Shunning Banks or Depending on Them? Crypto Markets and the Rise of Crypto-Friendly Banking

Often touted as the opposite of money and banks, crypto-assets and their ecosystem may gradually be coming to terms with the idea that their success will also depend on their issuers’ readiness to adhere to conventional financial practices, on their acceptance of the preponderant role that banks have to play in the financial system, and on their ability to access basic banking services. Some within the banking community are starting to reciprocate the attention, by positioning themselves so as to serve the needs of crypto assets and their ecosystem, as a promising source of revenue at a challenging time for bank profitability. No less important for the emergence of crypto-friendly banks than the risk appetite of existing or new banking service providers is the regulators’, supervisors’ and policy makers’ stance vis-à-vis crypto-friendly banking. This paper explores the relationship of dependency between crypto and banks, how some banks around the world are facing up to the challenge of serving crypto-assets and their holders, and how policy makers, regulators and supervisors in Europe and elsewhere may want to position themselves vis-à-vis the incipient phenomenon of crypto-friendly banking.

Digital transformation and its role in the reproduction of innovative development of the modern banking institution of Russia

The institutional mechanism of the financial services market puts forward new requirements to the banking community, determining the need for innovations in products, technologies, services, and encouraging credit institutions to transform the declared strategy and implemented financial policy. In the present, the innovative factor is decisive in supporting the competitiveness of the bank, and the development of banking activities is determined by the degree of activity in promoting innovations. The article reveals the role, directions, tools of digitalization of the innovative development of a modern commercial bank, strengthening its competitive position.

Determinan Suku Bunga dan Likuiditas Bank Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kredit di Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of the interest rate (BI rate) on bank credit growth in Indonesia, liquidity on bank credit growth in Indonesia and determine the effect of interest rates and liquidity on bank credit growth in Indonesia. The method used in this study is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) using secondary data from 2009 Quarter I to 2018 Quarter IV. The results of the analysis showed that there was an influence between interest rates on bank credit growth in Indonesia, there was an influence between liquidity on bank credit growth in Indonesia. Together there is an influence between interest rates and bank liquidity on the growth of bank credit in Indonesia. The policy implication of this research is that Bank Indonesia must maintain the benchmark interest rate set in order to trigger an increase in bank credit growth. In addition, Bank Indonesia must monitor the liquidity of commercial banks in Indonesia so that the trust of the banking community is even greaterKeywords : interest rate, Liquidity, Credit

Legal Issues of Identification in Remote Financial Services for Individuals

In connection with the introduction of a high alert and self-isolation regime in the Russian Federation due to the coronavirus pandemic, the issue of remote financial services for individuals, especially the remote opening of accounts, deposits and lending to new customers, is particularly relevant in the banking community. The aim of the article is to propose additional regulatory measures to those already introduced in order to improve the process of financial service provision to individuals in a remote format. The research method is the study of various acts of state bodies (normative acts and newsletters), including those adopted during the period of high alert, as well as surveys of National Council of Financial Market member financial organizations on the impact of measures taken on their activities concerning the provision of services to individuals as well as suggestions for improving them. The article includes an analysis of regulators’ most important decisions on the issue and an evaluation of their impact on the sphere regulated, along with a consideration of international regulating experience in remote identification procedures. Based on the results of the work, conclusions are drawn on the appropriateness and sufficiency of the regulatory measures taken to ensure remote financial services for individuals in conditions of self-isolation as well as on promising ways to further improve the current legislation in this area.

Problems of Increasing Public Confidence in Russian Banks in the Sociological Dimension (Part 1)

The empirical basis for writing this article is based on three sociological researches of Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS made by order and with financial support from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia), National Bureau of credit histories (NBCH) and the Russian Bank of support of small and medium enterprises (SME Bank) in 2013, 2015 and 2019, that is, before the crisis, in the midst of crisis and in the early post-crisis period. All three studies were initiated by the Association of Russian banks (ARB). Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of assessments of the Central Bank’s monetary policy in public opinion at various historical stages and its impact on the level of public confidence in the banking system as a whole. The article analyzes objective and subjective reasons that negatively affect the level of public confidence in banks. Among them, the problems of reducing the living standards of the population, mass revocation of licenses from commercial banks, falling investment attractiveness of storing funds by individuals in banks, etc. are analyzed. In conclusion, the first part of the article provides recommendations based on the results of the study to restore and strengthen public confidence in banks through a more responsible and flexible monetary policy, increase the transparency of the banking community and expand information about its activities, promote financial literacy, systematic sociological monitoring of the population’s attitude to banks and scientific and practical understanding of its results.

Problems of Increasing Public Confidence in Russian Banks in the Sociological Dimension. Part II

The empirical basis for writing this article is based on three sociological researches of Institute of Sociology of FCTAS RAS made by order and with financial support from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia), National Bureau of credit histories (NBCH) and the Russian Bank of support of small and medium enterprises (SME Bank) in 2013, 2015 and 2019, that is, before the crisis, in the midst of crisis and in the early post-crisis period. All three studies were initiated by the Association of Russian banks (ARB). Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of assessments of the Central Bank’s monetary policy in public opinion at various historical stages and its impact on the level of public confidence in the banking system as a whole. The article analyzes objective and subjective reasons that negatively affect the level of public confidence in banks. Among them, the problems of reducing the living standards of the population, mass revocation of licenses from commercial banks, falling investment attractiveness of storing funds by individuals in banks, etc. are analyzed. In conclusion, the first part of the article provides recommendations based on the results of the study to restore and strengthen public confidence in banks through a more responsible and flexible monetary policy, increase the transparency of the banking community and expand information about its activities, promote financial literacy, systematic sociological monitoring of the population’s attitude to banks and scientific and practical understanding of its results.

Russian banking associations as subjects of institutional changes

Market economy, as evidenced by historical practice, inevitably leads to the unification of entrepreneurs in public organizations. In modern Russia, the formation of such structures began in the late 1980s.at that time, regional, sectoral and national associations were established. The oldest business unions were branch banking organizations, which United in their ranks banks and structures related to the banking business of the country. Bank associations are lobbying associations designed to form, formulate and communicate to the authorities the wishes of the organized banking community. There are various relations between the current state bodies and associations, which, as a rule, are not widely publicized, but which largely determine the state of the modern Russian economy, the nature and direction of the economic policy and strategy of the state. In addition to significant lobbying efforts aimed at creating favorable conditions for banks, the unions solve the problem of unification and standardization of banks, replication of the most successful domestic and foreign practices. They have become the most important subject of institutional changes not only in the financial segment of the economy, but also in the economy as a whole. The purpose of the article is to identify the directions, mechanisms of influence and influence of banking associations on the financial and banking environment. It is written on the basis of open sources — the materials of the two largest banking unions of the country, as well as analytical materials on lobbying and the activities of business associations of the past and present.

Women in Polish banking during the Second Polish Republic

This paper aims to analyse the employment of women in banking during the Second Polish Republic (i.e. interwar Poland). The banking sector was small in terms of employment. The number of people associated with this sector was 18.1 thousand in 1921 and 31.2 thousand in 1931, which accounted for 0.5-0.6% of all professionally active workers outside the agricultural sector. The banking community was dominated by men, the number of women working in banks was about 6.1 thousand in 1921 and 8.5 thousand in 1931 (30% of all human resources). This paper presents the nature of jobs performed by women, their positions and earnings. The presentation takes a number of forms: according to bank types, groups of voivodeships, size of the town and according to headquarters and branches. In all cases, the activities and earnings of women and men were compared.