and measurement channels. It is common to use analog implementations of signal pre-processing methods, in particular different types filters. In this case, the implementation of pre-processing methods at the hardware level will provide the appropriate processing speed at insignificant hardware costs. The paper proposes the implementation of the algorithm for processing information and measurement signals using the sliding median method, implemented on a programmable logic integrated circuit. Based on the simulation in a numerical experiment, the efficiency of using such a method is shown in a relatively simple implementation scheme on the FPGA platform. In fact, the pyramidal scheme of conditional constructions provides a simple description of the logical scheme by means of the Altera HDL language, and also allows to reduce the number of comparison operations. The proposed algorithm does not require complex hardware resources, which allows you to effectively involve typical circuit solutions.

ANALYSIS OF “THE FUNDAMENTAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENVIRONMENT DICOENVIRO” IN COMPARISON WITH ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FRAMENET, PROPBANK, VERBNET IN THE FRAMEWORK OF MODERN THEORETICAL LEXICOGRAPHIC PARADIGM

The purpose of the article is to establish the possibilities of functioning of the terminological Internet resource “The Fundamental Dictionary of the Environment DiCoEnviro”, to examine its methods to carry out a comparative analysis with electronic resources FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet to open a new perspective of the perception of the meaning of words in common and specialized languages in the framework of modern theoretical lexicographic paradigm.Methods. The complex linguo-pragmatic descriptive method and the techniques of observation, comparison, generalization and interpretation helped to characterize the work of the terminological Internet resource DiCoEnviro and electronic resources FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, to identify phenomena in them; the extraction of terminological units for the formation of the results materials is made by the method of continuous sampling.Results. The article highlights the work of the terminological Internet resource DiCoEnviro in comparison with electronic resources FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, which offer mainly information about the common language. It is found that in DiCoEnviro the participant is defined by the type, role, is expressed by syntactic group, each context contains a description of syntactic function. Annotation of contexts in DiCoEnviro is performed using the Oxigen XML editor, while users view annotations in HTML format when visiting the DiCoEnviro website.Conclusions. The article presents the work of scientists in the field of lexicography, namely electronic dictionaries; it shows a study of the terminological Internet resource DiCoEnviro and the principles of annotation of terms in it. The purpose of the DiCoEnviro project is traced; previous works of FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet are presented, which offer mainly information about common language, while DiCoEnviro includes vocabulary of specialized environmental language; examples of annotations from these projects are given and analyzed. The method used in DiCoEnviro and based on explanatory and combinatorial lexicology and partly on the theory of semantic frames is considered in details.Key words: annotation, frames, terms, explanatory and combinatorial lexicology, specialized language. Мета статті – встановити можливості функціонування термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу «Фундаментальний слов-ник навколишнього середовища DiCoEnviro», розглянути його методи для здійснення порівняльного аналізу з електронни-ми ресурсами FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, щоб відкрити нову перспективу сприйняття значення слова у загальновживаній та спеціалізованій мовах у рамках сучасної теоретичної лексикографічної парадигми.Методи. Комплексний лінгвопрагматичний описовий метод і прийоми спостереження, порівняння, узагальнення та інтер-претації допомогли охарактеризувати роботу термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу DiCoEnviro і електронних ресурсів FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, виявити явища в них; виокремлення термінологічних одиниць для формування матеріалів результатів зро-блено методом суцільної вибірки.Результати. У статті висвітлено роботу термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу DiCoEnviro порівняно з електронними ресур-сами FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, які пропонують в основному інформацію про загальновживану мову. З’ясовано, що в DiCoEnviro учасник визначається своїм типом, роллю, виражається синтаксичною групою, кожен контекст містить опис синтаксичної функції. Анотування контекстів у DiCoEnviro виконується за допомогою редактора XML Oxigen, тоді як корис-тувачі, коли відвідують вебсайт DiCoEnviro, дивляться анотування у форматі HTML.Висновки. У статті презентовано роботи науковців у галузі лексикографії, а саме електронних словників; показано дослі-дження термінологічного інтернет-ресурсу DiCoEnviro і принципів анотування термінів у ньому. Простежено мету проєк-ту DiCoEnviro; представлені попередні роботи FrameNet, Propbank, VerbNet, які пропонують в основному інформацію про загальновживану мову, тоді як DiCoEnviro включає у себе лексику спеціалізованої мови навколишнього середовища; наведено і проаналізовано приклади анотування з цих проєктів. Докладно розглянуто методику, яка застосовується в DiCoEnviro і ґрун-тується на пояснювальній і комбінаторній лексикології і частково на теорії семантичних фреймів.Ключові слова: анотування, фрейми, терміни, пояснювальна і комбінаторна лексикологія, спеціалізована мова

