COMMUNITY SERVICE- DISASTER COVID-19 (PKM-BC19) IN ALAI PARAK KOPI AND SWEET WATER BEACH, PADANG CITY, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE

Community Service for the Covid-19 Disaster (PKM-BC) is an activity carried out by students accompanied by supervisors which aims to help the government to overcome the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak, in this service activity students act as providers of education to the community, regarding the symptoms of Covid-19 and cleanliness to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 and also help provide basic material assistance for people in need during this pandemic, so that people are expected to be more assisted and alert in responding to the spread of Covid-19. This activity was carried out in several areas in the city of Padang, especially in Alai Parak Kopi and the Air Manis Beach area, Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The work program carried out includes main activities, supporting and additional activities. The main activity of this service is the distribution of basic necessities, hand sanitizer and masks. As well as supporting activities from this service, in collaboration with Perumda PSM in the water sweet beach area, the work program is the enforcement of the Covid-19 protocol, spraying disinfectants and cleaning the sweet water beach. Supporting activities are making videos of making chlorophyll juice by utilizing local water spinach in the Alai Parak Kopi area.

Sodium Alginate Supplementation Plus HIIT and MICT Can Induce CCK and PYY Increment in Men With Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Abdominal obesity is a common phenomenon in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Inducing satiety by weight management plays an important role in reducing the risk of obesity and consequently MetS. This study was investigated effect of sodium alginate supplementation plus HIIT and MICT on CCK and PYY increment in MetS men. Methods: For this purpose, 40 men with MetS volunteered and were randomly divided into five groups as follow: HIIT groups with supplement (n=8, 4*4 min bouts at 85-95% of HRpeak, with 3 min of active recovery at 50-70% HRpeak, 3 ses/week), HIIT (n=8, 4*4 min bouts at 85-95% of HRpeak, with 3 min of active recovery at 50-70% HRpeak, 3 ses/week), MICT with supplement (n=8, 30 min at 60-70% HRpeak, 3 ses/week), MICT (n=8, 30 min at 60-70% HRpeak, 3 ses/week) and control group (n = 8, no exercise). The HITT+S and MICT+S groups consumed 1.5 g of Sigma sodium alginate (made in the USA) solution in 100 mg of sweet water (7 g of fructose), 30 minutes before 3 main meals three days per week during 8 weeks. Results: After 8 weeks of interventions, CCK and PYY were markedly increased in the studied groups, this increase was significantly greater in the HIIT+S than other groups. Also, the MetS Z score was significantly decreased in all studied groups and this decrease was significantly higher in the HIIT+S than other groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that HIIT and MICT led to an overall improvement in men with MetS. However, combining sodium alginate supplementation triggers these improvements.Trial registration: IRCT20190916044788N1. Registered 12 march 2020, https://www.irct.ir/

Intelligent and Smart Irrigation System Using Edge Computing and IoT

Smart parsimonious and economical ways of irrigation have build up to fulfill the sweet water requirements for the habitants of this world. In other words, water consumption should be frugal enough to save restricted sweet water resources. The major portion of water was wasted due to incompetent ways of irrigation. We utilized a smart approach professionally capable of using ontology to make 50% of the decision, and the other 50% of the decision relies on the sensor data values. The decision from the ontology and the sensor values collectively become the source of the final decision which is the result of a machine learning algorithm (KNN). Moreover, an edge server is introduced between the main IoT server and the GSM module. This method will not only avoid the overburden of the IoT server for data processing but also reduce the latency rate. This approach connects Internet of Things with a network of sensors to resourcefully trace all the data, analyze the data at the edge server, transfer only some particular data to the main IoT server to predict the watering requirements for a field of crops, and display the result by using an android application edge.

Economic and Social Benefits of Growing Peanut Instead of Boro Rice in a Sweet Water Scarce Area of Coastal Bangladesh

This study assessed the relative profitability and social impact of peanut cultivation over Boro rice production in a polder of coastal Bangladesh where there is a scarcity of sweet water for crop cultivation in the Rabi season. Sixty samples from a village namely Sekendarkhali of Amtali Upazila under Barguna district were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews, and different quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explain the data. Cost and return analysis was performed to assess the relative profitability of the two crops. Major findings of the study show that per hectare total costs, gross return, gross margin, and net returns for peanut and Boro production were Tk. 116170 and Tk. 91632; Tk. 132648 and Tk. 52419; Tk. 28540 and Tk. -27628; and Tk. 16478 and Tk. -39203, respectively, which indicate that peanut was more profitable than Boro rice. Moreover, benefit-cost ratios (BCR) of peanut and Boro rice production were found 1.14 and 0.57, respectively indicating peanut production is profitable for farmers in the study area but not the Boro rice production. It was also found that peanut cultivation has some positive social impacts. Adoption of peanut cultivation as a Rabi crop increases the cropping intensity of the study area, creates employment opportunities for both men and women, helps to ensure better nutritional status and better health of the farmers, helps the farmers to stay in the village and to build a better social relationship, increases the income of the farmers, and ensures a better standard of living. The study also identified some problems and constraints faced by the peanut growing farmers and suggested some recommendations to improve the present production of peanuts so that adoption and per hectare yield of peanut would possibly be increased.

Integrated Rainwater Resource Management (iRaM) Model for Coastal South Gujarat

The South Gujarat region has ample water availability, but, water shortage is being experienced during summer and water logging during monsoon. Also, due to large scale industrialization of south Gujarat, problems of air and water pollution have arisen which have become more complex because of over exploitation of natural resources ‘ground water’. In many areas, due to continuous pumping of sweet water, sea water ingress has taken place and bores have become defunct as the water quality deteriorated drastically, due to which many cultivable farm lands have become uncultivable and are lying as wasteland. The water quality had deteriorated to such an extent that neither it could be used for drinking purposes nor for irrigation of crops. High intensity rains occur during the monsoon allowing very little opportune time for the water to infiltrate into the aquifers. All the rainwater during monsoon directly goes as runoff ultimately reaching the sea. Also, where ponds exist, catchment areas are disappearing due to construction work and ponds no longer receive rain water. So, an attempt was made to conserve the “rain water” natural resource while evaluating the potential of raising fish in small pond through harvested rain water. The water balance study was carried out in which meteorological and hydrological parameters like rainfall, evaporation, infiltration and runoff were measured and then using the water balance equation, the recharge amount was calculated and it was compared with the estimated recharge. It was concluded from the study that the rain water harvesting in small or big ponds not only replenishes aquifers but also checks deteriorating water quality in addition to providing sweet water fish harvest for economic gain

Pharmacokinetics trumps pharmacodynamics during cocaine choice: a reconciliation with the dopamine hypothesis of addiction

ABSTRACTCocaine is known to increase brain dopamine at supranormal levels in comparison to alternative nondrug rewards. According to the dopamine hypothesis of addiction, this difference would explain, at least in part, why the latter are eventually given up in favor of continued cocaine use during the transition to addiction. Though resting on solid neuroscientific foundations, this hypothesis has nevertheless proven difficult to reconcile with research on cocaine choice in experimental animals. When facing a choice between an intravenous bolus of cocaine and a nondrug alternative (e.g., sweet water), both delivered immediately after choice, rats do not choose the drug, as would be predicted, but instead develop a strong preference for the nondrug alternative, sometimes to the exclusion of continued drug use. Here we report converging evidence that reconciles this finding with the dopamine hypothesis of addiction. Briefly, our data suggest that cocaine is indeed supranormal in reward magnitude, as postulated by the dopamine hypothesis of addiction, but is less preferred during choice because its pharmacokinetics makes it an inherently more delayed reward than the alternative. Reframing previous drug choice studies in rats as intertemporal choice studies reveals that the discounting effects of delays spare no rewards, including supranormal ones, and that during choice, pharmacokinetics trumps pharmacodynamics. Finally, this study also reveals important gaps in our understanding of drug reward delays that need to be filled by future experimental and theoretical work.

Initial Development of Carnival Fish of Sweet Water: Systematic Review of Literature

The initial development of carnivorous fish in farms requires intensive care regarding nutrition and management, in order to avoid the stress that can lead to cannibalistic behavior, a major cause of mortality in larvae and juveniles of cultivated carnivorous species. The objective of this article was to evaluate the initial development of carnivorous freshwater fish in South American territory, focusing on the development of the digestive tract and feeding, through a systematic literature review, resulting from research in scientific databases, with the strategy of searching for the key-words: fish and larvae and development and digestive and Brazil and "name of the different species found", besides manual searches made in the bibliographical references of the articles selected. At the end of the selection, 17 articles, published between 2007 and 2017, were included in the review. It was verified that the ontological evaluation of the digestive system of the larvae’s is of major importance to adapt the nutritional management to the needs of the young animals, reaching higher productivity of carnivorous fish.