CORPUS-DRIVEN ESP PEDAGOGY: A PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY

The study explores application of a freely available EcoLexicon online corpus in specific language classes at Environmental studies faculty of RUDN University, Russia. Although corpus tools are traditionally used by linguists, I intend to demonstrate how they can be offered to non-linguist students to facilitate better understanding of inherent semantics, depart from generic surface understanding of professional texts and delve deep into structures and meanings, enhancing overall linguistic competence of learners and instructors alike. One of the main results of the study is that implementation of corpus-based tools clearly demonstrates unreliability of automated translated tools and fosters departure of novice professionals from assisted translation towards independent exploration of semantic nuances of target specialized languages. Despite numerous benefits, corpus-based tools can present certain challenges as well. These deficiencies, however, may be remedied by careful design of teaching materials and assignments.

Noun Compounds in Photography

Compounding is considered to be the most productive device in coining new words in many languages, including English. Numerous studies have dealt with compounds in recent decades. However, in spite of a large number of works on compounds in the general language, few authors have dealt with compounds in specialized languages. We find studies on compounds in science and technology or architecture, just to mention a few. The present article focuses on compound nouns in photography, a field that has to date not been researched in this regard but is extremely rich and interesting. The aim of this study is to outline the types of noun compounds in photography and to illustrate the range of semantic relationships and morphosyntactic patterns that occur in coining new noun compounds in the photography lexis. In order to carry out the study, a corpus-based approach was followed. The data was gathered from professional photography blogs providing authentic up-to-date lexis. The results show that there is a large presence and variety of patterns of nouncompounds in photography, such as noun compounds made up of noun + noun (photo album, time-lapse, shutter speed), verb + noun (catchlight, burn tool, protect filter), adjective + noun (white balance, softbox, glowing filter) and phrase compounds (depth of focus, rule of thirds, pan and tilt).

Cognitive Phraseological Variations in Terminology of Public International Law and Its Application in Translation into Farsi

For the past twenty years, “phraseology” has been considered a very important topic of study for various specialized languages. The linguistic view that used to see phraseology such as “idiom researches and lexicography classifying various kinds of idiomatic expressions” has changed meaningfully. Nowadays, thanks to these changes, the new view is focused on identifying and classifying phraseology as well as applying them to research in theory. That is why we would do well to try to define new horizons of phraseology in different specialized languages. The language of interest here is the prescriptive and descriptive language of international law instruments. We should consider this language as the normative language of judges, legislators, courts and international lawyers. These practitioners – who use specific types of phraseology and stable linguistic structures –should perhaps adhere to the use of a professional language that conforms to recognized standards of normative rules. This paper, therefore, tries to define the main relations between phraseology studies and IL Latin expressions and their systematic-semantic equivalences in languages with different roots like Farsi.

The use of crossword puzzles as a strategy to teach Maritime English Vocabulary

Vocabulary mastery holds a special status in the teaching of specialized languages, as it represents a crucial element in the learners’ professional development. Student-focused approaches to teaching highlight learner-centered techniques and strategies for the efficient learning of specialized vocabulary, such as explicit vocabulary-building activities. Crossword puzzles can be one way for learners to experience such learning, since they are beneficial on a number of different levels: they are entertaining and challenging vocabulary practice tools, they stimulate student motivation and autonomy, and they lead to better vocabulary awareness and retention. With this in mind, the present paper aims to illustrate the practical uses and benefits of crossword puzzles in teaching and learning maritime English vocabulary.